1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58applications Shipboard loading instrumentsICS 35.240.60; 47.020.99Ships and marine technology Compu
2、ter BRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 16155:2006BS ISO 16155:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 49011 4request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international publicat
3、ions referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessa
4、ry provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page,
5、pages 1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsA list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on present to the res
6、ponsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.National forewordThis British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 16155:2006 and
7、implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee SME/32, Ships and marine technology, to Subcommittee SME/32/10, Computer applications, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text;Reference numberISO 161
8、55:2006(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO16155First edition2006-04-15Ships and marine technology Computer applications Shipboard loading instruments Navires et technologie maritime Applications informatiques Instruments de chargement embarqus BS ISO 16155:2006ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction
9、v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Abbreviated terms 2 5 Categories of loading instrument . 2 6 Minimum requirements for Category A functions. 4 7 Minimum requirements for Category B functions. 5 8 General loading software requirements. 6 9 Hardware requirements 6
10、10 Documentation and training requirements 7 11 Elements in user interface design 8 12 Interfaces with other shipboard systems. 9 13 Standards for accuracy of calculations and verification checks required. 9 14 Integration of a loading instrument within the ship owners organization. 10 BS ISO 16155:
11、2006iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for wh
12、ich a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
13、matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are ci
14、rculated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held respo
15、nsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16155 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology, Subcommittee SC 10, Computer applications. BS ISO 16155:2006vIntroduction A computer tool to assess technical operational properties of a ship, such as stability
16、 or longitudinal strength, has become more or less standard equipment on board vessels and other floating objects. There is a great variety of such instruments available, in terms of both calculation method and appearance. This International Standard was developed to guide both producers and shipown
17、ers in determining the suitability of a particular instrument. In order to guarantee a minimum quality level, this International Standard specifies certain minimum requirements for loading instruments; however, it leaves sufficient freedom for producers to apply innovative solutions. BS ISO 16155:20
18、06blank1Ships and marine technology Computer applications Shipboard loading instruments 1 Scope This International Standard is applicable where computer equipment is used to perform functions related to loading and associated ship safety issues, such as, but not limited to, intact and damaged stabil
19、ity and longitudinal strength. This International Standard defines requirements on a shipboard loading instrument that are supplementary to IMO MSC/Circ. 836, IMO MSC/Circ. 854, IMO MSC/Circ. 891 and IACS Recommendation No. 48. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensa
20、ble for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IACS Recommendation No. 48, Recommendations on Loading Instruments IEC 61996:2000, Maritime naviga
21、tion and radiocommunication equipment and systems Shipborne voyage data recorder (VDR) Performance requirements Methods of testing and required test results IMO Resolution A.739(18), Guidelines for the authorization of organizations acting on behalf of the Administration IMO Resolution A.789(19), Sp
22、ecifications on the survey and certification functions of recognized organizations acting on behalf of the Administration IMO MSC/Circ. 836, Recommendation on loading instruments IMO MSC/Circ. 854, Guidelines for shipboard loading and stability computer programs IMO MSC/Circ. 891, Guidelines for the
23、 on-board use and application of computers IMO MSC/Circ. 920, Model loading and stability manual 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 direct calculation first-principles calculation physics-based calculation which involves only pri
24、mary entities of the ship, such as loading, hull geometry, internal geometry (e.g. holds and compartments) and the shape of sounding pipes BS ISO 16155:20062 3.2 loading instrument instrument consisting of loading software, hardware and probably also an operating system, which in their combination c
25、an determine characteristics and properties related to a particular loading of a particular vessel or other floating object 3.3 loading software software consisting of a combination of computer instructions and preprogrammed static data of a particular vessel or object in question 3.4 hardware at le
26、ast a central processing unit, means for permanent storage and means for input and output NOTE Hardware can be stand-alone, or form part of a computer network. 4 Abbreviated terms COG centre of gravity FSM free surface moment KMTtransverse metacentre above base line KG or VCG vertical centre of grav
27、ity above base line KG or VCG virtual vertical centre of gravity above base line (corrected for free surface effects) GMTtransverse metacentric height (corrected for free surface effects) Lpp length between perpendiculars LCG longitudinal centre of gravity TCG transverse centre of gravity TEU twenty
28、 foot equivalent unit 5 Categories of loading instrument 5.1 Categories of functions This International Standard should be applicable for all types of instrument, which will be suitable for a variety of purposes; therefore, segregation into categories of functions, each for different purposes, is ma
29、de. 5.1.1 Category A functions are designed and intended for basic calculations and analysis. Its information generating capacities are comparable with information and calculations which can be made with a traditional Loading and Stability Manual. Examples of functions are upright hydrostatics; draf
30、t and trim; BS ISO 16155:20063 verify transverse metacentric height GMTagainst the minimum required GMT(or the KG against the maximum allowable KG), based on intact stability requirements; verify transverse metacentric height GMTagainst one or more enveloped minimum required GMTvalues (or the KG aga
31、inst one or more enveloped maximum allowable KG values), based on damage stability criteria; intact stability; tank soundings/volumes. 5.1.2 Category B functions are designed and intended for calculations and analysis which extend beyond calculations or information which can be made with standard Lo
32、ading and Stability Manuals. Examples of functions are intact or damaged longitudinal strength; intact stability for extreme conditions (e.g. draft, trim, or list outside the range of the tables as included in the Loading and Stability Manual); damage stability calculations, to verify whether an act
33、ual loading condition complies with statutory requirements; damage stability calculations, in order to assess sinkage, heel, trim and residual stability for an actual loading and damage case; exact determination of tank contents, taking into account effects of list and trim; advise on countermeasure
34、s for actual damage situations, intended to improve residual stability, bending moments, etc. 5.1.3 Category C functions fulfil auxiliary roles, within the framework of a loading instrument. Examples are container loading utilities; grain loading utilities; utilities to create voyage-/cargo-specific
35、 loading plans for chemical parcel tankers, taking into account chemical compatibility data; tank-/cargo-expansion effects, due to temperature variations, for oil and oil product tankers; roll-on roll-off (RoRo) loading utilities. 5.2 Categories of instrument Loading instruments may contain combinat
36、ions of function categories. EXAMPLE An instrument might contain an intact stability function (which is comparable with the function of the Loading and Stability Manual, and hence of Category A), a longitudinal strength function (which is by its nature beyond Loading and Stability Manual level, and
37、hence of Category B) and a container loading module (which is auxiliary, of Category C). The instruments shall be categorized by the combinations of categories of functions it can perform. In the above example, it would be A/B/C. BS ISO 16155:20064 5.3 Marking of categories The documentation of a lo
38、ading instrument shall clearly state which functions it performs; the category standard to which those functions are performed. 6 Minimum requirements for Category A functions 6.1 Minimum calculations required Category A instruments shall, as a minimum, perform the following functions: determination
39、 of displacement, deadweight, centre of gravity and free surface moments; calculation of draft, list and trim; calculation of an intact stability curve (including free surface effects), for a range of angles of inclination which is sufficient for the appropriate stability regulation for the specific
40、 vessel; verify the intact stability against the appropriate stability regulation for the specific vessel by at least one of the following methods: 1) verify transverse metacentric height (corrected for free surface effects) GMTagainst the minimum required GMT(or the KG against the maximum allowable
41、 KG), based on all intact stability criteria; 2) calculate all stability parameters which are relevant for all intact stability criteria (so, including a possible wind/weather criterion), and check those parameters against the critical values; deliver a conclusion about compliance with the intact an
42、d damage stability criteria. 6.2 Protection of predefined tables When Category A functions are performed on the basis of precalculated and predefined tables, provisions shall be made which protect those tables from deliberate or involuntary modifications. 6.3 Interpolation and extrapolation When Cat
43、egory A functions are performed on the basis of precalculated and predefined tables, provisions shall be made which prevent the software from being used outside the validity region of those tables. In order to ensure sufficient accuracy, the intervals in precalculated tables of hydrostatic and stabi
44、lity particulars shall be as small as possible. A draft interval of 0,02 m at maximum and a maximum trim interval of 0,5 % of Lpp should be used, but in no case shall the intervals be larger than those used in the available Loading and Stability Manual or the available tables of hydrostatic data. In
45、 any case, the draft interval shall not exceed 0,05 m. 6.4 Documentation One copy of ship-specific data shall be supplied with the instrument, which contains, at least, an explanation of abbreviations, list of units used, the coordinate system and orientation; main particulars; all precalculated tab
46、les used; BS ISO 16155:20065 definition of openings (open and weather tight) which are taken into account; light ship weight and centre of gravity, the light ship weight distribution should also be provided; preferably some typical loading conditions; relevant stability criteria; overview of tanks,
47、compartments, holds and other spaces; other particulars which are relevant for a particular type of ship, such as the margin line for passenger vessels. 7 Minimum requirements for Category B functions 7.1 Calculation methodology Functions of Category B shall be based on direct calculations. Furtherm
48、ore, it is encouraged that the software takes into account as many realistic effects as possible (e.g. the actual initial trim, the actual heel, the free to trim effect and the actual shift of COG of liquid due to list and trim). 7.2 Accuracy and certification of calculations Loading software of Cat
49、egory B shall comply with at least one of the following requirements. The calculation results of loading instruments shall be in agreement with results of calculations with specific ship design software, which is certified by a flag state Administration or a recognized organization that meets the minimum requirements and specifications of IMO Resolutions A.739(18) and A.789(19). The calculation part of the software itself shall be certified by a
