1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 13833:2013Stationary source emissions Determination of the ratio of biomass (biogenic) and fossil-derived carbon dioxide Radiocarbon sampling and determinationBS EN ISO
2、 13833:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 13833:2013. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to T e c h n i c a l C o m m i t t e e E H / 2 / 1 , S t a t i o n a r y s o u r c e e m i s s i o n .A list of organizations repres
3、ented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013.ISBN 978 0 5
4、80 71397 2 ICS 13.040.40 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STA
5、NDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 13833 April 2013 ICS 13.040.40 English Version Stationary source emissions - Determination of the ratio of biomass (biogenic) and fossil-derived carbon dioxide - Radiocarbon sampling and determination (ISO 13833:2013) missions de sources fixes - Dterminat
6、ion du rapport du dioxyde de carbone de la biomasse (biognique) et des drivs fossiles - chantillonnage et dtermination du radiocarbone (ISO 13833:2013) Emissionen aus stationren Quellen - Bestimmung des Verhltnisses von Kohlendioxid aus Biomasse (biogen) und aus fossilen Quellen - Probenahme und Bes
7、timmung des radioaktiven Kohlenstoffs (ISO 13833:2013) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 March 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any
8、alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
9、 made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, E
10、stonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR S
11、TANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 13833:2013: EBS EN ISO 13833:2013 EN ISO 138
12、33:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 13833:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146 “Air quality“ incollaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standar
13、d, either by publication of an identicaltext or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn atthe latest by October 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patentrights. CEN
14、and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Cz
15、echRepublic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
16、 Endorsement notice The text of ISO 13833:2013 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 13833:2013 without any modification. BS EN ISO 13833:2013ISO 13833:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Symbols a
17、nd abbreviated terms . 24.1 Symbols . 24.2 Abbreviations . 35 Principle 45.1 General . 45.2 Principles of sampling 45.3 14C measurement techniques. 56 Reagent, materials and equipment . 57 Analysis 98 Calculation of the results . 99 Quality assurance and quality control procedures .1110 Test report
18、11Annex A (normative) Procedure for 14C determination by accelerator mass spectrometry 13Annex B (normative) Procedure for 14C determination by liquid scintillation counter method .16Annex C (normative) Procedures for 14C determination by beta-ionization 21Annex D (informative) Performance character
19、istics 14C methods 24Annex E (informative) Definitions and equations of the 14C-based method .28Bibliography .36BS EN ISO 13833:2013ISO 13833:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work o
20、f preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmenta
21、l, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main t
22、ask of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.ISO 138
23、33 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 1, Stationary source emissions.iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 13833:2013ISO 13833:2013(E)IntroductionReliable data for biogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are needed for carbon emission trading and in order
24、 to provide more accurate inventories.When combusting mixtures of fuels from fossil and biogenic origin, it is often difficult to determine the exact ratio of biogenic and fossil CO2in the total CO2that is emitted through the stack gas, because the biogenic and fossil composition of the combusted fu
25、els is not always known or cannot be determined with sufficient accuracy. This is the case when solid recovered fuels (SRF) are used.The contribution of solid, liquid, and gaseous biofuels to energy production is likely to increase. A reliable and robust method for the determination of the ratio of
26、fossil and biogenic CO2in the total emitted CO2of stack gas will enhance the implementation of these products, as reliable data for carbon emission trading can be generated with this approach.Different methods exist to determine the ratio of fossil and biogenic CO2in stack gas. The radiocarbon (14C
27、isotope) method has been applied since the 1950s in a variety of sample types, like food, fuels, polymers, and atmospheric and combustion CO2to determine the ratio of biogenic and fossil carbon (Reference 18). Biogenic and fossil carbon can be distinguished based on the measured amount of the 14C is
28、otope in the sample. Another, relatively new applied method is the “balance method”, which combines standard data on the chemical composition of biogenic and fossil organic matter with routinely measured operating data of the plant (Reference 10). Similar methods using stoichiometric methods, for ex
29、ample, can also be used.This International Standard gives sampling and analysis methods for the determination of the ratio of biomass and fossil fuel-derived CO2in the total emitted CO2from exhaust gases of stationary sources, based on the radiocarbon (14C isotope) method. Sample strategies for inte
30、grated sampling for periods from 1 h up to 1 month are given. Radiocarbon determination procedures include accelerated mass spectrometry (AMS), beta-ionization (BI), and liquid scintillation (LS) measurement procedures for the determination of the radiocarbon content.The International Organization f
31、or Standardization (ISO) draws attention to the fact that it is claimed that compliance with this document may involve the use of patents concerning the use of the radiocarbon isotope as biogenic marker: a) Method for determining the relationship of renewable to non-renewable sources of energy; b) M
32、ethod for determining the fossil fuel content in a fuel stream, as well as a an incineration furnace.ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of these patent rights.The holders of these patent rights have assured ISO that they are willing to negotiate licences under reasonab
33、le and non-discriminatory terms and conditions with applicants throughout the world. In this respect, statements of the holders of these patent rights are registered with ISO. Information may be obtained from:a) European Cement Research Academy (ECRA)Tannenstrasse 2, D-40476, DSSELDORF. Tel.: +49 21
34、1 23 98 38 0; E-mail: infoecra-online.orgb) Energy Research Centre of the NetherlandsWesterduinweg 3, PO Box 1, NL-1755 ZG PETTEN. Tel.: +31 224 56 4475; E-mail: denuijlecn.nlAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights other th
35、an those identified above. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO (www.iso.org/patents) maintains on-line databases of patents relevant to its documents. Users are encouraged to consult the databases for the most up to date information concerning patents.
36、 ISO 2013 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 13833:2013BS EN ISO 13833:2013Stationary source emissions Determination of the ratio of biomass (biogenic) and fossil-derived carbon dioxide Radiocarbon sampling and determination1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies sampling methods and analysis metho
37、ds for the determination of the ratio of biomass- and fossil-derived carbon dioxide (CO2) in the CO2from exhaust gases of stationary sources, based on the radiocarbon (14C isotope) method. The lower limit of application is a biogenic to total CO2fraction of 0,02. The working range is a biogenic to t
38、otal CO2fraction of 0,02 to 1,0.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) appl
39、ies.ISO 7934, Stationary source emissions Determination of the mass concentration of sulfur dioxide Hydrogen peroxide/barium perchlorate/Thorin methodISO 10396, Stationary source emissions Sampling for the automated determination of gas emission concentrations for permanently-installed monitoring sy
40、stemsISO 15713, Stationary source emissions Sampling and determination of gaseous fluoride content3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1biogenicproduced in natural processes by living organisms but not fossilized or derived from fossil
41、 resources3.2biomassmaterial of biological origin excluding material embedded in geological formation or transformed to fossil3.3isotope abundancefraction of atoms of a particular isotope of an element3.4organic carbonamount of carbon bound in an organic material3.5percentage modern carbonpmCnormali
42、zed and standardized value for the amount of the 14C isotope in a sample, calculated relative to the standardized and normalized 14C isotope amount of oxalic acid standard reference material, SRM 4990c1)Note 1 to entry: In 2009, the value of 100 % bio-based carbon was set at 105 pmC.1) SRM 4990c is
43、the trade name of a product supplied by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13833:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 13833:2013ISO 13833:2013(E)3.6proportional samplingflow proportional samplingtechnique for obtaining a sample from flowing s
44、tack gas in which the wet or dry sample flow rate is directly proportional to the mass flow rate, volume flow rate or velocity in the stack3.7radiocarbonradioactive isotope of the element carbon, 14C, having 8 neutrons, 6 protons, and 6 electronsNote 1 to entry: Of the total carbon on Earth, 1 1010%
45、 mass fraction is 14C. It decays exponentially with a half-life of 5 730 years and as such it is not measurable in fossil materials derived from petroleum, coal, natural gas or any other source older than about 50 000 years.3.8samplequantity of material, representative of a larger quantity for which
46、 the property is to be determined3.9sample preparationall the actions taken to obtain representative analyses, samples or test portions from the original sample3.10test portionquantity of material drawn from the test sample (or from the laboratory sample if both are the same) and on which the test o
47、r observation is actually carried out3.11beta-particleelectron or positron which has been emitted by an atomic nucleus or neutron in a nuclear transformation ISO 921:1997,1definition 814 Symbols and abbreviated terms4.1 SymbolsA disintegrations per secondb default 14C content (in pmC) of 100 % bioma
48、ss, produced and harvested in 2011E counting rateCVcoefficient of variationE(R0) counting rate of blankE(Rn,LLD) lower limit of detectioni increment numberk1 + k1 coverage factor (typical value: 1,645)m measured 14C content of the samplemCO2mass of CO2This information is given for the convenience of
49、 users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 13833:2013ISO 13833:2013(E)MCO244,01 kg/kmolen number of incrementsr biogenic CO2to total CO2ratio derived from the measured pmC valuet operating timetbcounting time of samplet0counting time of blankV total amount of stack gas emittedVCO2volume of CO2Viactual stack gas flow at moment iVm22,41 m3/kmol (at 273 K and
