1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 10068:2012Mechanical vibration and shock Mechanical impedance of the human hand-arm system at the driving pointBS ISO 10068:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis Brit
2、ish Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 10068:2012. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee GME/21/6, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring - Human exposure to mechanical vibration and shock.A list of organizations represented on this committee
3、 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012.ISBN 978 0 580 75208 7 ICS 13.160 C
4、ompliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 10068:2012 ISO 2012Mechanica
5、l vibration and shock Mechanical impedance of the human hand-arm system at the driving pointVibrations et chocs mcaniques Impdance mcanique du systme main-bras au point dentreINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO10068Second edition2012-12-01Reference numberISO 10068:2012(E)BS ISO 10068:2012ISO 10068:2012(E)ii I
6、SO 2012 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from e
7、ither ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 10068:2012ISO 10068:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights rese
8、rved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Terms and definitions . 23 Mechanical impedance of the hand-arm system at the driving point . 24 Applicability of values of impedance 85 Applications 105.1 General 105.2 Evaluation of the transmissibility of resilient materials when loaded b
9、y the hand-arm system 105.3 Models of the hand-arm system 115.4 Estimation of power absorbed in the hand-arm system and its frequency dependence 11Annex A (normative) Reference values for the zh-component of the mechanical impedance of the hand-arm system .12Annex B (informative) Model 114Annex C (i
10、nformative) Model 2 19Annex D (informative) Model 3 .24Annex E (informative) Model of the gloved hand-arm system 29Annex F (informative) Examples of frequency dependence derived from vibration power absorption .32Annex G (informative) Measurement of the mechanical impedance of the hand-arm system .3
11、6Bibliography .37BS ISO 10068:2012ISO 10068:2012(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each
12、 member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Internationa
13、l Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards a
14、dopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of pa
15、tent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 10068 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring, Subcommittee SC 4, Human exposure to mechanical vibration and shock.This second edition cancels
16、 and replaces the first edition (ISO 10068:1998), of which it constitutes a technical revision. The second edition includes the results of measurements of hand-arm impedance conducted since publication of the first edition, and it includes new models for apparent mass and mechanical impedance. The m
17、odels now possess anatomic compatibility, and identify components for the fingers, palm, wrist and arm, and upper body. A model of the hand-arm system is provided when a glove is worn to estimate the transmissibility of vibration from a vibrating handle to the surface of the hand. The frequency depe
18、ndency of the vibration power absorbed by the hand-arm system and by structures within the hand-arm system (i.e. fingers, palm and wrist, and arm) is also included. Information on methods for measuring the mechanical impedance of the hand-arm system is also provided in an annex.iv ISO 2012 All right
19、s reservedBS ISO 10068:2012ISO 10068:2012(E)IntroductionThe mechanical impedance of the human hand-arm system at the driving point provides a measure of the overall biodynamic properties of the hand-arm system in specified conditions. When the hands are coupled to a vibrating tool or machine, the dy
20、namic behaviour of the tool or machine could be affected by the biodynamic properties of the hand-arm system. Therefore, the mechanical impedance can be used to help design or develop:a) power tools, and tool handles;b) vibration-reducing and protective devices;c) testing apparatus with which to mea
21、sure the handle vibration of power tools.Values of the mechanical impedance can be used to establish mechanical-equivalent models of the hand-arm system. The models can be used to analyse the vibration of tools and anti-vibration devices, and to guide the construction of testing apparatus. The model
22、s can also be used to estimate biodynamic responses such as vibration power absorption and biodynamic forces acting at the hand-tool interfaces. Such knowledge can be used to help understand the mechanisms of vibration-induced disorders and discomfort, and to help develop frequency weightings for as
23、sessing these effects. The establishment of typical values for human hand-arm impedance will foster these applications.The response of the hand-arm system to vibration depends not only on the mechanical properties of the hand and arm, but also on the coupling between the hand and the vibrating surfa
24、ce. The major factors that could influence the response are as follows: direction of vibration with respect to the hand-arm system; geometry of the object grasped; forces exerted by the hand on the object; hand and arm postures; individual differences, such as tissue properties and anthropometric ch
25、aracteristics of the hand-arm system; vibration magnitude, because of the nonlinear properties of tissues.The forces exerted by the hand are usually described in terms of the grip force and feed force. The latter is often called the “thrust”, “push” or “press” force.In this International Standard, t
26、ypical values for the mechanical impedance of the hand-arm system measured at the driving point of one bare hand are provided. They have been derived from the results of impedance measurements performed on groups of live male subjects by different investigators. Insufficient data are available from
27、independent sources to specify hand-arm impedances for females.There are large differences between the mean values of impedance reported in studies conducted independently, under nominally equivalent conditions. The variations have dictated the form in which the standardized male hand-arm impedance
28、is presented. The most probable values of impedance modulus and phase are defined, as a function of frequency, by upper and lower envelopes, which encompass the mean values of all accepted data sets at each frequency. The envelopes have been constructed from segmental cubic spline functions, and def
29、ine, at each frequency, the range of accepted values of the male hand-arm impedance. The mean of the accepted data sets, and standard deviation of the mean, are defined as a function of frequency, and represent the target values for all applications of this International Standard.No impedance modulu
30、s or phase presented as a function of frequency in this International Standard corresponds precisely to the mean value measured in a single investigation involving human subjects, at all frequencies. ISO 2012 All rights reserved vBS ISO 10068:2012BS ISO 10068:2012Mechanical vibration and shock Mecha
31、nical impedance of the human hand-arm system at the driving point1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies the mechanical impedance of the human male hand-arm system at the driving point. Values of the impedance, expressed as modulus and phase, are provided for three orthogonal, translatory direc
32、tions of excitation that correspond to the xh-, yh- and zh-axes of the basicentric coordinate system.NOTE 1 The basicentric coordinate system is defined in ISO 5349-12and ISO 8727.5The xh-, yh- and zh-components of impedance are defined as a function of frequency, from 10 Hz to 500 Hz, for specified
33、 arm positions, grip and feed forces, handle diameters, and intensities of excitation. The components of impedance in the three directions are treated as being independent.This International Standard can be used to define typical values of the mechanical impedance of the hand-arm system at the drivi
34、ng point, applicable to males under the circumstances specified. This International Standard can provisionally be applied to females.Reference values of the mechanical impedance at the driving point are provided as a function of frequency for a specified grip and feed force.NOTE 2 See Annex A.These
35、impedance values are intended for the determination of the transmissibility of resilient materials when loaded by the hand-arm system.Mathematical representations of the hand-arm system that model the mean values of apparent mass or impedance are provided.NOTE 3 See Annexes B to D.A gloved hand-arm
36、model is described, and the frequency dependence of vibration power absorption in the hand-arm system is also provided.NOTE 4 See Annexes E and F.To help conduct further measurement of the mechanical impedance, especially for circumstances that are not specified in this International Standard, infor
37、mation on the measurement of mechanical impedance is provided.NOTE 5 See Annex G.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10068:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 10068:2012ISO 10068:2012(E)2 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.2.1mechanical
38、impedance of the hand-arm system at the driving pointZhcomplex ratio of the dynamic force F acting on the hand contact surface and the vibration velocity input v to the hand, given by the equation Zh() = F()/v() Equation (1), where is the vibration frequency in radians per secondNOTE 1 The mechanica
39、l impedance can be derived from the apparent mass Mhof the hand-arm system, which is defined as the complex ratio of the dynamic force and the vibration acceleration a and is expressed by the equation Mh() = F()/a() Equation (2).NOTE 2 The relationship between the mechanical impedance and the appare
40、nt mass can be expressed by the equation Zh() = jMh() Equation (3), wherej=1NOTE 3 These biodynamic response functions are generally complex, i.e. they possess real and imaginary parts, which can be expressed as modulus and phase.3 Mechanical impedance of the hand-arm system at the driving pointThe
41、modulus and phase of the mechanical impedance of the hand-arm system at the driving point are given in Tables 1 to 3 and (for illustration) in Figures 1 to 3 at one-third-octave band centre frequencies, for three orthogonal directions of excitation. The directions correspond to the xh-, yh- and zh-a
42、xes of the basicentric coordinate system for the hand (see Figure 5). Each table and figure contains three values of modulus and phase at each frequency, for each direction of motion, to reflect the range of values measured on male hands. The upper and lower values define the range of most probable
43、values of impedance. The third value represents an overall mean of the human data, and defines the target value for all applications. The upper and lower limiting values at each frequency encompass the mean values of all data sets selected, and are shown by bold continuous curves in Figures 1 to 3.
44、The central value at each frequency, shown by dashed curves in Figures 1 to 3, provides an estimate of the mean of all data sets selected, and forms the target value for all applications.Numerical values are quoted up to three significant figures for the purposes of calculation, and do not reflect t
45、he precision of knowledge of the hand-arm impedance. Linear interpolation is permitted to obtain impedance values at frequencies other than those listed in Tables 1 to 3.Applications that generate or employ values of impedance between the upper and lower limits at any frequency satisfy the requireme
46、nts of this International Standard, and represent the group mean of the male hand-arm mechanical impedance at that frequency, or frequencies.If an application only satisfies the requirements of this International Standard at certain frequencies, then those frequencies should be stated in any descrip
47、tion of the application.NOTE Because each set of the selected data represents the group mean of the individuals participating in the study, the impedance for a specific individual could be beyond the limits.2 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 10068:2012ISO 10068:2012(E)Table 1 Values of the mechani
48、cal impedance of the hand-arm system at the driving point in the xh-directionFrequency HzModulus Ns/mPhase degreesLower limit Mean Upper limit Lower limit Mean Upper limit10 24 38 59 36 53 6812,5 30 49 71 38 53 6916 33 54 80 38 53 7020 36 64 84 38 54 7125 43 72 104 38 57 7231,5 51 80 125 38 53 7340
49、62 95 154 37 53 7350 74 112 189 36 51 7063 90 140 233 33 47 6680 109 172 280 29 43 63100 120 199 300 23 37 60125 124 211 302 18 31 57160 123 210 294 11 29 52200 120 208 287 7 23 48250 119 189 287 6 24 45315 120 207 302 6 25 44400 134 224 360 8 26 45500 168 292 442 10 29 47 ISO 2012 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 10068:2012ISO 10068:2012(E)Table 2 Values of the mechanical impedance of the hand-arm system at the driving point in the yh-directionFrequency HzModulus Ns/mPhase degreesLower limit Mean Upper limit Lower limi
