1、BRITISH STANDARD BSISO 10054:1998 Internal combustion compression-ignition engines Measurement apparatus for smoke from engines operating under steady-state conditions Filter type smokemeter ICS 13.040.50; 27.020BSISO10054:1998 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the En
2、gineering SectorCommittee, was publishedunder the authority ofthe Standards Committee andcomes into effect on 15 November1998 BSI 05-1999 ISBN 0 580 30742 5 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO10054:1998 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation i
3、n its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/22, Engines for road vehicles, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK i
4、nterests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications r
5、eferred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of
6、 a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theISO title page, pages
7、 ii to iv, pages1 to14 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSISO10054:1998 BSI 05-1999 i Cont
8、ents Page National foreword Inside front cover Foreword iii Text of ISO 10054 1ii blankBSISO10054:1998 ii BSI 05-1999 Contents Page Foreword iii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Definition 1 4 Symbols 1 5 Measurement principle 2 6 Characteristics of filter-type smokemeters 2 6.1 Reference condit
9、ions 2 6.2 General specifications 2 6.3 Parameters 4 7 Information required from manufacturer 5 8 Operating conditions of filter-type smokemeter 6 8.1 Installation of filter-type smokemeter 6 8.2 Sampling procedure 6 9 Maintenance of filter-type smokemeter functional ability 6 10 Verification of typ
10、es of filter-type smokemeters 7 10.1 Applicable procedures 7 10.2 Instrumentation and checking facilities for verification 7 10.3 Checking for verification 7 10.4 Measurements and calculations for verification 8 10.5 Cleanliness of gas in dead volume 8 10.6 Temperature at end of sampling 8 10.7 Repr
11、esentative sampling 9 10.8 Uniform blackening of filter area 9 10.9 Reflectometer characteristics 9 10.10 Filter characteristics 10 10.11 Calibration screen 10 10.12 Accuracy of reflectometer system 10 10.13 Statistical methods 10 Annex A (normative) Equipment for checking leakage and actual suction
12、 volume of filter-type smokemeter 11 A.1 General description 11 A.2 Specification of equipment necessary 11 A.3 Preparatory steps 11 A.4 Test procedure for checking leak-tightness and actual suction volume 13 A.5 Test procedure for checking nominal suction volume 13 Annex B (informative) Bibliograph
13、y 14 Figure A.1 12 Table A.1 Procedure for preparation 13 Table A.2 Procedure for checking leakage and actual suction volume 13 Descriptors: Road vehicles, internal combustion engines, diesel engines, exhaust gases, exhaust emissions, measurement, measuring instruments, specifications, operating req
14、uirements, tests, verification.BSISO10054:1998 BSI 05-1999 iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical com
15、mittees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
16、 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least75% of the memb
17、er bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO10054 was prepared jointly by Technical Committees ISO/TC22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC5, Engine tests and ISO/TC70, Internal combustion engines, Subcommittee SC5, Special requirements. Annex A forms an integral part of this International Stand
18、ard. Annex B is for information only.iv blank BSI 05-1999 1 BSISO10054:1998 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the characteristics required for apparatus to measure the soot content from the exhaust gas of reciprocating internal combustion compression-ignition (diesel) engines operating u
19、nder steady-state conditions according to the method of blackening a filter. These measuring apparatus are called “Filter-Type Smokemeters”. This International Standard does not deal with apparatus for measurement under transient conditions; if filter-type smokemeters are used under transient condit
20、ions, the results of different types of instruments cannot be compared unless sampling conditions are identical. This International Standard does not apply to engines for aircraft. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute pro
21、visions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the stand
22、ards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO534:1988, Paper and board Determination of thickness and apparent bulk density or apparent sheet density. ISO2602:1980, Statistical interpretation of test results Estimation of the mean Con
23、fidence interval. ISO2758:, Paper Determination of bursting strength 1) . ISO/CIE10526:1991, CIE standard colorimetric illuminants. IEC584-1:1995, Thermocouples Part1:Reference tables. IEC584-2:1982, Thermocouples Part2:Tolerances. CIE38:1977, Radiometric and photometric characteristics of materials
24、 and their measurement. CIE64:1984, Determination of the spectral responsitivity of optical radiation detectors. CIE69:1987, Methods of characterizing illuminance meters and luminance meters: performance, characteristics and specifications. ANSI/ASTM D2156, Method of test for smoke density in the fl
25、ue gases from distillate fuels. DIN5036-1:1978, Radiometric and photometric properties of materials; definitions characteristics. DIN5036-3:1979, Radiometric and photometric properties of materials; methods of measurement for photometric and spectral radiometric characteristics. JIS D8004:1986, Refl
26、ection type smokemeters for automobile diesel engine (an English translation exists of the1971 edition). 3 Definition For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definition applies. 3.1 soot all components contained in the exhaust gas which blacken the filter 4 Symbols The followi
27、ng symbols are used in this International Standard. 1) To be published. (Revision of ISO2758:1983) A F is the effective filter area (see6.2.1.3, 6.3.3 and10.4.4) A s is the cross-section of the sampling system at any point (see6.2.4) FSN is the filter smoke number (see6.3.2) i is the index of identi
28、fication of single areas (see10.8) L F is the effective filtered column length, i.e.the length of the exhaust gas column passing through the filter (see6.3.4) R9 b is the reflectometer value of the blackened filter (visual) (see6.3.1 and6.3.2) R9 c is the reflectometer value of the clean filter (vis
29、ual) (see6.3.1) R9 r is the relative reflectometer value of the blackened filter (see6.3.1 and6.3.2) R9 ri is the relative reflectometer value of part i of the blackened filter (see10.8) t is the suction time (see6.2.4 and10.4) is the mean gas velocity (see6.2.4) V D is the dead volume of the sampli
30、ng system (see6.2.1.2, 6.3.4 and10.4.2) V E is the effective suction volume (see6.3.4) V L is the leak volume (see6.2.5, 6.3.4 andA.4) V N is the nominal suction volume (see6.2.4, 6.3.3 and6.3.4 and10.4.1) VBSISO10054:1998 2 BSI 05-1999 5 Measurement principle For smoke measurement with a filter-typ
31、e smokemeter, a certain amount of exhaust gas is taken from the exhaust pipe through a sampling pipe and drawn through a filter with a certain area. Thus blackening of the filter is caused by the soot contained in a gas column of a certain length. The blackening of the filter is evaluated by calcula
32、tion from the optical reflectance of the blackened filter relative to a clean filter. The degree of blackening is expressed as the filter smoke number (FSN) and is calculated according to the formula given in6.3.2. The filter-type smokemeter does not measure white or blue smoke. If water is injected
33、 into the exhaust system, then measurement or sampling can only be made up-stream of the point of water injection. 6 Characteristics of filter-type smokemeters 6.1 Reference conditions For practical engine testing, it is convenient to use a reference pressure of ambient and a reference temperature o
34、f 298K (25C). This is because in current practice filter-type smokemeters measure at approximately ambient pressure and the effects of ambient conditions on the performance of an engine in producing smoke and the effects of the ambient conditions on the reading of the smokemeter are not separated. S
35、uch separation would also involve large corrections to meter readings when measurements are made at attitude, and the correction method for this is at present not firmly established. However, if absolute comparison of two exhaust gases is required (ignoring any effects of conditions on engine perfor
36、mance), then a reference pressure of100kPa and a reference temperature of298K shall be used. NOTE 1At the reference conditions for engine performance in ISO1585 and ISO3046-1 (engine air inlet pressure of100kPa), the absolute and the practical units coincide. The reference length of the exhaust gas
37、column shall be405mm (for definition of the effective length of the exhaust gas column for a given apparatus, see6.3.4). 6.2 General specifications Deviations from the following specifications are allowed providing either equivalence can be proved or corrections provided. Claims for such corrections
38、 shall be validated in the verification including an assurance that their validity can be maintained in service. 6.2.1 Probe and sampling system 6.2.1.1 Probe design The probe design shall be such that a) it takes a representative sample of the exhaust gas (at about the centre of the cross-section o
39、f the exhaust system at the probe entrance; see 8.1.1) with a minimum increase of back pressure; b) there is no net flow of exhaust gas into the probe opening(s) except when sampling; c) the inner diameter within the whole length of the sampling system upstream of the filter is not smaller than3mm.
40、6.2.1.2 Dead volume, V D The dead volume is the total volume from the probe entrance to the filter surface; it shall not exceed15% of the nominal suction volume for the normal probe and sampling lines. Where alternative probes and/or sampling lines are provided by the manufacturer (e.g.for large-eng
41、ine application), the dead volume may exceed 15% but shall not exceed40%; and the manufacturer shall provide data for correcting measured values to the reference effective length of405mm. In all cases the dead volume shall be filled with clean gas prior to sampling. 6.2.1.3 Clamping device design Th
42、e inner diameter of the upstream part of the filter clamping device is considered as defining the effective filter area. This diameter shall not be more than 35mm and not less then15mm. The inner diameter of the downstream part shall be equal to or not more than0,5mm larger than the inner diameter o
43、f the upstream part and the coaxiality of the two inner diameters shall be within0,2mm or0,7% of the inner diameter of the upstream part, whichever is smaller. To limit the influence of a chamfer on the inner edge of the filter clamping device, this chamfer shall not be larger than0,2mm or0,7% of th
44、e inner diameter, whichever is smaller. 6.2.2 Filter surface blackening By appropriate design, it shall be ensured that homogeneous flow (uniform blackening) over the whole of the effective filter area is obtained. The variations of blackening over the filter area shall comply with the specification
45、s given in10.8. BSI 05-1999 3 BSISO10054:1998 6.2.3 Blackened filter evaluation The reflectometer value (according to CIE38 or DIN5036-1) shall be determined over a representative area of the effective filter area, such that the value measured is within 0.05FSN plus3% of the average of the central80
46、% of the effective filter area. 6.2.4 Sampling system flow In order to avoid undue deposition of soot, the mean gas velocity during sampling at any point of the sampling system upstream of the filter shall not be less than0,1m/s when the filter is clean. The mean gas velocity at any point is determi
47、ned with the equation: The suction time, t, for apparatus with piston pumps is the time from the first movement of the piston until the pressure in the sampling chamber has returned to within 1kPa (10mbar) of the mean static pressure at the inlet of the probe when sampling smoke of between3FSN and4F
48、SN. If the pressure returns to within 1kPa of this pressure before the end of the stroke, then the suction time shall be taken as the time of movement of the piston. The suction time, t, for apparatus with pumps having constant delivery or any other suction device is the time from starting the pumpi
49、ng action until the pressure in the sampling system downstream of the filter has returned to within 1kPa (10mbar) of the mean static pressure at the inlet of the probe when sampling smoke of between3FSN and4FSN. If the pressure returns to within 1kPa of this pressure before stopping the pumping action, then the suction time shall be taken as the time between start and stop of the pumping action. At the end of the sampling, at least95% of the gas mass corresponding to the actual effective length shall have passed through the filter. The end of sa
