1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 15360-2:2015Recycled pulps Estimation ofStickies and PlasticsPart 2: Image analysis methodBS ISO 15360-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 15360-2:2015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to T
2、echnicalCommittee PAI/11, Methods of test for paper, board and pulps.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplicati
3、on. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 81168 5ICS 85.040Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 3
4、0 November 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 15360-2:2015 ISO 2015Recycled pulps Estimation of Stickies and Plastics Part 2: Image analysis methodPtes recycles Estimation des matires collantes et des matires plastiques Partie 2: Mthode par analyse
5、dimageINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO15360-2Second edition2015-11-01Reference numberISO 15360-2:2015(E)BS ISO 15360-2:2015ISO 15360-2:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this public
6、ation may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the countr
7、y of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 15360-2:2015ISO 15360-2:2015(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Prin
8、ciple 25 Apparatus and equipment 26 Reagents 46.1 For marking the Stickies by metallic powder adhering to the Stickies 46.2 For marking the Stickies by coating particles pulled out from a coated paper . 47 Sampling 48 Adjustment and calibration of the image analysis system 49 Pretreatment of the sam
9、ple 410 Procedure. 510.1 Processing the sample through the screening device . 510.2 Distribution of the separated Stickies or Plastics on the filter paper 510.3 Determination of Stickies by marking with metallic powder . 610.3.1 Heat setting. 610.3.2 Dyeing 610.3.3 Recording of Stickies 610.4 Determ
10、ination of Stickies by marking with white coating particles 610.4.1 Heat setting. 610.4.2 Filter paper washing . 710.4.3 Drying 710.4.4 Recording of Stickies 710.5 Determination of Plastics . 710.6 Calculation of Stickies and Plastics 711 Calculations 811.1 Number of Stickies and Plastics . 811.2 Ar
11、ea of Stickies and Plastics 812 Test report . 8Annex A (normative) Laboratory screening equipment .10Annex B (normative) Comparison chart 11Annex C (informative) Precision 12Bibliography .14 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 15360-2:2015ISO 15360-2:2015(E)ForewordISO (the Internati
12、onal Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
13、 established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standa
14、rdization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordanc
15、e with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
16、 any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorse
17、ment.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsib
18、le for this document is ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 15360-2:2001), of which it constitutes a minor revision by moving the precision statement to an informative annex. It also incorporates the technical corrigendum ISO 15360-2:2001/
19、Cor 1:2007.ISO 15360 consists of the following parts, under the general title Recycled pulps Estimation of Stickies and Plastics: Part 1: Visual method Part 2: Image analysis methodiv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 15360-2:2015ISO 15360-2:2015(E)IntroductionThis part of ISO 15360 is complementar
20、y to ISO 15360-1, which concerns estimation of Stickies and Plastics in recycled pulp by visual examination. ISO 15360-2 is particularly useful for pulps having a high content of Stickies or Plastics or both where visual inspection is very time-consuming to carry out.Two alternatives are given for t
21、he estimation of Stickies, while there is only one procedure for the estimation of Plastics. ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS ISO 15360-2:2015BS ISO 15360-2:2015Recycled pulps Estimation of Stickies and Plastics Part 2: Image analysis method1 ScopeThis part of ISO 15360 specifies a method to estimat
22、e Stickies and Plastics in all grades of recycled pulp. It applies the principles for the separation of Stickies and Plastics described in ISO 15360-1. The visualization and counting techniques described in ISO 15360-1 are replaced here by image analysis.This part of ISO 15360 permits the use of dif
23、ferent laboratory screening devices as well as screens of different sizes when applying the specified method. It is impracticable to define more closely the equipment or screen sizes to be used, because of the wide range of Stickies and Plastics found in recycled pulps, and the various screening dev
24、ices which are being successfully used for their measurement.NOTE This method will only estimate those Stickies and Plastics which are tacky and which are retained on the screen of a given slit size under the temperature and pressure conditions of this test method. It is important to note that this
25、will probably not be the total amount of Stickies and Plastics that are actually present in a given pulp sample.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the ed
26、ition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 638, Paper, board and pulps Determination of dry matter content Oven-drying methodISO 4119, Pulps Determination of stock concentrationISO 5263 (all parts), Pulps Laborato
27、ry wet disintegrationISO 5269-2, Pulps Preparation of laboratory sheets for physical testing Part 2: Rapid-Kthen methodISO 7213, Pulps Sampling for testingISO 8486-1, Bonded abrasives Determination and designation of grain size distribution Part 1: Macrogrits F4 to F220DIN 54516, Testing of paper an
28、d board Determination of plybond resistanceTAPPI T 541 om-89, Internal bond strength of paperboard (z-direction tensile)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1Stickiesdiverse group of materials that are retained on a laboratory screen o
29、f given slit aperture (100 m or 150 m) and which adhere to objects that they touchNote 1 to entry: Stickies can adhere to objects at ambient conditions or they can adopt adhesive characteristics when subjected to elevated temperature, elevated pressure or change pH.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15360-2
30、:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 15360-2:2015ISO 15360-2:2015(E)Note 2 to entry: The following is a non-exhaustive list of Stickies: products derived from residues of materials such as inks, tars, hot melts, waxes, and multivalent metal ion soaps or different types of pressure-sensitive
31、 adhesives (tapes).Note 3 to entry: A Stickie particle can be a composite of adhesive material together with non-adhesive plastic fragments and cellulosic fibres.3.2Plasticsnon-adhesive polymers that are retained on a laboratory screen of a given slit aperture (100 m or 150 m), but excluding cellulo
32、sic materialsNote 1 to entry: The following is a non-exhaustive list of Plastics: polymeric materials derived from such sources as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, UV-cured coatings and polystyrene.4 PrincipleA sample of pulp in disintegrated form is washed through a laboratory screen of a gi
33、ven slit aperture until the filtrate is clear. The material is removed and transferred to a filter paper. The Stickies are marked either with white aluminium oxide powder or by particles of coating that they pull out from a special coated paper. The Plastics are highlighted by dyeing the filter pape
34、r black and hiding the Stickies with black silicon carbide powder. The Stickies and Plastics are measured using an image analyser. The total numbers of Stickies and Plastics are determined and reported. Other report formats are possible, including the numbers of Stickies and Plastics of various area
35、s, or a histogram showing the area distribution.5 Apparatus and equipment5.1 Disintegrator as specified in ISO 5263 (all parts).5.2 Laboratory screening equipment, fitted with a screen complying with the specification as described in Annex A.NOTE For the purpose of this method, a screen is that part
36、 of the laboratory screening equipment which separates the Stickies and Plastics from the cellulose fibre. Various laboratory screening equipment can use different terminology to describe the separating medium (e.g. “slots” instead of “slits”).5.3 Image analyser system for illuminating, viewing, and
37、 detecting images. The image analyser system used shall be capable of scanning or viewing the total area of the filter paper upon which the Stickies or Plastics are collected (20 cm diameter or larger). The image analyser system incorporates the following components.5.3.1 Specimen stage, generally c
38、onsisting of a flat plate on one side of which the specimen illuminant and detector are located. The specimen stage shall be shielded to prevent influence from ambient light. The prepared specimen is a piece of filter paper upon one side of which the Stickies and Plastics have been collected. The si
39、de of the prepared specimen upon which the Stickies and Plastics have been collected faces the illuminant and image detector. The exact configuration of the specimen stage will depend upon the image detector used.5.3.2 Image detector, either a scanner or camera-based image detector, with at least 25
40、6 grey levels of sensitivity and a physical pixel resolution below 50 m/pixel such that four contiguous pixels will have a combined area of 0,01 mm2or less. The image detector shall view the specimen normal to its surface.5.3.3 Illuminant, un-polarized with wavelength concentrated in the visible por
41、tion of the spectrum, such that 95 % of the light reflected from a white surface will be between 380 nm and 750 nm. The most preferred illuminant provides illumination that is diffuse or axially symmetric with an incident angle of 45 5. As a minimum, the illuminant shall consist of two members provi
42、ding illumination at an 2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 15360-2:2015ISO 15360-2:2015(E)incident angle of 45 5. The illumination from the two members shall oppose each other at an angle of 180. A preferred illuminant consists of four members each providing incident illumination at 45 5, placed s
43、uch that the four members oppose one another at angles of 90. The uniformity of illumination over the area of the specimen stage before any software corrections shall be within 4 %.5.3.4 Image analysis software, capable of determining the average intensity (“grey level”) of a detected image, for exa
44、mple, a Stickie or piece of Plastic, as well as the average background intensity surrounding the speck when examining the picture elements of a digitized Stickies or Plastics speck using a “centre-surround” filtering technique.1234The normal size of the software filter is a 1,0 mm2area centred on th
45、e Stickie or Plastic. The software shall be capable of adjusting this area as required to completely surround the detected image of a Stickie or Plastic. The detection threshold is 10 % of the 100 % contrast scale on the comparison chart (Annex B). The detection threshold is applied between the cont
46、rary and the average background intensity as defined by the centre surround filter.5.4 Calibration chart as shown in Annex B. The chart is a film with a series of black and grey spots of different shapes, areas and contrasts. The chart is used for checking the performance of the image analyser syste
47、m. For the purpose of this part of ISO 15360 only the spots of 100 % contrast are used.NOTE The calibration method uses dark spots on a white background but this test detects light contraries on the dark background. The effect of this difference is yet unknown.5.5 Bchner funnel with a sintered glass
48、 filtering base of 20 cm diameter or larger. The funnel may be substituted by a Rapid-Kthen sheet former (ISO 5269-2).5.6 White or black filter paper, comprised of 100 % cellulose fibres, qualitative, medium fast grade, to fit the funnel or sheet former (5.5).5.6.1 White filter paper for marking the
49、 Stickies by metallic powder.5.6.2 Black filter paper for marking the Stickies by coating particles pulled out from a coated paper.5.7 Release paper, silicone coated.5.8 Oven capable of maintaining a temperature of 105 2.5.9 Heated press capable of applying a pressure of 95 kPa 5 kPa at 94 C 4 C for 10 min. A Rapid-Kthen sheet dryer operated at these conditions is suitable (ISO 5269-2).5.10 Shallow glass dish, approximately 25 cm 20 cm. The exact size of the glass dish is unimporta
