1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 13043:2011Road vehicles Refrigerantsystems used in mobile airconditioning systems (MAC) Safety requirementsBS ISO 13043:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British
2、Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 13043:2011.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee AUE/9, Automobile details and accessories.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport
3、 to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 68856 0ICS 43.040.60Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards
4、Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 13043:2011Road vehicles Refrigerant systems used in mobile air conditioning systems (MAC) Safety requirementsVhicules routiers Systmes rfrigrants utiliss dans les systmes dair conditionn embar
5、qus (MAC) Exigences de scurit ISO 2011Reference numberISO 13043:2011(E)First edition2011-04-15ISO13043INTERNATIONAL STANDARDBS ISO 13043:2011ISO 13043:2011(E)COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2011All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilize
6、d in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22
7、 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in Switzerlandii ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 13043:2011ISO 13043:2011(E)Contents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope 12 Normative references . 13 Terms and definitions . 24 Safety targets . 74.1 General . 74.2 Risk assessment . 84.3 R
8、elevant inputs and scenarios for the risk assessment 95 System level requirements . 115.1 Refrigerant system 115.2 Pressure and temperature ranges 125.3 System layout .125.4 Pressure and temperature limitation strategies .126 Component level requirements .126.1 General requirements .126.2 Piping and
9、 connecting technology .136.3 Compressor 146.4 Evaporator .156.5 Condenser/gas cooler 156.6 Receiver and accumulator 156.7 Service ports .156.8 Control devices 157 Design requirements for service and manufacturing 15Annex A (normative) Relevant input values for the risk assessment of refrigerants R1
10、34a, R1234yf and R744 .16Annex B (normative) Pressure and temperature reference data .19Bibliography .21 ISO 2011 All rights reserved iiiBS ISO 13043:2011ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The w
11、ork of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-govern
12、mental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The m
13、ain task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.At
14、tention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 13043 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles.ISO 13043:2011(E)iv ISO 2011 All
15、rights reservedBS ISO 13043:2011IntroductionFor many years, R-134a has been the refrigerant of choice for refrigerant systems for mobile air conditioning (MAC) due to its thermodynamic properties, worldwide availability and relative low cost. However, its contribution to global warming is now consid
16、ered to be unacceptable. Additionally, it has been documented that the rate of growth in atmospheric loading of R-134a is of growing concern.In 2006, the EU formulated legislation 2006/40/EC to ban the use of greenhouse gases having a global warming potential (GWP) of more than 150. Since R-134a has
17、 a GWP 1300, the European Directive has banned the use of R-134a for new model types since 1 January 2011 and for all new vehicles starting on 1 January 2017.The automotive industry has responded by identifying two materials that would comply with the European Union GWP requirement and offer accepta
18、ble refrigeration performance. These products are R-744 (carbon dioxide, GWP of 1) and R-1234yf (2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene, GWP of 4).In certain concentrations, both products could lead to a safety hazard to the vehicle occupants and to technicians who service the vehicle. This International Sta
19、ndard aims to identify refrigerant system safety requirements, to be met through robust engineering solutions and applied to the vehicle design, to maintain a comparable level of safety as that of MAC systems using R-134a.ISO 13043:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved vBS ISO 13043:2011BS ISO 13043:
20、2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13043:2011(E)Road vehicles Refrigerant systems used in mobile air conditioning systems (MAC) Safety requirements1 ScopeThis International Standard is restricted to refrigerant systems providing cooling or heating of passenger compartment, battery, etc., in passenger mo
21、tor vehicles. It provides minimum design requirements for refrigerant containment and safety requirements of these systems.This International Standard addresses the use of only R-134a, R-1234yf and R-744 refrigerants in vehicle original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and aftermarket (non-OEM) supplied
22、 components and systems.The relevant risks associated with these refrigerant systems are: projection of fragments or fluid due to high pressure systems; inhalation of toxic substances, including potential decomposition products; flame propagation.Consequently, this International Standard will addres
23、s the component and system design requirements related to any of these hazards where the refrigerant system is involved.Any scenario involving other components from the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system (heater, blower, air mixing and distribution) or any other component of the
24、 vehicle not related to the refrigerant system will not be covered in this International Standard.The purpose of this International Standard is to ensure that end-users or service technicians are not exposed to hazards during normal usage, maintenance and repair, and end-of-life disposal of the car.
25、 Therefore, manufacturing, storage and transportation of the refrigerant, as well as refrigerant distribution and filling machines in the assembly plant will not be covered in this International Standard. For these situations, the safety of qualified personnel will be addressed by existing standards
26、 commonly used among the industry and relevant regulations.Entire vehicle lifetime has been considered to address durability issues.For the R-134a system, this International Standard applies to any new model type launched one year after the document is published.For the R-1234yf and R-744 systems, t
27、his International Standard applies from first application of these refrigerants to any vehicle.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edi
28、tion of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2007, Designation and Safety Classification of RefrigerantsSAE J639, Safety Standards for Motor Vehicle Refrigerant Vapor Compressions SystemsSAE J2064 - R-134a and R-1234yf, Refrigerant Automotive Air-Conditioning Hos
29、e and AssembliesSAE J2670, Stability and Compatibility Criteria for Additives and Flushing Materials Intended for Use in R-134a and R-1234yf Vehicle Air-Conditioning Systems ISO 2011 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 13043:2011SAE J2771 - CO2 (R-744), Refrigerant Removal and Charging Equipment for Mobile
30、Refrigerant SystemsSAE J2772, Measurement of Passenger Compartment Refrigerant Concentrations Uunder Ssystem Rrefrigerant Lleakage CconditionsSAE J2788 - HFC-134a (R-134a), Recovery/Recycling Equipment and Recovery/Recycling/Recharging for Mobile Air-Conditioning SystemsSAE J2842 - R-1234yf and R-74
31、4, Design Criteria and Certification for OEM Mobile Air Conditioning Evaporator and Service ReplacementsSAE J2843 - R-1234yf, Recovery/Recycling/Recharging Equipment for Flammable Refrigerants for Mobile Air-Conditioning SystemsSAE J2845, Technician Training for Safe Service and Containment of Refri
32、gerants Used in Mobile A/C Systems (R-744, and R-1234yf)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1vehiclevehicle with a combustion engine and/or electric driving motor, intended for use on the road, with or without external body components
33、 added, having a permissible maximum mass of at least 400 kg and a maximum design speed equal to or exceeding 50 km/hNOTE Passenger cars and light commercial vehicles (including light-duty trucks) are covered, with the exception of heavy trucks and road tractors, minibuses, buses and coaches, agricu
34、lture tractors and public work vehicles.3.1.1air exchange rateAERnumber of times that the air in the passenger compartment is replaced per hour3.1.2air inlet plenumchamber located in front of the passenger compartment where the air is collected before entering into the vehicle, usually separating wa
35、ter, snow, and debris from the air prior to its entry into the HVAC module3.1.3engine bayspace for a combustion engine and/or an electric driving motorNOTE 1 In a front-engined vehicle, it is the space between the front grille, the front side fenders, the front of dash (or firewall) in front of the
36、passenger compartment, closed by the engine bonnet.NOTE 2 In a rear-engined vehicle, it is the space between rear end and vehicle compartment rear bulkhead, embedded between engine compartment side panels (fender apron), closed by the hatchback and underneath closed out to various degrees by an unde
37、rbonnet shield.NOTE 3 In a mid-engined vehicle, it is the space between rear end and passenger compartment rear bulkhead, embedded between engine compartment side panels (fender apron), closed by an engine compartment cover and underneath closed out to various degrees by an underbonnet shield.3.1.4u
38、nderhoodspace in the engine bay where the components of the refrigerant system are locatedNOTE 1 In a front-engined vehicle, it contains mechanical or electric compressor, condenser/gas cooler, refrigerant sensor, accumulator or receiver/drier, at least one expansion device, piping, assemblies, char
39、ge and/or service ports, and an optional internal heat-exchanger.ISO 13043:2011(E)2 ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 13043:2011NOTE 2 In a rear-engined and mid-engined vehicle, it contains mechanical or electric compressor and piping.3.1.5vehicle lifetimedesign life of the vehicle as specified by
40、the vehicle manufacturer in terms of mileage and years of life3.1.6vehicle interiorpassenger compartmentvehicle space occupied by the driver and passengers while drivingNOTE This space is normally sealed from the exterior environment, but has a certain air exchange rate.3.1.7original equipment manuf
41、acturerOEMvehicle manufacturer3.2mobile air conditioningMACsystem used to provide occupant comfort by heating or cooling and dehumidifying the air that is delivered into the passenger compartment, by an electric blower and/or ram air from various air distribution ducts and outlets in the interior of
42、 the vehicleNOTE The heating phase may include the use of waste engine heat and/or electric heating elements. The cooling phase is provided by a refrigerant system. The MAC also provides the ability to deliver conditioned airflow to clear vision (glazing/window) areas during inclement weather condit
43、ions. Air filtering devices with a sufficient degree of separation protect the HVAC units and occupants of the vehicle from the entry of water, snow, and other airborne debris.3.2.1battery chiller cooling systemrefrigerant system with circuit extension consisting of an evaporator in a brine (water/a
44、nti-freeze mixture) loop with the intention to chill the circulating brine3.2.2battery direct cooling systemrefrigerant system with circuit extension consisting of integrated evaporator in the battery assembly3.2.3double (dual) evaporator systemair conditioning system with a refrigerant loop with on
45、e compressor, one condenser and two evaporators and expansion devices, usually in parallel and usually both placed in or adjacent to the passenger compartment3.2.4high pressure siderefrigerant system from the compressor discharge chamber to the expansion device inlet chamber3.2.5low pressure sideref
46、rigerant system from the expansion device discharge chamber to the compressor inlet chamber, including the compressor crankcaseISO 13043:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 13043:20113.2.6refrigerant systemsystem consisting of refrigerant components, e.g. compressor, condenser/gas cooler, a
47、ccumulator or receiver/drier, refrigerant sensor, at least one expansion device and one evaporator, piping assemblies, charge and/or service ports and an optional internal heat exchangerNOTE The various parts of a refrigerant system fulfil design intent leak tightness and form a closed refrigerant c
48、ycle, in which the refrigerant can circulate at different pressures. The refrigerant lines make a connection between the components. Pressure and temperature sensors sense the refrigerant condition. For performance enhancements, an internal heat exchanger can be integrated between a high and low pre
49、ssure side. The refrigerant cycle is built up during the assembly of the refrigerant system components in the vehicle, connecting the components to the vehicle body, and filling the designated refrigerant charge.3.3refrigerant system componentsparts and subassemblies constituting the refrigerant system3.3.1accumulatorvessel capable of holding liquid refrigerant which is connected between the evaporator exit and inlet of compressor or internal heat exchangerNOTE 1 The accumulator may contain the desiccant for removing moisture from
