1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58vehicles and towed vehicles Test proceduresICS 43.040.40 Road vehicles Endurance braking systems of
2、 motor BRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 12161:2006BS ISO 12161:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 September 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 49278 8Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentscontract. Users are responsible for
3、its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of ISO 12161:2006.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AUE/11, Br
4、aking systems.A list of organizations represented on AUE/11 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a Reference numberISO 12161:2006(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO12161First edition2006-09-01Road vehicles Endurance brakin
5、g systems of motor vehicles and towed vehicles Test procedures Vhicules routiers Vhicules moteur et vhicules tracts disposant de systmes de freinage dendurance Procdures dessai BS ISO 12161:2006ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definiti
6、ons. 1 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 5 5 General test conditions 6 5.1 Ambient conditions 6 5.2 Test site . 6 5.3 Vehicle preparation. 6 6 Downhill test 7 6.1 General. 7 6.2 Downhill test track 8 6.3 Normal test parameters 8 6.4 Determination of specific test parameters. 9 6.5 Conducting the dow
7、nhill test 12 6.6 Presentation of results. 14 7 Drag test (gradient simulation test) 14 7.1 General. 14 7.2 Drag test track. 14 7.3 Regular test parameters. 14 7.4 Determination of specific test parameters.15 7.5 Conducting the drag test . 15 7.6 Data processing and presentation of results 16 8 Indo
8、or vehicle test on a test bench (gradient simulation test) 17 8.1 General. 17 8.2 Description of the test bench 17 8.3 Normal test parameters 18 8.4 Determination of specific test parameters.19 8.5 Conducting the dynamometer test . 19 8.6 Data processing and presentation of results 20 Annex A (norma
9、tive) Vehicle data 22 Annex B (normative) Test reports 23 Bibliography . 26 BS ISO 12161:2006iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carr
10、ied out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
11、ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare Internat
12、ional Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the e
13、lements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 12161 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 2, Braking systems and equipment. BS ISO 12161:2006vIntroduction This
14、 International Standard applies to complete vehicles and not to endurance braking systems on their own. Depending on the available test facilities the vehicles equipped with endurance braking systems shall be tested for type approval using one of the following types of tests: Outdoor tests Downhill
15、vehicle test (see Clause 6) Vehicle drag test (see Clause 7) Indoor test (see Clause 8) Dynamometer vehicle test All three tests are evaluated from downhill braking manoeuvres and are to different degrees gradient simulation tests. BS ISO 12161:20061Road vehicles Endurance braking systems of motor v
16、ehicles and towed vehicles Test procedures IMPORTANT When using this International Standard, care should be taken to ensure that changes have not subsequently been adopted that affect the test methods or values given. 1 Scope This International Standard specifies methods for testing the endurance br
17、aking systems of vehicles of categories M N and O (excluding M1, N1, O1 and O2) which are designed to comply with ECE-R 13/09 with supplement 1 to 6. The values given in square brackets are taken from ECE Regulation No. 13 for information. All endurance test procedures are based on the principle of
18、equivalent energy absorption and procedures which are not suitable to support this principle are not considered. The principle of equivalent energy allows the base test parameters to be adapted to the variations occurring under real conditions compared to theoretical values. NOTE Typical sources are
19、: The variation of the gradient of downhill test track or The variation of retarding force during drag tests or indoor test. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For und
20、ated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 611: 2003, Road vehicles Braking of automotive vehicles and their trailers Vocabulary ISO 1176: 1990, Road vehicles Masses Vocabulary and codes ISO 3833: 1977, Road vehicles Types Terms and definit
21、ions ISO 8855, Road vehicles Vehicle dynamics and road-holding ability Vocabulary ECE Regulation No. 13, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to braking, incorporating the series 09 with supplements 1 to 6 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the t
22、erms and definitions given in ISO 611, ISO 1176 and ISO 3833 and the following apply. BS ISO 12161:20062 3.1 vehicle categories as defined in ECE R.E.3, the Consolidated Resolution on the construction of vehicles: category M: power-driven vehicles having at least four wheels and used for the carriag
23、e of passengers; category N: power-driven vehicles having at least four wheels and used for the carriage of goods 3.2 endurance braking system total of all devices of a vehicle which enable the driver to reduce the speed or to transverse a long descent at nearly a constant speed without the use of t
24、he service brake NOTE 1 An endurance braking system may contain one or more retarder(s), and may include: energy supplying means; control device(s); transmission means; retarder(s); energy dissipation device(s); auxiliary device(s). NOTE 2 All retarders are new and fully burnished according to the s
25、upplier recommendations. 3.2.1 types of control device used in endurance braking system 3.2.1.1 independent control device device which controls the endurance braking system independently from the service braking system 3.2.1.2 integrated control device device applied simultaneously with the service
26、 braking systems or with a suitably phased operation 3.2.1.3 vehicle speed control device device which allows a nearly constant vehicle speed by automatic operation and modulation of the endurance braking system 3.2.1.4 cut-out device device which allows to apply the service braking system alone or
27、to use the vehicle speed control without actuating the endurance braking system NOTE This is a combined control device. 3.2.2 retarder energy transformation device used to provide braking effort allowing control of vehicle speed independently of or as a supplement to the friction brakes BS ISO 12161
28、:200633.2.2.1 categories of retarders 3.2.2.1.1 primary retarder retarder located on the drive train of a motor vehicle at the engine side of the gearbox (torque converter) 3.2.2.1.2 secondary retarder retarder located on the drive train of motor vehicles between the gearbox (torque converter) and t
29、he drive axle(s) NOTE Retarders can be connected to non-driven axles and are also classed as secondary retarders. 3.2.2.1.3 other retarders retarders which are not categorized in 3.2.2.1.1 or 3.2.2.1.2 (e.g. aerodynamic retarders) 3.2.2.2 types of retarders 3.2.2.2.1 combustion engine retarder 3.2.2
30、.2.1.1 engine braking means whereby the engine drag resulting from the reduction of the fuel input and the throttling of the induction air supply whilst the engine is linked to the driving wheels retards the vehicle (see 5.5.3.1.3.1 of ISO 611:2003) 3.2.2.2.1.2 engine retarder mechanism in which an
31、increased retarding effect is obtained by changing the valve timing to increase the internal resistance (drag) of the engine (see 5.5.3.1.3.2 of ISO 611:2003) 3.2.2.2.1.3 exhaust retarder mechanism in which an increased retarding effect is obtained by blocking the flow of the exhaust gas to increase
32、 the internal resistance of the engine (see 5.5.3.1.3.3 of ISO 611:2003) 3.2.2.2.2 electric traction motor retarder mechanism in which the electric traction motor, linked to the driving wheels, exercises a retarding effect on the moving vehicle, for example, by functioning as a current generator (se
33、e 5.5.3.1.3.4 of ISO 611:2003) 3.2.2.2.3 hydraulic retarder retarder in which a retarding effect is obtained by the action of liquid on rotating/pumping components linked to one or more wheels 3.2.2.2.3.1 hydrodynamic retarder hydraulic retarder in which the power absorption is based on the principl
34、e of specific kinetic energy of a fluid 3.2.2.2.3.2 hydrostatic retarder hydraulic retarder in which the power absorption is based on the principle of specific kinetic energy of a fluid BS ISO 12161:20064 3.2.2.2.4 electric retarders 3.2.2.2.4.1 electromagnetic retarder retarder in which a retarding
35、 effect is obtained by the action of an electromagnetic field on a rotating component (eddy current, hysteresis) linked to one or more wheels 3.2.2.2.4.2 permanent-magnetic retarder mechanism in which a retarding effect is obtained by the action of a permanent-magnetic field on a rotating component
36、(eddy current, hysteresis) linked to one or more wheels 3.2.2.2.5 regenerative braking retarder any type of retarder which recovers the vehicles kinetic energy through the braking torque in order to restore it to a vehicle energy reservoir 3.2.2.2.6 aerodynamic retarder mechanism in which a retardin
37、g effect is obtained by causing an increase in the air resistance, for example, by the deployment of movable surfaces ISO 611:2003 3.3 vehicle loading 3.3.1 laden vehicle vehicle laden to its maximum technically permissible mass as specified by the vehicle manufacturer and acknowledged by the techni
38、cal services 3.4 energy 3.4.1 dissipated energy amount of energy dissipated through braking during any braking operation of a vehicle or vehicle combination taking into account a rolling resistance of 1 % of g diss pot rrWWW= potWmgH= rr0,01tanHWmg= 3.4.2 equivalent energy Wequ,II energy of a vehicl
39、e dissipated while braking downhill when this dissipated energy is equivalent to that dissipated in the same period of time with the vehicle driven at an average speed of 30 km/h on a 6 % down-gradient for a distance of 6 km ( )equ,II diss,IItan 6 %, 6WW f lkm= = BS ISO 12161:200654 Symbols and abbr
40、eviated terms For the purposes of this International Standard, the symbols given in Table 1 apply. Table 1 Symbols angle of the down gradient (from the horizontal) rad ammean deceleration m/s2dmmean fully developed deceleration m/s2E wheelbase m F towing force N Frrrolling resistance N l length of t
41、he test “track” or equivalent m, km ,ll modified length of the test “track” or equivalent m, km m mass of the vehicle or vehicle combination kg M torque, braking torque, driving torque of dynamometer Nm ,mm modified mass kg N number of measurement samples - P power W Pretretarding power resp. brakin
42、g power W Prrdissipated power due to the rolling resistance while braking Nm/s or W r radius m t time s T duration of the test s Treqrequired duration of the test s tan gradient of the down slope % tan maverage gradient of the downhill test road % mtan modified average gradient of the downhill test
43、road % v vehicle speed m/s vaveraverage speed m/s vreqrequired test speed m/s ,vv modified vehicle speed m/s Wdissdissipated energy while braking Nm or W Wpotpotential energy while downhill braking Nm or W Wrrdissipated energy due to the rolling resistance while braking Nm or W H difference of altit
44、ude m ,H Hmodified difference of altitude m BS ISO 12161:20066 5 General test conditions 5.1 Ambient conditions 5.1.1 Wind speed The tests shall be performed when there is no wind liable to affect the results. 5.1.2 Air temperature The air temperature shall be noted in the test report. 5.1.3 Road su
45、rface condition Any test road shall be smooth, hard-surfaced and free of loose material, and thereby provide a sufficient peak coefficient of adhesion to prevent excessive wheel slip. 5.2 Test site Any test site should be of adequate size and length and without obstacles, and be able to provide a sa
46、fe testing environment. The length of the test track shall be established by suitable means of distance measurements with a tolerance of 1,0 %. 5.3 Vehicle preparation 5.3.1 Instrumentation The test vehicle (and the towing vehicle if appropriate) shall be prepared for testing by the installation of
47、additional instruments and/or calibration of the existing standard vehicle instruments, as required. All the instruments shall be checked to ensure correct function and, with the vehicle stationary on the test surface, all the instruments shall be set. The instrumentation shall be able to measure th
48、e following parameters. 5.3.1.1 Vehicle speed If the recording of the vehicle speed is required, a separate speed measuring device independent of any wheel slip shall be used. 5.3.1.2 Duration of the test The duration of the test shall be measured by means of a chronometer or electronic timing equip
49、ment. 5.3.1.3 Engine speed For monitoring the permissible engine speed, the instrument on the dashboard is sufficient. 5.3.1.4 Temperatures For surveying the permissible temperature of the engine cooling system the instrument on the dashboard is sufficient. Separate temperature measuring means shall be used when stabilized operating conditions are required. BS ISO 12161:200675.3.1.5 Towing force The towing force during the drag test sh
