1、BS EN ISO23936-1:2009ICS 75.180.01NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDPetroleum,petrochemical andnatural gas industries Non-metallicmaterials in contactwith media related tooil and gas productionPart 1: Thermoplastics (ISO23936-1:2009)This British St
2、andard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July2009. BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 57000 1BS EN ISO 23936-1:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 23936-1:2009.BSI, as a member of CEN, is obliged to publish EN 23936-1
3、 as a British Standard. However, attention is drawn to the fact that during the development of this European Standard, the UK committee voted against its approval as a European Standard.The UK Committee believes that a more comprehensive approach to the qual-ification of thermoplastics under realist
4、ic conditions for the oil and gas sector is possible through using BS EN ISO 23936-1 in association with other codes for the following instances:When deciding on test methodology for large applications refer to API Technical Report 17TR:2003. Preliminary and application-focused longer term testing c
5、hoices are indicated and potential failure modes are discussed. For small applications, refer to the latest revision of NORSOK standard M-710. Refer to the BS EN ISO 13628 series in subsea applications, the BS EN 1555 series and the BS EN 12201 series in polyethylene pipe applications, BS EN ISO 104
6、23 for wellhead applications and BS EN 13942 (ISO 14313 modified) for valve applications.The hydrocarbon mixture in the simulated production mixture can be found in Table B.1 in this standard. If a UK user should consider that the oil to be simulated for the area of interest is so different from the
7、 one in Table B.1 that incorrect liquid absorption characteristics would be measured when testing, then the latest revision of NORSOK standard M-710 referring to thermoplastics and elastomers contains a range of similarly-devised optional hydrocarbon mixtures.Guidance can also be found in BS EN ISO
8、10423:2004 - Petroleum and natural gas industries Drilling and production equipment Wellhead and christmas tree equipment when selecting test temperatures aligned with those for testing components containing thermoplastics.According to the UK committee Subclause 4.2 of this Standard does not adequat
9、ely present the characteristic properties for some variants of some of the materials listed, and for some other contender materials for oil however, ionizing radiation is excluded from the scope of this part of ISO 23936. Furthermore, this part of ISO 23936 is not necessarily suitable for applicatio
10、n to equipment used in refining or downstream processes and equipment. The equipment considered includes, but is not limited to, non-metallic pipelines, piping, liners, seals, gaskets and washers. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
11、 document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 178, Plastics Determination of flexural properties ISO 179-1, Plastics Determination of Charpy impact properties Part 1: Non-
12、instrumented impact test ISO 306, Plastics Thermoplastic materials Determination of Vicat softening temperature (VST) ISO 527-1, Plastics Determination of tensile properties Part 1: General principles ISO 868, Plastics and ebonite Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore
13、hardness) BS EN ISO 23936-1:2009ISO 23936-1:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reservedISO 1183-2, Plastics Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics Part 2: Density gradient column method ISO 2578, Plastics Determination of time-temperature limits after prolonged exposure to heat ISO
14、11357-6, Plastics Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) Part 6: Determination of oxidation induction time (isothermal OIT) and oxidation induction temperature (dynamic OIT) ISO 151561, Petroleum and natural gas industries Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production P
15、art 1: General principles for selection of cracking-resistant materials ISO 151562, Petroleum and natural gas industries Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production Part 2: Cracking-resistant carbon and low-alloy steels, and the use of cast irons ISO 151563, Petroleum
16、and natural gas industries Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production Part 3: Cracking-resistant CRAs (corrosion-resistant alloys) and other alloys ASTM D638, Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics ASTM D746, Standard Test Method for Brittleness Tempe
17、rature of Plastics and Elastomers By Impact ASTM D792, Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions and abbreviated terms apply. 3.1
18、 Terms and definitions 3.1.1 batch discontinuously manufactured amount of thermoplastic material 3.1.2 certificate of compliance inspection document to be issued by the manufacturer in accordance with requirements stated in this standard or in the purchase order 3.1.3 end user oil and/or gas operati
19、ng company 3.1.4 fluid liquid or gas 3.1.5 gasket sealing component compressed in a joint 3.1.6 liner thermoplastic material for protection of medium-contacted surfaces of pipes, piping, pipelines or equipment 3.1.7 lot part of a batch or part of a continuously manufactured thermoplastic material BS
20、 EN ISO 23936-1:2009ISO 23936-1:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 33.1.8 lot certificate certificate of analysis issued by the manufacturer 3.1.9 manufacturer producer of the thermoplastic material or semi-finished products made from thermoplastic materials 3.1.10 material specification descripti
21、on of characteristics and test requirements for thermoplastic materials 3.1.11 operating temperature temperature to which a component is subjected during normal operation 3.1.12 maximum operating temperature maximum temperature to which a component is subjected, including deviations from normal oper
22、ations, such as start-up/shutdown 3.1.13 minimum operating temperature minimum temperature to which a component is subjected, including deviations from normal operations, such as start-up/shutdown 3.1.14 pipeline those facilities through which fluids or gases are transported, including pipes, pig tr
23、aps, components and equipment, including valves NOTE Adapted from ISO 13623:2000, definition 3.12. 3.1.15 piping pipe or system of pipes for the transport of fluids and gases NOTE 1 A piping system can be regarded as one single system provided it conveys substances having the same properties and as
24、a whole is designed for the same allowable pressure. NOTE 2 Interruption by different components such as pumps, machines, vessels, etc. does not preclude integration into one single piping system. 3.1.16 seal deformable polymeric device designed to separate different environments 3.1.17 swelling inc
25、rease in volume due to absorption of fluids 3.1.18 thermoplastics plastics that are capable of being repeatedly softened by heating and hardened by cooling through a temperature range characteristic of the plastics and, in the softened state, of being repeatedly shaped by flow into articles by mould
26、ing, extrusion or forming ISO 15750-3:2002 BS EN ISO 23936-1:2009ISO 23936-1:2009(E) 4 ISO 2009 All rights reserved3.1.19 washer flat plate of a material with a centralized hole used to seat bolt heads and nuts, among others 3.2 Abbreviated terms COC Certificate of compliance COA Certificate of anal
27、ysis DSC Differential scanning calorimetry DTMA/TMA Dynamic thermo-mechanical analysis/Thermo-mechanical analysis ECTFE Polyethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene ETFE Polyethylene-tetrafluoroethylene HDPE High density polyethylene LDPE Low density polyethylene MDPE Medium density polyethylene PA Polyamid
28、e PAI Polyamide-imides PCTFE Polychlorotrifluoro-ethylene PE Polyethylene PEI Polyether-imides PEEK Polyether-etherketones PEX Cross-linked polyethylene PFA Perfluoralkoxides POM Polyoximethylene PP Polypropylene PP-B Polypropylene heterophasic copolymers PP-H Polypropylene homopolymers PP-R Polypro
29、pylene random copolymers PPS Polyphenylene sulfide PTFE Polytetrafluoro-ethylene PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride QC Quality control RGD Rapid gas decompression BS EN ISO 23936-1:2009ISO 23936-1:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 54 Functional requirements 4.1 General Materials selection shall be base
30、d on evaluation of compatibility with service environment, functionality under service and the design lifetime. The following shall be considered as appropriate to the requirements and evaluated when selecting a material for a specific application: a) adequate physical and mechanical properties at m
31、aximum and minimum temperature (hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus of elasticity, etc.); b) resistance to high pressure extrusion or creep at maximum temperature; c) resistance against rapid gas decompression at maximum temperature; d) resistance to thermal cycling and dynamic
32、movement; e) low temperature flexibility, as defined in ASTM D746 and ISO 178; f) long-term behaviour; g) gas permeation behaviour; h) chemical resistance to service environment. For load-carrying applications, special attention shall be paid on creep and cyclic mechanical loads. Typical chemical re
33、sistances of the most commonly used thermoplastics are listed in Annex A. 4.2 Pipelines, piping and liners 4.2.1 General The relevant thermoplastic materials in the field of pipelines, piping and liners for use in oil and gas production include Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), Polyvinylidene f
34、luoride (PVDF) and Polyamide (PA). Thermoplastic materials based on other monomers may also be used. 4.2.2 Polyethylene (PE) Polyethylene (PE) is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer. There are different types of PE used in the field of oil and gas production: LDPE (low density polyethylene); MD
35、PE (medium density polyethylene); HDPE (high density polyethylene). PEX is the abbreviation for cross-linked PE. Cross-linking is usually performed by peroxides (PEXa), silanes (PEXb) or irradiation (PEXc). Table 1 gives the characteristic properties of the different types of PE and those of PEX, to
36、gether with the related standards. BS EN ISO 23936-1:2009ISO 23936-1:2009(E) 6 ISO 2009 All rights reservedTable 1 Characteristic properties of PE/PEX Property Density Melting point (DSC) Vicat A softening temperature Maximum operating temperaturedBrittleness temperature Impact strengthat 30 C (Char
37、py) g/cm3C C C C MPa Standard Type ISO 1183-2 ISO 11357-1 to ISO 11357-6 ISO 306 ASTM D746 ISO 179-1LDPE 0,910 to 0,925 0,932a90 to 120 80 to 105 40 100 C). Brine 0 to 60aAs for H2S. Acids, bases 0 to 60aNo effect from inorganic non-oxidizing acids or bases. Formic and acetic acid have no effect up
38、to 60 % concentration. Surface-active compounds (inhibitors, emulsifiers, demulsifiers) 0 to 60cStress corrosion cracking has to be considered and tested accordingly. Cross-linked PE types are more stable. Sulfur solvents: amines 0 to 60aCross-linked types are more stable. spindle oil, diesel 0 to 6
39、0cEffects like the corresponding crudes. disulfides 0 to 60c NOTE Cross-linking of PE generally improves the resistance to degradation by chemical interactions. aProven applicability. bLimited applicability. cTesting required. dTemperature limitations relate to HDPE. BS EN ISO 23936-1:2009ISO 23936-
40、1:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 17Table A.2 Polypropylenes (PP) Environmental condition(s) Medium/Media TemperatureC Description H2S 0 to 80aNo influence of H2S on stability of PP in the temperature range of 0 C to 110 C. CO20 to 80aAs for H2S. HC/crude aliphatics, aliphatic oils 0 to 60a, b
41、HC/crude aromatics, aromatic oils 0 to 20cSwelling and permeation strongly influence the physical properties. HC/crude naphthenics, HC/crude cycloaliphatics, cycloaliphatic oils 0 to 20cAs for aromatics: dissolution at higher temperatures. Brine 0 to 80a Acids, bases 0 to 80aNo effect from inorganic
42、 non-oxidizing acids or bases. Formic and acetic acid have no effect up to 60 % concentration. Surface-active compounds (inhibitors, emulsifiers, demulsifiers) 0 to 80a, bStress corrosion cracking has to be considered and tested accordingly. Sulfur solvents: amines 0 to 70a spindle oil, diesel 0 to
43、70cEffects like the corresponding crudes. disulfides 0 to 60c aProven applicability. bLimited applicability. cTesting required. BS EN ISO 23936-1:2009ISO 23936-1:2009(E) 18 ISO 2009 All rights reservedTable A.3 Polyamide 11 (PA 11) and Polyamide 12 (PA 12) Environmental condition(s) Medium/Media Tem
44、perature C Description H2S, CO20 to 70aNo influence of H2S on stability of PA 11 or PA 12 in typical temperature range of oil and gas transport (0 C to 90 C). If presence of water cannot be excluded in all cases, PA 11 and PA 12 (which undergo hydrolysis at temperatures above 80 C) cannot be recomme
45、nded for higher temperatures. HC/crude aliphatics, aliphatic oils 0 to 70a HC/crude aromatics, aromatic oils 0 to 70c HC/crude naphthenics, HC/crude cycloaliphatics, cycloaliphatic oils 0 to 70c Brine 0 to 70aAt higher temperatures, hydrolysis occurs. Acids b Acid degradation. Bases b Degradation by
46、 hydrolysis. Surface-active compounds (inhibitors, emulsifiers, demulsifiers) 0 to 70c Sulfur solvents: amines bLoss of mechanical properties. spindle oil, diesel 0 to 70a disulfides 0 to 70c aProven applicability. bNot recommended. cTesting required. BS EN ISO 23936-1:2009ISO 23936-1:2009(E) ISO 20
47、09 All rights reserved 19Table A.4 Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) Environmental condition(s) Medium/Media TemperatureC Description H2S, CO20 to 90aNo influence of H2S on stability of PVDF in typical temperature range of oil and gas transport (0 C to 90 C). HC/crude aliphatics, aliphatic oils 0 to 13
48、0a HC/crude aromatics, aromatic oils 0 to 130a HC/crude naphthenics, HC/crude cycloaliphatics, cycloaliphatic oils 0 to 130a Brine 0 to 130a Acids 0 to 80a Bases b Surface-active compounds (inhibitors, emulsifiers, demulsifiers) 0 to 60cInhibitors like functional amines can degrade PVDF. Sulfur solv
49、ents: amines bCross-linked types are more stable. spindle oil, diesel 0 to 130aEffects like the corresponding crudes. disulfides 0 to 80c aProven applicability. bNot recommended. cTesting required. BS EN ISO 23936-1:2009ISO 23936-1:2009(E) 20 ISO 2009 All rights reservedAnnex B (normative) Test media, conditions, equipment, procedures and test report requirements SAFETY PRECAUTIONS The test procedures involve the use of pressurized fluids, whi
