1、BS ISO 1144:2016Textiles Universal system fordesignating linear density (TexSystem)BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 1144:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 1144:2016.The UK participation i
2、n its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee TCI/24, Physical testing of textiles.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible
3、 for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 93540 4 ICS 59.080.01 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards P
4、olicy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 1144:2016 ISO 2016Textiles Universal system for designating linear density (Tex System)Textiles Systme universel de dsignation de la masse linique (systme Tex)INTERNATIO
5、NAL STANDARDISO1144Second edition2016-09-15Reference numberISO 1144:2016(E)BS ISO 1144:2016ISO 1144:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or u
6、tilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyr
7、ight officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 1144:2016ISO 1144:2016(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Characteristics of the system . 14 Units . 15 Notation . 2Annex A
8、 (informative) Conversion and rounding . 3Annex B (informative) Implementation of the tex system in trade and industry 9Bibliography .11 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 1144:2016ISO 1144:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federa
9、tion of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committ
10、ee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and t
11、hose intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2
12、 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the d
13、ocument will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms a
14、nd expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 38, Textil
15、es, Subcommittee SC 23, Fibres and yarns.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 1144:1973), of which it constitutes a minor revision. The changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:a) the content structure has been updated;b) some printing errors in Table A.3 (p
16、reviously Table 4) have been corrected.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 1144:2016ISO 1144:2016(E)IntroductionIt has long been customary to designate the coarseness or the fineness of textile yarns by numbering or counting systems. Many branches of the textile industry employ systems of their ow
17、n for this purpose, and those in current use may be classified in two groups.a) Direct systems, in which the coarseness or the fineness of the yarn is expressed in terms of the mass of yarn per unit length (linear density, often called yarn number or yarn titre).b) Indirect systems, in which the coa
18、rseness or the fineness of the yarn is expressed in terms of the length of yarn per unit mass (usually called yarn count).With the growing use of yarns containing more than one kind of fibre, and of fabrics containing these yarns, it became increasingly evident that the general adoption of a single
19、system of numbering or counting would avoid confusion and save time.In 1956, after detailed studies, it was agreed that the Tex System be recommended for international adoption in place of the various traditional methods of numbering or counting. That system is direct and based on metric units: orig
20、inally grams per kilometre (tex), milligrams per kilometre (millitex), and kilograms per kilometre (kilotex), with the addition of decigrams per kilometre (decitex) agreed in 1967. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 1144:2016BS ISO 1144:2016Textiles Universal system for designating linear density
21、(Tex System)1 ScopeThis International Standard gives the principles and recommended units of the Tex System for the expression of linear density and includes conversion tables for calculating the tex values of numbers or counts in other systems together with a statement of the procedure for the impl
22、ementation of the Tex System in trade and industry.The Tex System is applicable to all kinds of textile fibres, intermediate products (for example tops, slivers and rovings), yarns and similar structures.2 Normative referencesThere are no normative references in this document.3 Characteristics of th
23、e system3.1 This system, called the Tex System, is a direct system. It expresses the linear density, that is to say the mass of a certain length of the textile material.3.2 The system is decimal and employs metric units.3.3 The basic unit is the “tex”. The linear density in “tex” expresses the mass,
24、 in grams, of one kilometre of yarn1).It is realized that, at present, usage of the term linear density is limited to scientific and laboratory application but every effort should be made to ensure greater currency of it.4 UnitsThe multiple and sub-multiples of the tex unit recommended for use in pr
25、eference to other possible combinations are kilogram per kilometre, designated kilotex; decigram per kilometre, designated decitex; milligram per kilometre, designated millitex.Table 1 Tex systemRecommended unitsName Symbol Definitionmillitex mtex 1 mtex = 1 mg/km = 1 g/mdecitex dtex 1 dtex = 1 dg/k
26、m = 0,1 mg/mtex tex 1 tex = 1 g/km = 1 mg/mkilotex ktex 1 ktex = 1 kg/km = 1 g/m1) The term “yarn”, which is used here for simplicity, is as defined in ISO 1139. It does not exclude the other textile applications mentioned in scope.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1144:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved
27、 1BS ISO 1144:2016ISO 1144:2016(E)To indicate linear density in the Tex System as a quantity in formulae, tables and preprinted forms, irrespective of units, the symbol Tt is used. It should never be used with a numerical value of linear density because it is not a unit. It is equivalent in fact to
28、the expression “linear density expressed in the Tex System”. In a general formula, without a numerical value in which the linear density of a yarn (or other product) occurs, the symbol Tt serves to indicate that in a numerical application of the formula, this linear density is expressed in a unit of
29、 the Tex System.5 Notation2)The linear density in the Tex System is indicated by the numerical value followed by the name of the unit used.EXAMPLE 100 mtex; 60 dtex; 20 tex; 15 ktex2) More detailed specifications for the designation of folded and cabled yarns are given in ISO 1139.2 ISO 2016 All rig
30、hts reservedBS ISO 1144:2016ISO 1144:2016(E)Annex A (informative) Conversion and roundingA.1 IntroductionThis annex is intended to facilitate the implementation of the Tex System by describing the rational development of tex equivalents and giving guidance on the choice of rounded tex values.Three p
31、ossibilities are given for the choice of tex equivalent: calculated tex equivalent; rounded tex value; recommended tex value.The recommended tex values given in Table A.1 will serve as guide and should be used whenever practicable.A.2 Calculation of tex equivalentsCounts and numbers (titres), as exp
32、ressed in other counting or numbering systems, are converted into tex values as set out below. The multiplying factors in Table A.1 and the constants in Table A.2 are expressed to four significant figures to give an accuracy of 0,05 %.The equivalent values, calculated to four significant figures, ar
33、e rounded to three significant figures to obtain an accuracy within 0,5 % with respect to the value in the traditional system.A.2.1 Conversion from direct systemsIn direct systems, the coarseness or fineness of yarn (linear density) equals mass of yarn per unit of length.Table A.1 gives the multiply
34、ing factors for multiplying the known number (or titre).EXAMPLE The equivalent of 840 denier in tex is8400, 1111 = 93,32 tex or 933,2 dtex = 933 dtex to three significant figures.Table A.1 Multiplying factors for direct systemsYarn number systemSymbolic abbreviationUnit of mass used Unit of length u
35、sedUnit of yarn numberMultiplying factor, yarn number to tex valueTex Tt 1 g 1 km g/km -Denier Td 1 g 9 000 m g/9 000 m 0,111 1Linen dry spun Hemp JuteTj 1 pound14 400 yards(spindle unit)lb/14 400 yd 34,45 ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 1144:2016ISO 1144:2016(E)Yarn number systemSymbolic abbre
36、viationUnit of mass used Unit of length usedUnit of yarn numberMultiplying factor, yarn number to tex valueNmero en cuartos de onzaTo 1/4 onza 500 caas0,25 onza/500 caas10,71Woollen(Aberdeen)Ta 1 pound 14 400 yards lb /14 400 yd 34,45Woolen(Catalonian)Tcw1 g 504 m g/504 m 1,984A.2.2 Conversion from
37、indirect systemsIn indirect systems, coarseness or fineness of yarn equals length of yarn per unit of mass.Table A.2 gives the constants which are to be divided by the count in the indirect system.EXAMPLE The equivalent of yarn count New20 in tex is885 82044 2944 3,= textothreesignificantfiguresTabl
38、e A.2 Constants for conversion of indirect systemsYarn count systemSymbolic abbreviationUnit of length usedUnit of mass usedUnit of yarn countConstant for conversion to tex valuesAsbestos (American) NaA100 yards(cut) 1 pound 100 yd/ lb 4 961Asbestos (English) NeA50 yards 1 pound 50 yd/lb 9 921Cotton
39、 bump yarn NB1 yard 1 ounce yd/oz 31 000Cotton (English) NeC840 yards (hank) 1 pound 840 yd/lb 590,5Cotton (Catalonian) NcC500 caas 1,1 libra catalana500 caas/1,1 lb cat.565,9Glass (U.S.A and UK) NG100 yards 1 pound 100 yd/lb 4 961Linen (wet or dry spun)NeL300 yards(lea) 1 pound 300 yd/lb 1 654Metri
40、c Nm 1 km 1 kg km/kg 1000Numero en puntos Np 1 320 m 1 libra de Alcoy1 320 m/lb de Alc.358,7Spun silk Ns 840 yards 1 pound 840 yd/lb 590,5Typp Nt 1 000 yards 1 pound 1 000 yd/lb 496,1Woolen (Alloa) Nal 11 520 yards(spindle)24 pounds 11 520 yd/24 lb1 033Woollen (American cut)Nac 300 yards 1 pound 300
41、 yd/lb 1 654Woolen (American run)Nar 100 yards 1 ounce 100 yd/oz 310Woolen (Cardado Covilh)NpW1 m 5 g m/5 g 5 000Woolen (Dewsbury) Nd 1 yard 1 ounce yd/oz 31 000Table A.1 (continued)4 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 1144:2016ISO 1144:2016(E)Yarn count systemSymbolic abbreviationUnit of length use
42、dUnit of mass usedUnit of yarn countConstant for conversion to tex valuesWoolen (Galashiels) Ng 300 yards(cut) 24 ounces 300 yd/24 oz 2 480Woolen (Hawick) Nh 300 yards(cut) 26 ounces 300 yd/26 oz 2 687Woolen (Irish) NiW1 yard 0.25 ounce yd/0.25 oz 7 751Woolen (West of England)Nwe 320 yards(snap) 1 p
43、ound 320 yd/lb 1 550Woolen (Yorkshire) Ny 256 yards(skein) 1 pound 256 yd/lb 1 938Woolen (Yorkshire) Ny 1 yard 1 dram yd/dram 1 938Worsted NeW560 yards(hank) 1 pound 560 yd/lb 885,8A.3 Choice of rounded tex valuesWhen counts and numbers (titres) are converted into tex, decimal values are usually obt
44、ained, which may be used as they are or rounded for practical purposes.Where trade authorities concerned with each type of product have not published agreed lists in tex values of the yarns and fibres to be produced, the values in tex to three significant figures obtained according to A.2 and rounde
45、d using one of the alternatives given in A.3.1 may be used. Examples of the rounded values are given in Table A.3.A.3.1 For selecting rounded tex values, two possibilities are given:a) Rounding to the nearest two significant figures;b) Rounding in the direction of the recommended values of Table A.4
46、, using two significant figures or three significant figures when the last figure is 5.See the example in a) and b) of column 3 in Table A.3.A.3.2 Care should be taken to ensure that rounding is applied consistently so that the rounded tex values for two traditional counts of which one is 10 times t
47、he other should consist of the same digits and vary only in the position of the decimal point.A.3.3 When rounded values are chosen certain cases will arise where the difference between a yarn according to a traditional count and according to the value of the corresponding rounded tex values will be
48、sufficient to necessitate some adjustment to the yarn being spun.Table A.3 Choice of rounded values1 2 3 4Traditional yarn countEquivalent tex value in three figuresRounded tex valueRecommended tex value according to Table A.4system value a)ab)aNm 15 66,7 67 67 68Nm 30 33,3 33 33,5 34Nm 60 16,7 17 1
49、7 17NeC12 49,2 49 49,5 50NeC24 24,6 25 25 25NOTE This table can be extended in national standards by including figures from lists published by accepted trade authorities.aSee A.3.1Table A.2 (continued) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 1144:2016ISO 1144:2016(E)NeC48 12,3 12 12,5 12,5NeC120 4,92 4,9 4,9 5Td 60 6,67 6,7 6,7 6,8Td 120 13,3 13 13 13Td 480 53,3 53 53 52Td 600 66,7 67 67 68NeW18 49,2 49 49,5 50Ny 24 80,7 81 80,5 80NeL25 66,1 66 66,5 68NG75 66,1 66 66,5 68NaA75 66,1 66 66,5 68NOTE This table can be ex
