1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 17636-1:2013Non-destructive testing ofwelds Radiographic testingPart 1: X- and gamma-ray techniques withfilmIncorporating corrigendum February 2013BS EN ISO 17636-1:201
2、3 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO17636-1:2013. Together with BS EN ISO 17636-2:2013, it supersedes BS EN 1435:1997, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee WEE/46, Non-destructive testing
3、.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standar
4、dsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 82155 4ICS 25.160.40Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2013.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate
5、Text affected28 February 2013Correction of core textEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 17636-1 January 2013 ICS 25.160.40 Supersedes EN 1435:1997English Version Non-destructive testing of welds - Radiographic testing - Part 1: X- and gamma-ray techniques with film (ISO 17636-1:
6、2013) Contrle non destructif des assemblages souds - Contrle par radiographie - Partie 1: Techniques par rayons X ou gamma laide de film (ISO 17636-1:2013) Zerstrungsfreie Prfung von Schweiverbindungen - Durchstrahlungsprfung - Teil 1: Rntgen- und Gammastrahlungstechniken mit Filmen (ISO 17636-1:201
7、3) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 December 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical
8、 references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of
9、 a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Mac
10、edonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EU
11、ROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 17636-1:2013: EBS EN ISO 17636-1:2013EN ISO 17636-1:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN IS
12、O 17636-1:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding” the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 “Welding and allied processes“. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
13、 an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be he
14、ld responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1435:1997. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
15、Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the Un
16、ited Kingdom. ISO 17636-1:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction . v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 2 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 3 5 Classification of radiographic techniques 3 6 General preparations and requirements . 4 6.1
17、Protection against ionizing radiation 4 6.2 Surface preparation and stage of manufacture . 4 6.3 Location of the weld in the radiograph . 4 6.4 Identification of radiographs 4 6.5 Marking . 4 6.6 Overlap of films . 4 6.7 Types and positions of image quality indicators . 4 6.8 Evaluation of image qua
18、lity 5 6.9 Minimum image quality values 5 6.10 Personnel qualification . 6 7 Recommended techniques for making radiographs . 6 7.1 Test arrangements 6 7.2 Choice of tube voltage and radiation source . 12 7.3 Film systems and metal screens . 13 7.4 Alignment of beam 15 7.5 Reduction of scattered radi
19、ation . 15 7.6 Source-to-object distance 15 7.7 Maximum area for a single exposure 18 7.8 Density of radiograph . 18 7.9 Processing . 18 7.10 Film viewing conditions 19 8 Test report 19 Annex A (normative) Recommended number of exposures which give an acceptable examination of a circumferential butt
20、 weld 21 Annex B (normative) Minimum image quality values . 26 Bibliography 30 BS EN ISO 17636-1:2013ISO 17636-1:2013(E) iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The wo
21、rk of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governm
22、ental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The
23、main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
24、Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 17636-1 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) in collaboration with IS
25、O Technical Committee TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 5, Testing and inspection of welds in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). This first edition, together with ISO 17636-2, cancels and replaces ISO 17636:2003, of which
26、 it constitutes a technical revision. ISO 17636 consists of the following parts, under the general title Non-destructive testing of welds Radiographic testing: Part 1: X- and gamma-ray techniques with film Part 2: X- and gamma-ray techniques with digital detectors The main changes are that: the norm
27、ative references have been updated; the document has been divided into two parts this part of ISO 17636 applies to radiographic testing with films; X-ray devices up to 1 000 kV have been included; the text has been editorially revised. Requests for official interpretations of any aspect of this part
28、 of ISO 17636 should be directed to the Secretariat of ISO/TC 44/SC 5 via your national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org. BS EN ISO 17636-1:2013ISO 17636-1:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved vIntroduction This International Standard specifies fundament
29、al techniques of radiography with the object of enabling satisfactory and repeatable results to be obtained economically. The techniques are based on generally recognized practice and fundamental theory of the subject, inspection of fusion welded joints with industrial radiographic films. BS EN ISO
30、17636-1:2013BS EN ISO 17636-1:2013INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17636-1:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1Non-destructive testing of welds Radiographic testing Part 1: X- and gamma-ray techniques with film 1 Scope This part of ISO 17636 specifies techniques of radiographic examination of fusion wel
31、ded joints in metallic materials using industrial radiographic film techniques. This part of ISO 17636 applies to the joints of plates and pipes. Besides its conventional meaning, “pipe” as used in this International Standard covers other cylindrical bodies such as tubes, penstocks, boiler drums, an
32、d pressure vessels. NOTE This part of ISO 17636 complies with ISO 5579.1This part of ISO 17636 does not specify acceptance levels for any of the indications found on the radiographs. If contracting parties apply lower test criteria, it is possible that the quality achieved is significantly lower tha
33、n when this part of ISO 17636 is strictly applied. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
34、any amendments) applies. ISO 5576, Non-destructive testing Industrial X-ray and gamma-ray radiology Vocabulary ISO 5580, Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic illuminators Minimum requirements ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing Qualification and certification of NDT personnel ISO 11699-1, N
35、on-destructive testing Industrial radiographic film Part 1: Classification of film systems for industrial radiography ISO 11699-2, Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic films Part 2: Control of film processing by means of reference values ISO 19232-1, Non-destructive testing Image quality
36、of radiographs Part 1: Image quality indicators (wire type) Determination of image quality value ISO 19232-2, Non-destructive testing Image quality of radiographs Part 2: Image quality indicators (step/hole type) Determination of image quality value ISO 19232-4, Non-destructive testing Image quality
37、 of radiographs Part 4: Experimental evaluation of image quality values and image quality tables BS EN ISO 17636-1:2013ISO 17636-1:2013(E) 2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedEN 12543 (all parts), Non-destructive testing Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive
38、 testing EN 12679, Non-destructive testing Determination of the size of industrial radiographic sources Radiographic method 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5576 and the following apply. 3.1 nominal thickness t nominal thickness of the
39、 parent material only where manufacturing tolerances do not have to be taken into account 3.2 penetration thickness change t change of penetrated thickness relative to the nominal thickness due to beam angle 3.3 penetrated thickness w thickness of material in the direction of the radiation beam calc
40、ulated on the basis of the nominal thicknesses of all penetrated walls 3.4 object-to-film distance b distance between the radiation side of the radiographed part of the test object and the film surface measured along the central axis of the radiation beam 3.5 source size d size of the radiation sour
41、ce or focal spot size NOTE See EN 12679 or EN 12543. 3.6 source-to-film distance SFD SDD distance between the source of radiation and the film measured in the direction of the beam NOTE SFD = f + b where f source-to-object distance b object-to-film distance 3.7 source-to-object distance f distance b
42、etween the source of radiation and the source side of the test object measured along the central axis of the radiation beam BS EN ISO 17636-1:2013ISO 17636-1:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 33.8 external diameter Denominal external diameter of the pipe 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms For the pu
43、rposes of this document, the symbols given in Table 1 apply. Table 1 Symbols and terms Symbol Term b object-to-film distance b object-to-film distance perpendicular to test object Deexternal diameter d source size f source-to-object distance f source-to-object distance perpendicular to test object f
44、minminimum source-to-object distance t nominal thickness t penetration thickness change w penetrated thickness F film IQI image quality indicator S radiation sourceSFD SDD source-to-film distance 5 Classification of radiographic techniques The radiographic techniques are divided into two classes: Cl
45、ass A: basic techniques; Class B: improved techniques. Class B techniques are used when class A might be insufficiently sensitive. Better techniques compared to class B are possible and may be agreed between the contracting parties by specification of all appropriate test parameters. The choice of r
46、adiographic technique shall be agreed between the contracting parties. If, for technical or industrial reasons, it is not possible to meet one of the conditions specified for class B, such as the type of radiation source or the source-to-object distance, f, it may be agreed by contracting parties th
47、at the condition selected may be that specified for class A. The loss of sensitivity shall be compensated by an increase of minimum density to 3,0 or by selection of a better film system class with a minimum density of 2,6. The other conditions for class B remain unchanged, especially the image qual
48、ity achieved (see Tables B.1 to BS EN ISO 17636-1:2013ISO 17636-1:2013(E) 4 ISO 2013 All rights reservedB.12). Because of the better sensitivity compared to class A, the test specimen may be regarded as being examined to class B. This does not apply if the special SFD reductions as described in 7.6
49、for test arrangements 7.1.4 and 7.1.5 are used. 6 General preparations and requirements 6.1 Protection against ionizing radiation WARNING Exposure of any part of the human body to X-rays or gamma-rays can be highly injurious to health. Wherever X-ray equipment or radioactive sources are in use, appropriate legal requirements shall be applied. Local or national or international safety precautions when using ionizing radiation shall be strictly applied. 6.2 Surface
