1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 15105-2:2003 Plastics Film and sheeting Determination of gas-transmission rate Part 2: Equal-pressure method ICS 83.140.10 BS ISO 15105-2:2003 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2003 BS 30 April 2
2、003 ISBN 0 580 41650 X National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 15105-2:2003 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/75, Plastics and rubber films and sheets, which has the responsibility t
3、o: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards C
4、orrespondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does
5、not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European develop
6、ments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 15 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued sin
7、ce publication Amd. No. Date Comments Reference number ISO 15105-2:2003(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15105-2 First edition 2003-02-15 Plastics Film and sheeting Determination of gas-transmission rate Part 2: Equal-pressure method Plastiques Film et feuille Dtermination du coefficient de transmission
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12、itign from ietI rehSa Ot tsserdda eh ebolw or ISOs memreb i ydobn the cnuotfo yr ttseuqer ehe.r ISO cirypothg fofice saCe tsopale 65 eneG 1121-HC 02 av leT. 4 + 10 947 22 1 11 xaF0 947 22 14 + 9 74 E-mial coirypthgis.o groii BSISO151052:2003 iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative referen
13、ces . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Principle . 2 5 Test specimens . 2 6 Conditioning and test temperature . 2 7 Apparatus and materials 3 8 Diffusion conditions . 4 9 Procedure. 4 10 Expression of results 5 11 Precision 5 12 Test report 5 Annex A (normative) Method for the determination of the oxy
14、gen-transmission rate using a coulometric sensor . 6 Annex B (normative) Detection by gas chromatography. 11 BSISO151052:2003iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Internat
15、ional Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with I
16、SO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical c
17、ommittees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to th
18、e possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 15105-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 11, Products. ISO 15105 consists of the
19、following parts, under the general title Plastics Film and sheeting Determination of gas-transmission rate: Part 1: Differential-pressure method Part 2: Equal-pressure method BSISO151052:2003INTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS-50151 O2:(3002E)1Plastics Film and sheeting Determination of gas-transmission rate
20、Part 2: Equal-pressure method 1 Scope This part of ISO 15105 specifies a method for the determination of the gas-transmission rate of any plastic material in the form of film, sheeting, laminate, co-extruded material or flexible plastic-coated material. Specific examples, currently in use, of the me
21、thod are described in the annexes. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
22、applies. ISO 4593:1993, Plastics Film and sheeting Determination of thickness by mechanical scanning 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 gas-transmission rate GTR volume of gas passing through a plastic material, per unit area and
23、 unit time, under unit partial-pressure difference between the two sides of the material NOTE When the gas used is oxygen, the value obtained is the oxygen-transmission rate (O 2 GTR). 3.2 gas permeability coefficient of gas permeability P volume of gas passing through a plastic material of unit thi
24、ckness, per unit area and unit time, under unit partial-pressure difference between the two sides of the material NOTE 1 The theoretical value of P is given by the equation P = GTR d where P is expressed in mole metres per square metre second pascal molm/(m 2 sPa); BSISO151052:20032 GTR is expressed
25、 in moles per square metre second pascal mol/(m 2 sPa); d is the average thickness of the specimen, expressed in metres. NOTE 2 Although P is a physical property of a polymeric material, differences in film preparation affecting polymer orientation and crystal structure will have an effect on the pe
26、rmeation properties. 4 Principle A test specimen is mounted in a gas-transmission cell (see Figures A.1 and B.1) so as to form a sealed barrier between two chambers. One chamber is slowly swept with a carrier gas. The second chamber is fed with the test gas. The total pressure is identical (atmosphe
27、ric) in each chamber but, since the partial pressure of the test gas is higher in the second chamber, the test gas permeates through the barrier into the carrier gas in the first chamber. The test gas which permeates through the specimen is carried by the carrier gas to a sensor the nature of which
28、will depend on the material under test and the test gas used. 5 Test specimens 5.1 Test specimens shall be representative of the material under investigation, free from shrivelling, folds and pinholes, and of uniform thickness. They shall be larger than the gas-transmission area of the measurement c
29、ell and be capable of being mounted airtight. 5.2 Use three specimens unless otherwise specified or agreed upon among the interested parties. 5.3 Mark the side of the material facing the permeating gas. NOTE In principle, the test should replicate the actual conditions of use, with the permeating ga
30、s passing from the inside to the outside of e.g. packaging material, or vice versa. 5.4 Measure the thickness of each specimen in accordance with ISO 4593, to the nearest 1 m, at at least five points distributed over the entire test area, and record the minimum, maximum and average values. 6 Conditi
31、oning and test temperature 6.1 Conditioning The specimens shall be either dried for not less than 48 h at the same temperature as that at which the test is to be carried out, using calcium chloride or another suitable drying agent in a desiccator; or conditioned at the temperature and humidity speci
32、fied for the test for a length of time appropriate to the nature of the material under test. 6.2 Test temperature Carry out the test in a room kept at 23 C 2 C, unless otherwise specified. BSISO151052:2003 37 Apparatus and materials 7.1 General Figures A.1 and B.1 show examples of apparatus for dete
33、rmining gas-transmission rate. The apparatus consists of a gas-transmission cell designed to allow a test gas to permeate through a specimen, a sensor to measure the amount of test gas which has permeated through the specimen, and gas- conditioning devices and flowmeters for the test gas and carrier
34、 gas. 7.2 Test gas The test gas may be either a single gas, or a mixture of gases. In the first case, the pressure of the gas shall be equal to atmospheric pressure. In the second case, the pressure of the gas shall also be atmospheric and the partial pressure of each individual component will be de
35、termined by its concentration in the mixture. 7.3 Transmission cell 7.3.1 The transmission cell is divided into two chambers by a test piece, cut from the sheet of material under test, to allow permeation of the test gas (see 1 in Figures A.1 and B.1). 7.3.2 The test gas flows, under defined conditi
36、ons, into chamber A and leaves this chamber through a suitably dimensioned outlet at ambient atmospheric pressure. WARNING Appropriate precautions should be taken with respect to the use, recovery, recycling and/or disposal of hazardous gases (toxic gases, flammable gases, etc.). 7.3.3 A carrier gas
37、 flows through the other chamber (chamber B) of the cell, under defined conditions, such that the pressure difference between the two chambers is as low as possible to prevent distortion of the test piece. 7.3.4 The shape of the cell shall be such that the test specimen is swept on both sides by lam
38、inar gas flows. In particular, the ratio of the effective permation area to the volume of each chamber shall be such that the velocity of each gas is lower than a specified limit, depending on the shape of the cell. 7.3.5 The effective permation area shall be adapted according to the range of values
39、 to be determined. It is generally between 1 cm 2and 150 cm 2 . The effective permation area of the test specimen may be reduced by means of a mask placed between the two chambers. In this case, the mask shall be glued on the test specimen and carefully checked for leaks, which would affect the meas
40、urements. 7.3.6 When the cell is fitted with gaskets, the material used for the gaskets shall have a gas-transmission rate which is negligible compared to that expected for the material under test. BSISO151052:20034 7.4 Detection and measurement Of several different methods available for measuring t
41、he amount of gas permeating through a specimen, two such methods are described in the annexes: Annex A: coulometric sensor (for oxygen-transmission rate); Annex B: chromatographic sensor. NOTE The method used will depend on: the permeability of the material to the test gas; the sensitivity required.
42、 8 Diffusion conditions Unless otherwise specified, the test gas and the carrier gas shall be conditioned under one of the sets of conditions of temperature and relative humidity given in Table 1. Table 1 Conditions for diffusion Set of conditions Temperature C Relative humidity % 1 23 0 2 23 50 3 2
43、3 60 4 23 75 5 23 85 6 10 85 NOTE 60 % is the relative humidity normally used for conditioning when using a test gas at 0 % RH and a carrier gas at 100 % RH. 9 Procedure 9.1 Remove a test specimen from the conditioning atmosphere. 9.2 Insert the specimen in the cell. 9.3 Inspect the specimen for vis
44、ual defects such as creases made during insertion. 9.4 Connect the cell to the sensor. 9.5 Using the two valves immediately upstream of the cell, allow the carrier gas to flow through both chambers, A and B. The gas flow rate is generally set at between 5 ml/min and 100 ml/min. 9.6 Inspect the appar
45、atus for leaks, then purge the apparatus completely, taking into account possible desorption from the specimen. Continue to purge the apparatus until a constant signal is received from the sensor. BSISO151052:2003 59.7 Once a constant signal has been obtained, record this value as the zero value. NO
46、TE The time taken for the apparatus to stabilize may vary from less than one hour to several hours, depending on the material under test, its thickness and the test conditions. 9.8 Allow the test gas to flow into chamber A, under the specified conditions of flow, temperature and humidity. The gas fl
47、ow rate is generally set at between 5 ml/min and 100 ml/min. 9.9 Proceed until a constant signal is obtained. Record this signal. 9.10 Repeat with the remaining specimens. 10 Expression of results See Clause A.6 or B.7, depending on the method used. 11 Precision The precision of these methods is not
48、 known because interlaboratory data are not available. When inter- laboratory data are obtained, a precision will be added at the following revision. 12 Test report See Clause A.7 or B.8, depending on the method used. BSISO151052:20036 Annex A (normative) Method for the determination of the oxygen-t
49、ransmission rate using a coulometric sensor A.1 General This method is used to determine the amount of oxygen permeating through the material, using a coulometric sensor which measures the amount of oxygen which has permeated through the material and been carried out of the cell by the carrier gas. The sensor generates an electric current proportional to the amount of oxygen flowing through the sensor per unit ti
