1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationWheelchair containment andoccupant retention systems for accessible transport vehicles designed for use by both sitting and standing passengersPart 1: Systems for rearward-facing
2、 wheelchair-seated passengersBS ISO 10865-1:2012National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 10865-1:2012.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical CommitteeCH/173, Assistive products for persons with disability, to Subcommittee CH/173/1, Wheelchair
3、s.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012Published by BSI Stand
4、ards Limited 2012 ISBN 978 0 580 58966 9 ICS 11.180.10; 43.100Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2012.Amendments issued since publicatio
5、nDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 10865-1:2012 ISO 2012Wheelchair containment and occupant retention systems for accessible transport vehicles designed for use by both sitting and standing passengers Part 1: Systems for rearward-facing wheelchair-seated passengersProduits dassistance pour pe
6、rsonnes en situation de handicap et systmes dimmobilisation de fauteuil roulant, et de retenue des occupants pour les passagers assis sur les fauteuils roulants dos la route Partie 1: Systmes pour passagers en fauteuil roulant assis dos la routeINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO10865-1First edition2012-06-15
7、Reference numberISO 10865-1:2012(E)BS ISO 10865-1:2012ISO 10865-1:2012(E)ii ISO 2012 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanica
8、l, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublis
9、hed in SwitzerlandBS ISO 10865-1:2012ISO 10865-1:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope 12 Normative references . 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Design requirements 35 Performance requirements . 35.1 Static strength of wheelchair passenger space componen
10、ts . 35.2 Wheelchair movement . 45.3 Coefficient of friction of floor material 46 Information, identification and instruction requirements 46.1 Identification and labelling of RF-WPS components and subassemblies . 46.2 Instructions for installers 56.3 Instructions for vehicle operators 67 Documentat
11、ion of compliance . 6Annex A (normative) Specifications for dimensions and clear spaces for a rearward-facing wheelchair passenger space (RF-WPS) 8Annex B (normative) Test for wheelchair containment 11Annex C (normative) Static strength tests for wheelchair containment barriers .15Annex D (normative
12、) Specifications for surrogate wheelchairs 18Annex E (informative) Design guidelines .22Bibliography .27BS ISO 10865-1:2012ISO 10865-1:2012(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of prepa
13、ring International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in l
14、iaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of
15、technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is d
16、rawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 10865-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 173, Assistive products for persons with disability, Subcommi
17、ttee SC 1, Wheelchairs.ISO 10865 consists of the following parts, under the general title Wheelchair containment and occupant retention systems for accessible transport vehicles designed for use by both sitting and standing passengers: Part 1: Systems for rearward-facing wheelchair-seated passengers
18、The following parts are under preparation: Part 2: Systems for forward-facing wheelchair-seated passengersiv ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 10865-1:2012ISO 10865-1:2012(E)IntroductionProviding safe transportation for wheelchair-seated passengers in motor vehicles usually requires installation of
19、 aftermarket equipment to secure the wheelchair and provide passenger restraint during emergency vehicle manoeuvres and crash conditions that are appropriate to the size and travel conditions of the vehicle. ISO 10542-115establishes design and performance requirements and associated test methods for
20、 wheelchair tiedown and occupant restraint systems (WTORS) intended for use by forward-facing wheelchair-seated passengers in all types of motor vehicles that have been modified for use by people seated in wheelchairs. The provisions of ISO 10542-1 were based on the belief that WTORS manufacturers a
21、re not able to control the types of vehicles and travel modes in which most of their products are installed and used. Therefore ISO 10542-115requires frontal sled-impact testing of WTORS to nominal worst-case crash conditions of smaller vehicles, such as full-size vans and minivans, using a simulate
22、d crash acceleration/deceleration pulse that results in a change in sled speed (delta V) of 48 km/h.While this one-size-fits-all approach to WTORS crashworthiness testing is appropriate for equipment intended for general use in all types of motor vehicles, it generally leads to products that are ove
23、r designed for use in larger and heavier vehicles used primarily in low-speed intra-city transportation. This is particularly the case for larger accessible transit vehicles in which passengers are allowed to travel sitting as well as standing, hereafter referred to as accessible transit vehicles-si
24、tting and standing, or ATV-SS.Recognizing these different and significantly lower transportation safety requirements for ATV-SSs in a new standard can be expected to result in alternative solutions for safely transporting wheelchair-seated passengers in these vehicle environments. These solutions ar
25、e more compatible with operational needs (e.g. fixed-route schedules) of these transportation services and offer wheelchair users a greater level of usability and independence than is achieved with WTORS designed to comply with 48 km/h crash conditions. More specifically, accident/injury data for AT
26、V-SSs indicate that the frequencies of occupant fatalities and serious injuries per million passenger kilometres travelled are significantly lower than for smaller vehicles that travel at much higher speeds1. In fact, analysis of data from police reports of accidents involving fixed-route intra-city
27、 buses indicates that the likelihood of a collision event for these vehicles is sufficiently rare to justify basing performance requirements for safety equipment installed in these vehicles on accelerations and decelerations that occur during non-crash conditions, such as emergency vehicle manoeuvre
28、s, including sudden stopping, rapid acceleration, and turning corners at excessive speeds. Several studies have clearly demonstrated that ATV-SS accelerations that may result from such emergency manoeuvres are all below 1g23.Recognizing the different safety needs of ATV-SS passenger environments in
29、the early 1990s, many European countries456, as well as Canada and Australia7, began implementing rearward-facing wheelchair passenger stations (RF-WPS) for use by wheelchair-seated passengers travelling in these vehicles. In practice, the RF-WPS concept has been well received by both wheelchair use
30、rs and transit providers because of increased passenger independence, significantly reduced driver involvement and reductions in schedule delays78. However, from an injury-risk perspective, the concept is not ideal in several important ways. For example, some wheelchairs do not have brakes or may ha
31、ve defective brakes, allowing the wheelchair to have excessive movement. Also, some aisle-side barriers do not work effectively with some types of wheelchairs, such as scooters, and allow tipping or swerving of wheelchairs into the centre aisle during vehicle turning. Attempts to resolve these defic
32、iencies by some transporters have resulted in the addition of various types of auxiliary wheelchair securement straps that require driver intervention79. This nullifies a main advantage of the RF-WPS-independent vehicle access by the wheelchair user. Furthermore, many countries have no national stan
33、dards for the design, testing and installation of a RF-WPS, therefore misapplication of the rearward-facing concept may readily occur in practice.The purpose of this part of ISO 10865 is to establish minimum design and performance requirements for RF-WPS and to establish test methods for the perform
34、ance requirements. This will provide wheelchair-seated passengers using RF-WPS with a reasonable level of transportation safety while maintaining a high level of usability and independence during travel in ATV-SS.A fundamental principle behind the concept of an RF-WPS in ATV-SS is that correctly des
35、igned passive containment (which does not require the physical attachment of securement devices by the wheelchair user or vehicle operator) of an occupied wheelchair during normal travel and emergency vehicle manoeuvres is sufficient to provide a reasonable level of transportation safety to wheelcha
36、ir-seated passengers. This level of safety is comparable to that provided to other vehicle occupants, including standing passengers, who hold ISO 2012 All rights reserved vBS ISO 10865-1:2012ISO 10865-1:2012(E)onto stanchions and straps to resist movement during vehicle accelerations and deceleratio
37、ns. In this regard, a primary feature of RF-WPS required by this part of ISO 10865 is a forward excursion barrier (FEB) against which the wheelchair passenger backs their wheelchair upon entering the RF-WPS. The primary function of the FEB is to prevent forward movement of the wheelchair during vehi
38、cle decelerations of normal or emergency braking. However, if the wheelchair backrest and the back of the head of the wheelchair user are in close proximity to the FEB, this structure may also limit forward movement of the wheelchair passenger beyond that provided by the wheelchair backrest during e
39、mergency braking, or even in the rare event of a frontal collision. With regard to the latter, while the primary performance requirements for wheelchair containment set forth in Annex B are for non-collision vehicle accelerations and decelerations of less than 1g, Annex C specifies strength testing
40、of the FEB structure based on 3g wheelchair-plus-occupant loading.Lateral displacement, rotation or tipping of occupied wheelchairs in an RF-WPS are typically limited in one direction by the vehicle sidewall. Lateral displacement, rotation or tipping of the wheelchair into the centre aisle are typic
41、ally limited by a physical barrier, such as a vertical stanchion or horizontal padded arm or bar, referred to as a lateral excursion barrier, or LEB. However, in an effort to avoid being unnecessarily design restrictive, this part of ISO 10865 does not require or specify any particular structure to
42、limit displacement, rotation or tipping of the wheelchair toward the vehicle aisle. Rather, this part of ISO 10865 establishes performance requirements and associated test methods to assess whether the features of the RF-WPS sufficiently limit lateral wheelchair movement and tipping in this directio
43、n.Wheelchair movement toward the rear of the vehicle is limited in the passive mode by requiring minimum friction properties for the vehicle floor within the RF-WPS that generate friction forces on the tyres of wheels that have been locked by applying the wheelchair brakes or by the drive train of p
44、owered wheelchairs for which the power has been turned off during travel. Active resistance to rearward wheelchair movement may also be provided by implementing vehicle-anchored occupant retention and/or wheelchair containment devices, such as a pivoting padded bar, and/or by the wheelchair user gra
45、bbing a handhold within the RF-WPS that complies with geometry and location specifications of this part of ISO 10865. Use of a handhold and/or an active occupant retention device will also help limit rearward movement of the wheelchair passenger relative to the wheelchair seat during vehicle acceler
46、ations. If a specific RF-WPS design requires active application of an occupant retention and/or wheelchair containment device to pass the rearward wheelchair containment test of Annex B, it is important that a warning to use this device be clearly displayed in the RF-WPS.As indicated above, this par
47、t of ISO 10865 assumes that retention of the occupant in their wheelchair, which is important to minimize the risk of serious injuries, even in low-g non-crash events, depends largely on retention features provided by, and on, the wheelchair. The wheelchair backrest will generally provide sufficient
48、 retention during vehicle braking but, as previously noted, the FEB can further reduce forward occupant movement in the vehicle when the back and head of the wheelchair passenger are in close proximity to the FEB. Retention of the wheelchair passenger during lateral accelerations caused by vehicle t
49、urning is generally provided by wheelchair armrests and lateral torso postural supports that are customized components of the wheelchair seat, but may be augmented by LEBs. The use of wheelchair-mounted postural belts are important for passive occupant retention during vehicle accelerations and this practice is therefore encouraged by requirements for user warnings displayed in the RF-WPS. In addition, as noted above, this part of ISO 10865 allows RF-WPS to provide active vehicle-anchored passenger retention and wheelchair
