1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58The European Standard EN ISO 13433:2006 has the status of a British StandardICS 59.080.70Geosynthet
2、ics Dynamic perforation test (cone drop test)BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 13433:2006BS EN ISO 13433:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 September 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 49138 2Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date
3、Commentscontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN ISO 13433:2006. It supersedes BS EN 918:1996 which is wi
4、thdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/553, Geotextiles and geomembranes.A list of organizations represented on B/553 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a EUROPEAN ST
5、ANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 13433August 2006ICS 59.080.70 Supersedes EN 918:1995 English VersionGeosynthetics - Dynamic perforation test (cone drop test) (ISO13433:2006)Gosynthtiques - Essai de perforation dynamique (essaipar chute dun cne) (ISO 13433:2006)Geokunststoffe - Dynamischer
6、 Durchschlagversuch(Kegelfallversuch) (ISO 13433:2006)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 July 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alte
7、ration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by transla
8、tionunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary
9、, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue d
10、e Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 13433:2006: EForeword This document (EN ISO 13433:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 189 “Geosynthetics“, the secretariat of w
11、hich is held by IBN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 221 “Geosynthetics“. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2007, and conflicting national standards shall b
12、e withdrawn at the latest by February 2007. This document supersedes EN 918:1995. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Eston
13、ia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN ISO 13433:2006Reference numberISO 13433:2006(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS
14、O13433First edition2006-08-01Geosynthetics Dynamic perforation test (cone drop test) Gosynthtiques Essai de perforation dynamique (essai par chute dun cne) EN ISO 13433:2006ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Principle. 1 5 Apparatus 2
15、6 Specimens . 5 6.1 Sampling 5 6.2 Number and dimension of specimens 5 7 Conditioning 6 8 Procedure 6 9 Calculation. 6 10 Test report . 6 EN ISO 13433:2006iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies).
16、The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-g
17、overnmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2
18、. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a
19、vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 13433 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
20、CEN/TC 189, Geosynthetics in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 221, Geosynthetics, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). EN ISO 13433:20061Geosynthetics Dynamic perforation test (cone drop test) 1 Scope This International Standa
21、rd specifies a method to determine the resistance of geosynthetics to penetration by a steel cone dropped from a fixed height. The degree of penetration is an indication of the behaviour of the geosynthetic when sharp stones are dropped on its surface. The method is generally applicable to geosynthe
22、tics. However, the validity of this test for some types of products should be considered carefully, as the test principle may not be applicable. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the cited edit
23、ion applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing Specifications ISO 9862, Geosynthetics Sampling and preparation of test specimens ISO 10320, Geotextiles and geotextile
24、-related products Identification on site 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 hole size diameter of the hole made by the cone in penetrating the specimen NOTE The hole size is measured in millimetres. 4 Principle The specimen is cl
25、amped horizontally between two steel rings. A stainless steel cone is dropped, point first, from a distance of 500 mm onto the centre of the specimen. The degree of penetration is measured by inserting a narrow-angle graduated cone into the hole. EN ISO 13433:20062 5 Apparatus 5.1 Clamping system. T
26、he clamping system shall prevent slippage or cutting of the specimen during the test. An example of the clamping system and the guide block is shown in Figures 1a) and 1b). The internal diameter of the clamping rings shall be (150 0,5) mm. The surfaces should be arranged so that the distance between
27、 the inner diameter of the ring and the gripping zone (i.e. start of serration, corrugations, etc.) does not exceed 7 mm. Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 upper clamping ring 5 guide block 2 specimen 6 screw 3 tube 7 lower clamping ring 4 clamping aid a) Example of clamping rings, guide block use b)
28、Example of details of serrated surfaces Figure 1 Examples of clamping rings and details of serrated surfaces 5.2 Frame. The frame shall support the clamped specimen and be equipped with a means of releasing the cone onto the centre of the specimen (see Figure 2). This can be achieved either by using
29、 guides, which do not limit the rate of fall, or by an appropriate release mechanism ensuring a free fall without rotation. The frame shall be mounted on a hard, non-resilient surface. NOTE 1 The instrument shown in Figure 2 has a safety screen to protect the operator from injury by the falling cone
30、. NOTE 2 It is advisable to put a shock absorbing layer on the bottom of the instrument to protect the cone in the case of total penetration. EN ISO 13433:20063Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 head/release mechanism to suit laboratory requirements 2 guide rod 3 cone 4 metal screen 5 screen 6 clamping
31、 plates 7 specimen 8 levelling screw 9 protective layer for cone NOTE This figure is not to scale. Figure 2 Typical cone drop framework with safety screen EN ISO 13433:20064 5.3 Cone. A stainless steel cone, with a 45 tip angle, a smooth polished surface and a mass of (1 000 5) g, including the guid
32、e rod, shall be used. Detailed dimensions are shown in Figure 3. Dimensions in millimetres Key aTop to suit release mechanism and length. NOTE This figure is not to scale. Figure 3 Example of cone and guide rod 5.4 Auxiliary equipment. Means to ensure the horizontal position of the test specimen and
33、 the vertical position of the cone axis (e.g. spirit level and adjusting screws). 5.5 Measuring cone. A graduated cone with dimensions as shown in Figure 4 and with a mass of (600 5) g, including grip. EN ISO 13433:20065Dimensions in millimetres NOTE This figure is not to scale. Figure 4 Example of
34、measuring cone 6 Specimens 6.1 Sampling Take specimens in accordance with ISO 9862. 6.2 Number and dimension of specimens Cut five specimens from the sample. Specimen dimensions shall be suitable for the apparatus used. If the material to be tested is known to have different characteristics on the t
35、wo faces (e.g. physical characteristics or as a consequence of the manufacturing process), then the complete test shall be carried out separately on each face. EN ISO 13433:20066 7 Conditioning The test specimens shall be conditioned in the standard atmosphere for testing at (20 2) C and (65 5) % re
36、lative humidity, as defined in ISO 554. A specimen is considered to be conditioned when the change in mass between two successive weighings, made at intervals of not less than 2 h, does not exceed 0,25 % of the mass of the specimen. Conditioning and/ or testing in a standard atmosphere may only be o
37、mitted when it can be shown that results obtained for the same specific type of product (both structure and polymer type) are not affected by changes in temperature and humidity exceeding the limits. This information shall be included in the test report. 8 Procedure Ensure that the clamping rings ar
38、e horizontal in the frame, using any suitable means (see 5.4). Secure a specimen between the clamping rings free of slack (see Figure 1), e.g. by using a guide block (see Figure 2). Place the specimen and the clamping system in the testing machine. Release the cone (5.3) so that it falls smoothly fr
39、om a height of (500 2) mm onto the centre of the specimens surface. Remove the cone and immediately place the measuring cone (5.5) carefully into the hole. Hold the measuring cone up straight, without applying any extra pressure. Wait 10 s, and then measure the diameter of the hole to the nearest mi
40、llimetre. The value determined shall be the maximum visible diameter of the measuring cone when the cone is in a vertical position, viewed from underneath the specimen. If the material has different properties in machine and cross machine direction (anisotropy), the largest visible hole diameter sha
41、ll be measured. Record the following occurrences: in some cases, the cone bounces off the specimen making a new hole on its second fall. In this event, measure the size of the larger hole; when testing woven geotextiles, it is possible that threads are shifted rather than broken. This shall be repor
42、ted. 9 Calculation Calculate the mean hole diameter and express the result in millimetres. If the falling cone does not penetrate one or more specimens at all, or if it penetrates them totally, then the mean shall not be calculated. In this case, the individual results shall be reported, and a comme
43、nt on this behaviour shall be made. 10 Test report The test report shall specify the following: a) number and date of this International Standard (ISO 13433:2006); b) identification of the sample tested according to ISO 10320, date of receipt and date of testing; c) conditioning atmosphere; d) mean
44、hole diameter (or individual results, see Clause 9); e) coefficient of variation of the hole diameter (in percent); f) any particular observations. EN ISO 13433:2006blankBS EN ISO BSI389 Chiswick High RoadLondonW4 4AL13433:2006BSI British Standards InstitutionBSI is the independent national body res
45、ponsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter.RevisionsBritish Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amend
46、ments or editions.It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be fou
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49、hose that have been published as British Standards, unless otherwise requested.Information on standardsBSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and international standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters Service. Various BSI electronic information services are also available which give details on all its products and services. Contact the Information Centre. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7111. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7048. Email: infobsi
