1、BSI Standards PublicationConverter transformersPart 3: Application guideBS IEC 61378-3:2015National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of IEC 61378-3:2015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PEL/14, Power transformers.A list of organization
2、s represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978
3、 0 580 89736 8ICS 29.180Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2015. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH S
4、TANDARDBS IEC 61378-3:2015IEC 61378-3 Edition 2.0 2015-02 INTERNATIONALSTANDARD NORMEINTERNATIONALE Converter transformers Part 3: Application guide Transformateurs de conversion Partie 3: Guide dapplication INTERNATIONALELECTROTECHNICALCOMMISSION COMMISSIONELECTROTECHNIQUEINTERNATIONALE ICS 29.180
5、ISBN 978-2-8322-2233-1 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette
6、 publication via un distributeur agr. 2 IEC 61378-3:2015 IEC 2015 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 6 INTRODUCTION . 8 0.1 General . 8 0.2 Rating data (Clause 5) 8 0.3 Winding configurations (Clause 6) . 8 0.4 Tappings and impedances (Clause 7) 8 0.5 Insulation aspects and dielectric tests (Clause 8) . 9 0.6 Loss
7、es (Clause 9) . 9 0.7 Core and sound aspects (Clause 10) . 9 0.8 Transformer specification (Clause 11) 9 0.9 Short circuit considerations (Clause 12) . 9 0.10 Components (Clause 13) . 10 0.11 Maintenance (Clause 14) . 10 0.12 Monitoring and on-site investigations (Clause 15) 10 0.13 Additional sourc
8、es of information . 10 1 Scope 11 2 Normative references. 11 3 Terms and definitions 11 4 Symbols and abbreviations 11 5 Rating data 12 6 Winding configurations . 13 6.1 General . 13 6.2 Industrial applications . 15 6.2.1 Rectifier . 15 6.2.2 Voltage regulation 16 6.2.3 Autotransformer design 17 6.3
9、 HVDC applications 22 6.3.1 Different types of transformer arrangement . 22 6.3.2 Winding arrangements . 23 6.3.3 Consideration of impedance mutual impedance . 24 7 Tappings and impedances HVDC applications . 25 7.1 Value of impedance . 25 7.2 Variability of impedance 25 8 Insulation aspects and die
10、lectric tests 26 8.1 Hybrid insulation systems 26 8.1.1 General . 26 8.1.2 Hybrid insulation for converter transformers 27 8.2 Dielectric tests 28 8.2.1 General . 28 8.2.2 Dielectric safety margins in long term d.c. and polarity reversal testing . 30 8.2.3 Comments on the dielectric test procedures
11、31 9 Losses 33 9.1 General . 33 9.1.1 General considerations 33 9.1.2 Losses and frequency 34 BS IEC 61378-3:2015IEC 61378-3:2015 IEC 2015 3 9.1.3 Current sharing, losses and hot spot in high current windings . 35 9.1.4 Current harmonics . 35 9.1.5 Transformers with three or more windings wound on t
12、he same core limb . 36 9.1.6 Dual frequency testing of HVDC transformers . 41 9.1.7 Transformers with more than one active part in the same tank 43 9.1.8 Transformers connected to a voltage source converter . 44 9.2 Thermal tests 44 9.2.1 General . 44 9.2.2 Calculation of test currents and losses fo
13、r industrial transformers . 44 9.2.3 Calculation of losses and test currents for HVDC transformers 44 9.2.4 Considerations on the hot spot and limits of the thermal tests . 45 9.2.5 Considerations on temperature rise test of industrial transformers . 45 9.2.6 Tank hot spots in industrial transformer
14、s 46 10 Core and sound aspects 46 10.1 Core . 46 10.1.1 Constructional features 46 10.1.2 Effect of harmonics on transformer active part cores . 47 10.1.3 DC bias voltage effect on main active part cores . 47 10.1.4 Summary about cores 48 10.2 Sound . 48 10.2.1 General . 48 10.2.2 Fundamental consid
15、erations . 49 11 Transformer specification . 50 11.1 General . 50 11.2 Technical specification versus functional specifications 51 11.2.1 General . 51 11.2.2 Technical specifications . 51 11.2.3 Functional specifications 51 11.3 HVDC transformer specifications . 51 11.4 Notes and comments on specifi
16、cation items to be provided individually by purchaser and supplier 52 11.5 Information to be provided by the purchaser or by the system designer 52 11.5.1 General description 52 11.5.2 System data . 52 11.5.3 Environmental data 53 11.5.4 Performance requirements . 53 11.5.5 Testing requirements . 55
17、 11.5.6 Sequence of factory tests . 57 11.5.7 Site tests . 57 11.5.8 Design and construction requirements 58 11.5.9 Auxiliary equipment 58 11.5.10 Availability and measures to minimize service downtime . 60 11.6 Information to be provided by the supplier . 60 11.6.1 General . 60 11.6.2 General descr
18、iption 60 11.6.3 Performance data 60 11.6.4 Supplementary data . 61 11.7 Quality assurance and test program . 63 11.8 Availability and measures to minimize service downtime 63 BS IEC 61378-3:2015 4 IEC 61378-3:2015 IEC 2015 12 Short circuit considerations 63 13 Components 67 13.1 On-load tap-changer
19、s 67 13.1.1 General . 67 13.1.2 Converters for industrial applications 67 13.1.3 Converter for HVDC applications 68 13.2 Valve-side bushings 68 13.2.1 General . 68 13.2.2 Station layout . 69 13.2.3 Technical considerations 69 13.2.4 Bushing types 69 13.2.5 Testing 69 14 Maintenance 71 14.1 General .
20、 71 14.2 Oil 72 14.2.1 General . 72 14.2.2 Oil quality and transformer quality indicators . 73 14.3 Insulation quality . 73 14.3.1 General . 73 14.3.2 Oil sampling requirements 74 14.3.3 Oil tests . 75 14.3.4 Oil handling, storage and treatment 76 14.3.5 Oil preservation systems 76 14.4 Tap-changers
21、 77 14.5 Accessories and fittings . 79 15 Monitoring . 79 15.1 General . 79 15.2 Transformer condition assessment in service . 80 15.3 Types of monitor . 80 15.3.1 General . 80 15.3.2 Oil condition monitoring 80 15.3.3 Off-line condition assessment . 81 15.3.4 On and off-line monitors . 81 15.3.5 Ex
22、pert systems 83 15.3.6 Fingerprinting. 83 15.4 Monitoring summary 84 16 Design review of converter transformers 84 16.1 General . 84 16.2 Scheduling and confidentiality . 85 16.3 Subject for design review 86 16.3.1 General . 86 16.3.2 System information 86 16.3.3 Environmental Information 87 16.3.4
23、Transformer specific requirements 87 Bibliography . 91 Figure 1 Bridge connection for six-pulse arrangement . 14 BS IEC 61378-3:2015IEC 61378-3:2015 IEC 2015 5 Figure 2 Bridge connection for twelve-pulse arrangement . 14 Figure 3 Transformer connections star-delta and star-star or alternatively, del
24、ta-delta and delta-star to give a 30 electrical degree separation between the valve-side voltages 14 Figure 4 15 phase shifting is preferably realized by extended delta or zigzag connection 15 Figure 5 Double-star connection . 15 Figure 6 Typical connection of transductors 16 Figure 7 Autotransforme
25、r concept for open phases with coarse and fine regulation steps 17 Figure 8 Conventional autotransformer concept for closed phases with coarse and fine regulation steps . 18 Figure 9 Conventional autotransformer concept for closed phases with multi coarse regulation . 19 Figure 10 Booster autotransf
26、ormer concept for closed phases with coarse and fine regulation steps 20 Figure 11 Autotransformer concept for open phases with coarse and fine regulation steps 21 Figure 12 Transformer concept for closed phases with coarse and fine regulation steps 22 Figure 13 Two basic arrangements of the individ
27、ual windings of a two-winding transformer . 23 Figure 14 Mutual impedance 25 Figure 15 Typical impedance pattern 26 Figure 16 Components of a typical industrial converter transformer insulating system 27 Figure 17 Insulation system, equivalent R-C circuit . 29 Figure 18 Voltage distribution before a
28、nd immediately after polarity reversal . 30 Figure 19 a.c./d.c. conversion Simplified sketch . 32 Figure 20 Leakage fields for a three-winding transformer with closely coupled valve windings . 38 Figure 21 Leakage fields for a three-winding transformer with decoupled valve windings . 39 Figure 22 Le
29、akage fields for a three winding transformer with loosely coupled double concentric valve windings . 40 Figure 23 Leakage fields for a three winding transformer with loosely coupled double-tier valve windings . 41 Figure 24 Short-circuit fault conditions in rectifier bridge . 64 Figure 25 Arrangemen
30、t of valve bushings . 70 Figure 26 Examples of a.c., d.c. and combined electric field dispositions adjacent to HVDC bushings and associated electric insulation systems . 71 Table 1 Arrangements of two windings . 24 Table 2 Data for calculation of load losses with harmonic currents 43 Table 3 Monitor
31、ing types 82 BS IEC 61378-3:2015 6 IEC 61378-3:2015 IEC 2015 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ CONVERTER TRANSFORMERS Part 3: Application guide FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotec
32、hnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specification
33、s, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, g
34、overnmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisio
35、ns or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for internat
36、ional use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order
37、 to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clear
38、ly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bo
39、dies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, proper
40、ty damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in th
41、is publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any o
42、r all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 61378-3 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 14: Power transformers. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2006 and constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technic
43、al changes with respect to the previous edition: a) revision of clause on losses to reflect the changes introduced by the second edition of IEC 61378-1; b) addition of a new clause about design review of converter transformer for both industrial and HVDC applications; c) addition of content for tran
44、sformer connected to voltage source converters; d) reference to the work of CIGRE JWG A2/B4.28 on HVDC transformers. BS IEC 61378-3:2015IEC 61378-3:2015 IEC 2015 7 The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 14/803/FDIS 14/808/RVD Full information on the voti
45、ng for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts in the IEC 61378 series, published under the general title Converter transformers, can be f
46、ound on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, with
47、drawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. BS IEC 61378-3:2015 8 IEC 61378-3:2015 IEC 2015 INTRODUCTION 0.1 General IEC 61378 series is written in three parts: Part 1 applies to transformers associated with general “Industrial“ converter uses. (Copper making, aluminium smelting and the electr
48、olysis of certain gases). Part 2 applies to transformers required for HVDC applications. Part 3 is this application guide which contains the topic headings described in 0.2 to 0.13. The scope of IEC 61378-1 is limited to application of power converters of any power rating. Typical applications are:
49、thyristor rectifiers for electrolysis; diode rectifiers for electrolysis; thyristor rectifiers for large drives; thyristor rectifiers for scrap melting furnaces, and diode rectifiers feeding inverters for variable speed drives. The standard also covers the regulating unit utilized in such application as step down regulating transformers or autotransformers. The valve winding highest voltage for equipment is limited to 36 kV. IEC 61378-2 cov
