1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 1171:2010Solid mineral fuels Determination of ashBS ISO 1171:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 1171:2010. Itsuper
2、sedes BS 1016-104.4:1998 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PTI/16, Solid mineral fuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the ne
3、cessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 70436 9ICS 73.040; 75.160.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Str
4、ategy Committee on 30 November 2010.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 1171:2010Reference numberISO 1171:2010(E)ISO 2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO1171Fourth edition2010-06-15Solid mineral fuels Determination of ash Combustibles minraux solides Dtermination des cendres BS ISO
5、 1171:2010ISO 1171:2010(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing.
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8、address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2010 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either
9、 ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2010 All rights reservedBS ISO 1171:2010ISO 1171:
10、2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Principle1 3 Apparatus.1 4 Preparation of test sample .1 5 Procedure.1 6 Expression of results2 7 Precision.2 8 Test report3 Bibliography4 BS ISO 1171:2010ISO 1171:2010(E) iv ISO 2010 All rights reservedForew
11、ord ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a techni
12、cal committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of e
13、lectrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to
14、the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for i
15、dentifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 562 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels, Subcommittee SC 5, Methods of analysis. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 1171:1997), of which it constitutes a minor revision. (It also incorporates th
16、e Technical corrigendum ISO 1171:1997/Cor.1:1998.) BS ISO 1171:2010ISO 1171:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved vIntroduction The ash remaining after coal or coke has been incinerated in air is derived from inorganic complexes present in the original coal substance and from associated mineral matte
17、r. Therefore, the result of the determination is “ash” and not “ash content” as coal does not contain any ash. The amount of sulfur retained in the ash is in part dependent on the conditions of ashing and, in order to obtain values for the ash on a comparable basis, it is necessary to adhere strictl
18、y to the conditions specified. BS ISO 1171:2010BS ISO 1171:2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1171:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 1Solid mineral fuels Determination of ash 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the ash of all solid mineral fuels. 2 Principl
19、e The test portion is heated in air at a specified rate up to a temperature of 815 C 10 C and maintained at this temperature until constant in mass. The ash is calculated from the mass of the residue after incineration. 3 Apparatus 3.1 Balance, capable of weighing to the nearest 0,1 mg. 3.2 Furnace,
20、 capable of giving a zone of substantially uniform temperature at the levels required by the procedure and reaching these levels in the specified times. The ventilation through the furnace shall be such as to give five to ten air changes per minute. NOTE The number of air changes per minute can be a
21、ssessed by the measurement of the air flow in the furnace flue with a pitot-static tube and a suitable manometer. Alternatively, two furnaces may be used, one capable of achieving an adequate zone at a uniform temperature of approximately 500 C and the second capable of maintaining a temperature of
22、815 C 10 C. 3.3 Dish, of silica, porcelain or platinum, 8 mm to 15 mm deep, of such a size that the sample loading does not exceed 0,15 g/cm2for coal and 0,10 g/cm2for coke. 3.4 Plate, for use with coke samples, made from silica or heat-resistant steel, 6 mm thick and of such a size as to be an easy
23、 sliding fit into the furnace (3.2). 3.5 Desiccator or other closed container. 4 Preparation of test sample The coal or coke used for the determination of ash is the general analysis test sample (ground to pass a sieve of 212 m aperture). The sample shall be well mixed and in moisture equilibrium wi
24、th the laboratory atmosphere. 5 Procedure Weigh to the nearest 0,1 mg, the clean, dry dish (3.3) (see next paragraph), spread approximately 1 g of the sample (Clause 4) evenly in the dish and reweigh. BS ISO 1171:2010ISO 1171:2010(E) 2 ISO 2010 All rights reservedIf a silica or porcelain dish is use
25、d, before its initial mass is determined, it should be heated to 815 C 10 C, maintained at this temperature for 15 min and then cooled under conditions specified for the actual determination. Insert the dish in the furnace (3.2) at room temperature. Raise the furnace temperature evenly to 500 C over
26、 a period of 60 min and hold at this temperature for 30 min. For brown coals, a holding period of 60 min at 500 C is necessary. Continue heating to 815 C 10 C in the same furnace or, alternatively, transfer the dish to a second furnace, previously heated to 815 C 10 C. (See 3.2, last paragraph). Mai
27、ntain this temperature for at least 60 min. Alternatively for coke, the dish placed on the plate (3.4) may be inserted directly in a furnace at 815 C 10 C. Maintain at this temperature for at least 60 min. When the incineration period is complete, remove the dish from the furnace and allow to cool o
28、n a thick metal plate for 10 min. At the end of the 10 min cooling period, transfer the dish to a desiccator or other closed container without desiccant and allow to cool to room temperature. When cool, weigh to the nearest 0,1 mg. The container may be flushed with dry gas in order to reduce the pic
29、k-up of moisture during cooling. In this case, the dish should be covered with a lid. If there is any doubt that incineration is incomplete (e.g. unburned carbon particles are visible), reheat at 815 C 10 C for further 15 min periods until the change in mass does not exceed 1 mg. 6 Expression of res
30、ults The ash, A, of the sample as analysed, expressed as a percentage mass fraction, is given by Equation (1): 3121100mmAmm=(1) where m1is the mass, expressed in grams, of the empty dish; m2is the mass, expressed in grams, of dish plus test portion; m3is the mass, expressed in grams, of dish plus as
31、h. Report the result, as a mean of duplicate determinations, to the nearest 0,1 % mass fraction. The results of the determination described in this International Standard are reported on the air-dried basis. Calculation of results to other bases is dealt with in ISO 1170. 7 Precision 7.1 Repeatabili
32、ty limit The results of duplicate determinations (carried out over a short period of time, but not simultaneously) in the same laboratory by the same operator with the same apparatus on two representative portions taken from the same analysis sample, shall not differ by more than the values given in
33、 Table 1. BS ISO 1171:2010ISO 1171:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 3Table 1 Repeatability and reproducibility limits for ash Ash Maximum acceptable difference between results (calculated to the same moisture content) % mass fraction Repeatability limit Reproducibility limit 10 % 2,0 % of the me
34、an result 3,0 % of the mean result 7.2 Reproducibility limit The means of the results of duplicate determinations performed in each of two laboratories, on representative portions taken from the same analysis sample, shall not differ by more than the values given in Table 1. 8 Test report The test r
35、eport shall include the following information: a) reference to this International Standard, i.e. ISO 1171; b) identification of the sample; c) date of the determination; d) results and the calculation basis in which they are expressed. BS ISO 1171:2010ISO 1171:2010(E) 4 ISO 2010 All rights reservedB
36、ibliography 1 ISO 687, Solid mineral fuels Coke Determination of moisture in the general analysis test sample 2 ISO 1170, Coal and Coke Calculation of analyses to different bases 3 ISO 1213-2, Solid mineral fuels Vocabulary Part 2: Terms relating to sampling, testing and analysis 4 ISO 5068 (all par
37、ts), Brown coals and lignites Determination of moisture content Indirect gravimetric method 5 ISO 11722, Solid mineral fuels Hard coal Determination of moisture in the general analysis test sample by drying in nitrogen BS ISO 1171:2010BS ISO 1171:2010ISO 1171:2010(E) ICS 75.160.10 Price based on 4 p
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