1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58circuits Part 9: Particle sizing and counting by automatic light extinction particle counterICS 13.
2、040.50; 43.180Road vehicles Cleanliness of components of fluid BRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 16232-9:2007BS ISO 16232-9:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 June 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 50920 9Amendments issued since publicatio
3、nAmd. No. Date Commentscontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of ISO 16232-9:2007. The UK participation in it
4、s preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/22, Engines for road vehicles.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a Reference numberISO 16232-9:2007(E)INT
5、ERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO16232-9First edition2007-06-01Road vehicles Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits Part 9: Particle sizing and counting by automatic light extinction particle counter Vhicules routiers Propret des composants des circuits de fluide Partie 9: Granulomtrie et comptage des pa
6、rticules au moyen dun compteur de particules automatique extinction de la lumire BS ISO 16232-9:2007ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Principle. 2 5 Equipment . 3 5.1 General. 3 5.2 Liquids . 3 5.3 Sample containers 3 5
7、.4 Additional equipment . 4 5.5 Analysis equipment 4 5.6 Environment conditions and precautions5 5.7 Health and Safety 6 6 Calibration and verification . 6 6.1 Verification 6 6.2 Calibration . 6 7 Procedure 6 7.1 Summary of the procedure 6 7.2 Validation. 7 7.3 Conditioning of the analysis set-up 7
8、7.4 Blank check of the analysis set-up. 7 7.5 Preparation of the extraction sample . 8 7.6 Sample analysis 9 8 Results . 10 8.1 Calculations. 10 8.2 Expression of results . 10 Annex A (informative) APC analysis 11 Annex B (informative) Summary of the analysis procedure 12 Annex C (informative) Examp
9、le of configuration - Sampling apparatus 13 Annex D (informative) Supplementary procedures 14 Annex E (informative) Example of standard analysis data sheet particle sizing and counting in liquid samples by automatic light extinction particle counter. 16 Bibliography . 18 BS ISO 16232-9:2007iv Forewo
10、rd ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technic
11、al committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of el
12、ectrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to t
13、he member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for id
14、entifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16232-9 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 5, Engine tests. ISO 16232 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits: Part 1: Vocabulary Part 2:
15、 Method of extraction of contaminants by agitation Part 3: Method of extraction of contaminants by pressure rinsing Part 4: Method of extraction of contaminants by ultrasonic techniques Part 5: Method of extraction of contaminants on functional test bench Part 6: Particle mass determination by gravi
16、metric analysis Part 7: Particle sizing and counting by microscopic analysis Part 8: Particle nature determination by microscopic analysis Part 9: Particle sizing and counting by automatic light extinction particle counter Part 10: Expression of results BS ISO 16232-9:2007vIntroduction The presence
17、of particulate contamination in a fluid system is acknowledged to be a major factor governing the life and reliability of that system. The presence of particles residual from the manufacturing and assembly processes will cause a substantial increase of the wear rates of the system during the initial
18、 run-up and early life, and may even cause catastrophic failures. In order to achieve reliable performance of components and systems, control over the amount of particles introduced during the build phase is necessary, and measurement of particulate contamination is the basis of control. The ISO 162
19、32 series has been drafted to fulfil the requirements of the automotive industry, since the function and performance of modern automotive fluid components and systems are sensitive to the presence of a single or a few critically sized particles. Consequently, ISO 16232 requires the analysis of the t
20、otal volume of extraction liquid and of all contaminants collected using an approved extraction method. The ISO 16232 series has been based on existing ISO International Standards such as those developed by ISO/TC 131/SC 6. These International Standards have been extended, modified and new ones have
21、 been developed to produce a comprehensive suite of International Standards to measure and report the cleanliness levels of parts and components fitted to automotive fluid circuits. This part of ISO 16232 defines a method of automatic counting to determine the particle size distribution of contamina
22、nts which have been removed from the component under test and collected using an approved extraction method. BS ISO 16232-9:2007blank1Road vehicles Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits Part 9: Particle sizing and counting by automatic light extinction particle counter 1 Scope This part of ISO
23、 16232 defines methods for determining the size distribution of particulate contaminants extracted from automotive components using techniques described in ISO 16232-3, ISO 16232-4 and ISO 16232-5, using automatic light extinction particle counter instruments (APC). It only applies to the analysis o
24、f the whole volume of extraction liquid. The size range of particles that can be measured by this technique is limited to u 70 m(c), because of the method of calibration used (ISO 11171). However, the calibration can be extended to other sizes provided that it is agreed and included in the Inspectio
25、n Document. This technique is only applicable to measuring particles contained in clear, single phase liquids. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated reference
26、s, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 11171, Hydraulic fluid power Calibration of automatic particle counters for liquids ISO 11943, Hydraulic fluid power On-line automatic particle-counting systems for liquids Methods of calibration and validation
27、ISO 16232-2, Road vehicles Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits Part 2: Method of extraction of contaminants by agitation ISO 16232-3, Road vehicles Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits Part 3: Method of extraction of contaminants by pressure rinsing ISO 16232-4, Road vehicles Cleanlin
28、ess of components of fluid circuits Part 4: Method of extraction of contaminants by ultrasonic techniques ISO 16232-5, Road vehicles Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits Part 5: Method of extraction of contaminants on functional test bench ISO 16232-7, Road vehicles Cleanliness of components
29、of fluid circuits Part 7: Particle sizing and counting by microscopic analysis ISO 16232-10, Road vehicles Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits Part 10: Expression of results BS ISO 16232-9:20072 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO
30、 16232-1 apply. 4 Principle Extraction samples are passed through the sensing volume of an APC where particles are sized and counted based on the calibration of the instrument with particles of defined properties. The primary result obtained is the quantitative particle size distribution of the cont
31、aminants contained in the analysed sample, either differential and/or cumulative. The analysis procedure consists of the following basic steps: a) cleaning the analysis equipment; b) conditioning the extraction liquid; c) analysis of the extraction liquid and analysis of a subsequent rinsing liquid;
32、 d) expression of results. NOTE 1 Further information on APCs is given in Annex A. NOTE 2 An example of the procedure is given in Annex B. Immediately after the extraction sample has been analysed, a subsequent sample of clean rinsing liquid shall be analysed likewise in order to characterise all de
33、tectable particles remaining in the analysis set up. The particle counts from the subsequent sample shall be added to the counts obtained from the extraction sample. NOTE 3 For correct operation of the APC, there is only one particle in the sensor at any one time, otherwise errors from particle coin
34、cidence will be experienced. The particles are sized in terms of the amount of light reduced by the passage of the particle through the light beam, and the relationship between extinction signal and size is obtained by calibration. It is referenced to the equivalent spherical diameter of calibration
35、 material. The measurement principle is seen in Figure 1. X = Lmax= 20m Projection area = 176,7 m Particle to be sized Particle size reported by APC X = D = 15 m Projection area = 176,7 m Figure 1 Particle sizing by APC based on diameter of equivalent projection area During analysis, all care shall
36、be taken not to degrade or additionally contaminate the extraction sample and not to loose any particle e.g. due to sedimentation or adhesion. As the function of parts and components can be impaired due to single or a few critical particles, a complete analysis of the total volume of the extraction
37、sample is essential. BS ISO 16232-9:200735 Equipment 5.1 General All equipment for the analysis shall be sufficiently clean so as not to affect the results of the analysis. This is validated by the blank analysis (see 7.3). 5.2 Liquids Liquids are used to both clean and rinse the equipment before an
38、d after analysis, and for diluting the extraction liquid prior to analysis. All liquids used shall be totally miscible with one another if used sequentially and shall be compatible with the equipment used. The liquids shall be cleaned by filtering prior to use to give an appropriate cleanliness leve
39、l. Only clear single phase liquids without interface and with low viscosity (aqueous liquids or solvents) may be used. The refractive index of the liquids shall be similar to the one of the liquid used for calibration of the sensor. NOTE Use of liquids with a refractive index different from the refr
40、active index of the liquid used for calibration may cause counting and sizing errors. 5.2.1 Diluent and rinsing liquid A suitable liquid for diluting the sample and for rinsing the analysis set-up shall be filtered through a membrane filter or a suitable cartridge filter (e.g. 0,45 m). The refractiv
41、e index of the liquid shall not differ from that of the extraction liquid by more than 10 %. The cleanliness level of the liquid shall be checked and validated before use. This is validated when performing the blank test of the set-up (e.g. according to ISO 16232-2). 5.2.2 Clean-up filter Clean-up f
42、ilters for liquids are chosen to achieve the required cleanliness level and have a retention capacity such that it does not require replacement too often in order not to introduce particles. 5.2.3 Liquid dispensers Liquid dispensers, fitted with a suitable membrane filter directly at the outlet or f
43、illed with pre-filtered liquid. 5.2.4 Filtration apparatus Filtration apparatus, suitable for filtering the various liquids used in the procedure. 5.3 Sample containers The containers are normally cylindrical glass or polypropylene bottles, fitted with either a suitable nonshedding threaded cap form
44、ing a seal with the bottle without the use of an insert, or a cap with a suitable internal seal. The bottle should be flat-bottomed and wide-necked to facilitate cleaning. Sample containers (bottles) shall be cleaned so as to fulfil the blank requirement. These containers can be used for transportat
45、ion and storage of the extraction liquid (if required) and in the dilution of extraction samples. BS ISO 16232-9:20074 5.4 Additional equipment 5.4.1 Analysis reservoir Conical shaped container, equipped with a non-shedding stirrer, to hold the liquid sample and serve as the supply reservoir for the
46、 APC and sampling apparatus. It also serves to ensure that contaminants are put in homogeneous suspension and air bubbles are removed prior to analysis. NOTE The outlet for the APC should preferably be located at the lowest point of the bottom of the reservoir. The stirrer chosen shall not modify th
47、e size distribution of the extracted particles. 5.4.2 Sampling device Pump or similar device and related pipework used for directing the liquid through the sensor of the APC. Examples of configurations are given in Annex C. NOTE For any combination of APC and sampling apparatus used, it is safeguard
48、ed that even a single large sized particle contained in the analysis reservoir can be fed to the sensor of the APC. 5.4.3 Stirrer Non-magnetic device with adjustable speed, integrated into the analysis reservoir. A magnetic stirrer in the analysis set-up shall not be used for samples containing ferr
49、ous or other magnetic particles. If such a stirrer is fitted as standard equipment, remove or negate the drive magnet. 5.4.4 Flowmeter Calibrated device mounted downstream from the sensor to measure the extraction sample flow rate. Its accuracy shall match the flow regulation required by the sensor, and shall be stated by the APC manufacturer. A flowmeter shall be required if a controlled syringe is not used (see Annex C). 5.4.5 Device for degassing (optional) Device for d
