1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 15620:2000 The
2、European Standard EN ISO 15620:2000 has the status of a British Standard ICS 25.160.10 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Welding Friction welding of metallic materialsThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Commit
3、tee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 September 2000 BSI 09-2000 ISBN 0 580 34699 4 BS EN ISO 15620:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version
4、 of EN ISO 15620:2000. It is identical with ISO 15620:2000. It supersedes BS 6223:1990 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee WEE/41, Friction welding, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the resp
5、onsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on r
6、equest to its secretary. Cross-references Attention is drawn to the fact that CEN and CENELEC Standards normally include an annex which lists normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications. The British Standards which implement these international o
7、r European publications may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a c
8、ontract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN ISO title page, pages 2 to 37 and a b
9、ack cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.EUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM ENISO15620 July2000 ICS25.160.00 Englishversion WeldingFrictionweldingofmetallicmaterials(ISO 15620:2000) SoudageSoudageparfrictiondesmatriauxmtal
10、liques (ISO15620:2000) SchweienReibschweienvonmetallischenWerkstoffen (ISO15620:2000) ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon10March2000. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalte
11、ration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmember
12、intoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusast heofficial versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKin
13、gdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG CentralSecretariat:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2000CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.ENISO15620:2000EPage2 ENISO15620:2000 Contents Page
14、Foreword. 3 Introduction. 4 1 Scope 4 2 Normativereferences 4 3 T e r m s a n d d e f i n i t i o n s 5 4 W e l d i n g k n o w l e d g e 7 4.1 Process. 7 4.2 Materialsandmaterialcombinations. 1 0 4 . 3 F r i c t i o n w e l d i n g m a c h i n e s 1 0 5 Q u a l i t y r e q u i r e m e n t s . 1 2 5
15、.1 General . 1 2 5.2 Preweldingconditions 1 2 5 . 3 P o s t w e l d i n g t r e a t m e n t. 1 3 5 . 4 Q u a l i t y a s s u r a n c e 1 3 6 W e l d i n g p r o c e d u r e s p e c i f i c a t i o n ( W P S ) 1 4 6.1 General . 1 4 6.2 Informationrelatedtothemanufacturer 1 4 6 . 3 I n f o r m a t i o
16、 n r e l a t e d t o t h e m a t e r i a l 1 4 6 . 4 W e l d i n g p a r a m e t e r s 1 4 6.5Joint.15 6.6 Optionaldevices. 1 5 7 W e l d i n g p r o c e d u r e a p p r o v a l . 1 5 7.1 Principles 15 7.2 Weldingproceduretests. 1 5 7.3 Weldingprocedureapprovalrecord(WPAR). 1 9 7 . 4 P r e v i o u s
17、 e x p e r i e n c e 1 9 7.5 Circumstancesmandatingrequalification . 1 9 7 . 6 M a c h i n e s p e c i f i c n a t u r e o f a W P S 1 9 7.7 Requalificationprocedurerequirements 1 9 8 Weldingpersonnel 19 8.1 Frictionweldingmachineoperator 1 9 8 . 2 F r i c t i o n w e l d i n g m a c h i n e s e t t
18、 e r 1 9 8.3 Weldingcoordinationpersonnel(supervisor). 2 0 AnnexA (informative) R e l a t i o n s h i p o f w e l d i n g p a r a m e t e r s . 2 1 AnnexB (informative)Additionalprocessesbasedonfriction 23 AnnexC (informative) M a t e r i a l c o m b i n a t i o n s w e l d a b l e b y f r i c t i o
19、 n w e l d i n g . 2 5 AnnexD (informative)Guidelinesforqualityassurance . 26 AnnexE (informative) E x a m i n a t i o n a n d t e s t 2 7 AnnexF (informative) M a n u f a c t u r e r s f r i c t i o n w e l d i n g p r o c e d u r e s p e c i f i c a t i o n ( W P S ) 2 9 AnnexG (informative)Charac
20、teristicsoffrictionweldedcomponents 31 AnnexH (informative) W e l d i n g p r o c e d u r e a p p r o v a l r e c o r d f o r m ( W P A R ). 3 5 AnnexZA (informative)ClausesofthisEuropeanStandardaddressing essentialrequirementsorotherprovisionsofEUDirectives . 38Page3 ENISO15620:2000 Foreword Thetex
21、tofENISO15620:2000hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC121“Welding“,the secretariatofwhichisheldbyDS,incollaborationwithTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC44“Weldingandallied processes“. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltext orbyendorsement,atthel
22、atestbyJanuary2001,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthe latestbyJanuary2001. ThisEuropeanStandardhasbeenpreparedunderamandategiventoCENbytheEuropeanCommissionand theEuropeanFreeTradeAssociation,andsupportsessentialrequirementsofEUDirective(s). ForrelationshipwithEUDirective(s),seeinf
23、ormativeAnnexZA,whichisanintegralpartofthisstandard. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsof thefollowing countriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland, France,Germany,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Ne
24、therlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden, SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom.Page4 ENISO15620:2000 Introduction Frictionweldingisamethodformakingweldsinthesolidphaseinwhichonecomponentismovedrelativeto andinpressurecontactwiththematingcomponenttoproduceheatatthefayingsurfaces,theweldbeing completedbytheap
25、plicationofaforceduringorafterthecessationofrelativemotion.Thereareseveralformsof supplyingenergyandvariousformsofrelativemovements. Thegenerationoffrictionheatingresultsinacomparativelylowjoiningtemperatureattheinterface.Thisis largelythereasonwhyfrictionweldingissuitableformaterialsandmaterialcomb
26、inationswhichareotherwise difficulttoweld.Theweldregionisgenerallynarrowandnormallyhasarefinedmicrostructure. Whilstthefrictionweldingprocessdealsprimarilywithcomponentsofcircularcrosssectionitdoesnotpreclude thejoiningofothercomponentshapes. 1 Scope Thisstandardspecifiesrequirementsforthefrictionwe
27、ldingofcomponentsmanufacturedfrommetals. Itspecifiesrequirementsparticulartorotationalfrictionweldingrelatedtoweldingknowledge,quality requirements,weldingprocedurespecification,weldingprocedureapprovalandweldingpersonnel. Thisstandardisappropriatewhereacontract,anapplicationstandardorregulatoryrequ
28、irementrequiresthe demonstrationofthe manufacturerscapabilitytoproduceweldedconstructionsofaspecifiedquality.Ithas beenpreparedinacomprehensivemannertobeusedasareferenceincontracts.Therequirementsgivenmay beadoptedinfullorsomemaybedeleted,ifnotrelevanttotheconstructionconcerned. 2 Normativereference
29、s ThisEuropeanStandardincorporatesbydatedorundatedreference,provisionsfromotherpublications.These normativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetextandthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.For datedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisEuropean Standardon
30、lywhenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelatesteditionofthe publicationreferredtoapplies(includingamendments). EN1289 NondestructiveexaminationofweldsPenetranttestingofweldsAcceptancelevels EN1290 NondestructiveexaminationofweldsMagneticparticleexaminationofwelds EN1711 Non
31、destructiveexaminationofweldsEddycurrentexaminationofweldsbycomplexplaneanalysis ENISO4063 Weldingandalliedprocesses Nomenclatureofprocessesandreferencenumbers(ISO4063:1998)Page5 ENISO15620:2000 3 Termsanddefinitions Forthepurposesofthisstandard,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply. 3.1 axialforce A
32、xialforcebetweencomponentstobewelded. 3.2 axialpressure Pressure(forceperunitarea)onthefayingsurfaces. 3.3 burnofflength Lossoflengthinthefrictionphase. 3.4 burnoffrate Therateofshorteningofthecomponentsduringapplicationof thefrictionforce. 3.5 component Asingleitembeforewelding. 3.6 componentinduce
33、dbraking Reductioninrotationalspeedresultingfromfrictionbetweentheinterfaces. 3.7 contactforce Axialforceoncontactofcomponents. 3.8 contacttorque Reactiontorqueafterfrictionstart. 3.9 externalbraking Externalbrakingreducingtherotationalspeed. 3.10 fayingsurface Asurfaceofonecomponentthatistobeincont
34、actwithasurfaceofanothercomponenttoformajoint. 3.11 forgeforce Theforceappliednormaltothefayingsurfacesatthetimewhenrelativemovementbetweenthecomponentsis ceasingorhasceased. 3.12 forgelength Theamountbywhichtheoveralllengthofthecomponentsisreducedduringtheapplicationoftheforgeforce. 3.13 forgephase
35、 Inthefrictionweldingcycletheintervalbetweenthestartandfinishofapplicationoftheforgeforce. 3.14 forgepressure Thepressure(forceperunitarea)onthefayingsurfacesresultingfromtheaxialforgeforce. 3.15 forgerate Therateofshorteningofthecomponentsduringtheapplication offorgeforce. 3.16 forgetime Thetimefor
36、whichtheforgeforceisappliedtothecomponents. 3.17 frictionforce(s) Theforce(s)appliednormaltothefayingsurfacesduringthetimethatthereisrelativemovementbetweenthe components. 3.18 frictionphase Inthefrictionweldingcycletheintervalinwhichtheheatnecessaryformakingaweldisgeneratedbyrelative motionandthefr
37、ictionforce(s)betweenthecomponents,i.e.fromcontactofcomponentstothestartof deceleration.Page6 ENISO15620:2000 3.19 frictionpressure(s) Thepressure(s)(forceperunitarea)onthefayingsurfacesresultingfromtheaxialfrictionforce. 3.20 frictiontime Thetimeduringwhichrelativemovementbetweenthecomponentstakesp
38、laceatrotationalspeedandunder applicationofthefrictionforce(s). 3.21 interface Thecontactareadevelopedbetweenthefayingsurfacesaftercompletionoftheweldingoperation. 3.22 lengthallowance Extramaterialtoallowforlossoflength. 3.23 overhang Thedistanceacomponentprojectsfromthefixture,orchuckinthedirectio
39、nofthematingcomponent. 3.24 peripherialvelocity Velocityofouterdiameteroffayingsurfacestobewelded. 3.25 rotationalspeed Revolutionsperminuteofrotatingcomponent. 3.26 stoppingphase Inthefrictionweldingcycletheintervalinwhichtherelativemotionofthecomponentsisdeceleratedtozero. 3.27 stoppingtime Thetim
40、erequiredbythemovingcomponenttodeceleratefromfrictionspeedtozerospeed. 3.28 torquecurve Torquecharacteristicbetweenthetwointerfacesbasedontime(contact,equilibrium,finaltorque). 3.29 totallengthloss(upset) Thelossoflengththatoccursasaresultoffrictionwelding,i.e.thesumoftheburnofflengthandtheforge len
41、gth. 3.30 totalweldtime Timeelapsedbetweencomponentcontactandendofforgingphase. 3.31 upsetmetal(flash) Parentmetalproudofthenormalsurfacesoftheweldmentasaresultoffrictionwelding. 3.32 weldcrosssection Theareastobewelded. 3.33 weldingcycle Thesuccessionofoperationseffectedbythemachineformakingaweldme
42、ntandthereturntotheinitialposition (excludingcomponenthandlingoperations). 3.34 weldment Twoormorecomponentsjoinedbywelding. 3.35 pressurecontactarea Thesurfacecontactareaofthecomponentsthroughwhichtheforceistransmitted.Page7 ENISO15620:2000 4 Weldingknowledge 4.1 Process Theclassificationoffriction
43、weldingprocessesarelistedintable1. Table1Classificationoffrictionweldingprocesses Frictionwelding Relativemotionclassification Energyclassification Continuousdrive Storedenergy Theprocessvariantwhere powerorenergyisprovi dedbyaninfiniteduration sourceandmaintainedfor apresetperiod Theprocessvariantw
44、he retheenergyforwelding issuppliedbythekinetic energystoredinarotating systemorfluidstorage system Hybridsystem Combiningsomefeaturesofbothmethods Rotational Linear reciprocation Angular oscillation Orbital Amethodinwhichone componentisrotatedrela tivetoandincontactwith thematingfaceofanother componentor components. Amethodinwhichone componentismovedina linearoscillatingmotion relativetoandincontact withthematingfaceof anothercomponent. Amethodinwhichone componentismovedinan angularoscillatingmotion aboutacommoncompo nentaxi
