1、BS ISO 16254:2016Acoustics Measurementof sound emitted by roadvehicles of category M andN at standstill and low speedoperation EngineeringmethodBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 16254:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is
2、 the UK implementation of ISO 16254:2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/1/2, Transport noise.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary
3、provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 79649 4ICS 17.140.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was publi
4、shed under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2016.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 16254:2016 ISO 2016Acoustics Measurement of sound emitted by road vehicles of category M and N at standstill and low speed operation Engineering methodAco
5、ustique Mesurage du bruit mis par les vhicules routiers de catgories M et N larrt et en fonctionnement basse vitesse Mthode dexpertiseINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO16254First edition2016-05-01Reference numberISO 16254:2016(E)BS ISO 16254:2016ISO 16254:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTE
6、CTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
7、 written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 16254
8、:2016ISO 16254:2016(E)Foreword vIntroduction vi1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 24 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 35 Instrumentation 45.1 Instruments for acoustic measurement 45.1.1 General 45.1.2 Calibration . 55.1.3 Compliance with requirements . 55.2 Instrumentation f
9、or speed measurements . 55.3 Meteorological instrumentation 56 Acoustic environment, meteorological conditions, and background noise 66.1 Test site 66.1.1 General 66.1.2 Outdoor testing . 66.1.3 Indoor hemi anechoic or anechoic testing 76.1.4 Indoor external sound generation system testing 96.2 Mete
10、orological conditions . 96.2.1 General 96.2.2 Outdoor measurements . 96.2.3 Indoor measurements . 96.3 Background noise . 96.3.1 Measurement criteria for A-weighted sound pressure level . 96.3.2 Vehicle A-weighted sound pressure level measurement correction criteria 106.3.3 Background noise requirem
11、ents when analysing in one-third-octave bands .116.3.4 Measurement background noise when testing a component 127 Test procedures 127.1 Full vehicle testing 127.1.1 Microphone positions .127.1.2 Conditions of the vehicle 127.1.3 Test mass of vehicle 137.1.4 Tyre selection and condition 137.1.5 Operat
12、ing conditions .137.1.6 Measurement readings and reported values 157.1.7 Data compilation .167.1.8 Standstill results 167.1.9 Slow speed cruise result at 10 km/h .167.1.10 Reported value 167.2 Measurement of sound to determine frequency shift 167.2.1 General. 167.2.2 Instrumentation 177.2.3 Signal p
13、rocessing requirements 177.2.4 Test facilities . 177.2.5 Frequency shift measurement test procedure 177.3 Measurement uncertainty 208 Test report 21Annex A (informative) Information on development of ISO 16254 22Annex B (informative) Development of frequency shift information .24 ISO 2016 All rights
14、 reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 16254:2016ISO 16254:2016(E)Annex C (informative) Relevance of objective acoustic data to pedestrian safety .26Annex D (informative) Measurement uncertainty Framework for analysis according to ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 (GUM) .28Annex E (normative) Testing requirements for re
15、duced uncertainty 34Annex F (informative) Frequency identification of tones using the fast Fourier transformation .35Annex G (informative) Flowchart of the procedure for measurement and reporting of background noise .37Annex H (informative) Flowchart for the procedure to correct A-weighted sound pre
16、ssure levels 38Annex I (informative) Flowchart for the procedure to report A-weighted one-third-octave-band sound pressure levels 39Bibliography .40iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 16254:2016ISO 16254:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federat
17、ion of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committe
18、e. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and th
19、ose intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2
20、(see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the do
21、cument will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms an
22、d expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 1
23、, Noise, in collaboration with ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 16254:2016ISO 16254:2016(E)IntroductionThe advent of road transport vehicles that rely, in whole or in part, on alternative drive trains (e.g. electromotive propulsion) are serving to reduce both air and no
24、ise pollution and their adverse impacts on citizens throughout the world. However, the environmental benefits achieved to date by these “hybrid or pure electric” road vehicles have resulted in the unintended consequence of removing a source of audible signal that is used by various groups of pedestr
25、ians (e.g. in particular, blind and low vision persons) to detect the approach, presence and/or departure of road vehicles.Therefore, this International Standard has been developed to provide a method to measure the sound emission of road vehicles in standstill and low speed operation, as well as to
26、 quantify the characteristics of any external sound-generation system installed for the purpose of conveying acoustic information about the approach, presence and/or departure of the vehicle to nearby pedestrians.This International Standard was developed in cooperation with the Society of Automotive
27、 Engineers (SAE) Vehicle Sound for Pedestrians Subcommittee.vi ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 16254:2016Acoustics Measurement of sound emitted by road vehicles of category M and N at standstill and low speed operation Engineering method1 ScopeThis International Standard is derived from ISO 362-1
28、 and specifies an engineering method for measuring the sound emitted by M and N category road vehicles at standstill and low speed operating conditions. The specifications reproduce the level of sound which is generated by the principal vehicle sound sources consistent with stationary and low speed
29、vehicle operating conditions relevant for pedestrian safety. The method is designed to meet the requirements of simplicity as far as they are consistent with reproducibility of results under the operating conditions of the vehicle.The test method requires an acoustic environment which is only obtain
30、ed in an extensive open space. Such conditions usually exist during the following: measurements of vehicles for regulatory certification; measurements at the manufacturing stage; measurements at official testing stations.The results obtained by this method give an objective measure of the sound emit
31、ted under the specified conditions of test. It is necessary to consider the fact that the subjective appraisal of the annoyance, perceptibility, and/or detectability of different motor vehicles or classes of motor vehicles due to their sound emission are not simply related to the indications of a so
32、und measurement system. As annoyance, perceptibility and/or detectability are strongly related to personal human perception, physiological human condition, culture, and environmental conditions, there are large variations and therefore these terms are not useful as parameters to describe a specific
33、vehicle condition.Spot checks of vehicles chosen at random rarely occur in an ideal acoustic environment. If measurements are carried out on the road in an acoustic environment which does not fulfil the requirements stated in this International Standard, the results obtained might deviate appreciabl
34、y from the results obtained using the specified conditions.In addition, this International Standard provides an engineering method to measure the performance of external sound generation systems intended for the purpose of providing acoustic information to pedestrians on a vehicles operating conditi
35、on. This information is reported as objective criteria related to the external sound generation systems sound pressure level, frequency content, and changes in sound pressure level and frequency content as a function of vehicle speed. As such, these measures can provide pedestrians with information
36、on the location, speed, acceleration, and deceleration behaviour of a vehicle. Annex A contains background information relevant in the development of this International Standard.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are in
37、dispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 3621, Measurement of noise emitted by accelerating road vehicles Engineering method Part 1: M and N cate
38、goriesINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16254:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 16254:2016ISO 16254:2016(E)ISO 10844, Acoustics Specification of test tracks for measuring noise emitted by road vehicles and their tyresISO 26101, Acoustics Test methods for the qualification of free-field environme
39、ntsIEC 60942, Electroacoustics Sound calibratorsIEC 612601, Electroacoustics Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters Part 1: SpecificationsIEC 616721, Electroacoustics Sound level meters Part 1: SpecificationsSAE J28891, Measurement of Minimum Noise Emitted by Road VehiclesISO/IEC Guide 983,
40、Uncertainty of measurement Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 3621 and SAE J28891 and the following apply.3.1front reference planevertical plane tangent to the leadin
41、g edge of the vehicle3.2rear reference planevertical plane tangent to the trailing edge of the vehicle3.3external sound generation systemsystem that provides an acoustic signal to the external environment of the vehicle for the purpose to provide information to pedestrians3.4componentexternal sound
42、generation system (3.3) intended to emit sound information which can be tested separately from the vehicle3.5kerb masscomplete shipping mass of a vehicle fitted with all equipment necessary for normal operation plus the mass of the following elements for M1, N1 and M2 having a maximum authorized mas
43、s not exceeding 3 500 kg: lubricants, coolant (if needed), washer fluid; fuel (tank filled to at least 90 % of the capacity specified by the manufacturer); other equipment if included as basic parts for the vehicle, such as spare wheel(s), wheel chocks, fire extinguisher(s), spare parts and tool kit
44、Note 1 to entry: The definition of kerb mass can vary from country to country, but in this International Standard it refers to the definition contained in ISO 1176.Note 2 to entry: M and N vehicle categories are defined in SAE J28891 and ISO 362-1.3.6mass in running ordernominal mass of an N2, N3 or
45、 M2 vehicle having a maximum authorized mass greater than 3 500 kg, or an M3 vehicle as determined by the following conditions:2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 16254:2016ISO 16254:2016(E)a) the mass in running order is taken as the sum of the unladen vehicle mass and the drivers mass;b) in the c
46、ase of category M2 and M3 vehicles that include seating positions for additional crewmembers, their mass is incorporated in the same way and equal to that of the driverNote 1 to entry: The drivers mass is calculated in accordance with ISO 2416.Note 2 to entry: Unladen vehicle mass is defined in ISO
47、362-1.3.7full vehicle operationoperation of a vehicle with all systems and components operating according to the manufacturers specification for normal road use3.8simulated vehicle operationoperation of a vehicle with some systems or components disabled to reduce noise interference during testing wh
48、ich may include external signals applied to the vehicle to simulate actual in-use signals3.9lowest frequency of interestfrequency below which there is no signal content relevant to the measurement of sound emission for the vehicle under test4 Symbols and abbreviated termsTable 1 Symbols and abbrevia
49、ted terms and the paragraph in which they are first usedSymbol Unit Subclause ExplanationAA 7.1.5.1Line perpendicular to vehicle travel which indicates the beginning of the zone to record sound pressure level during test.BB 7.1.5.1Line perpendicular to vehicle travel which indicates end of the zone to record sound pressure level during test.1- 7dB D.2Input quantities to allow for any uncertainty in A-weighted sound pressure level.8- 14dB D.3Input quantities to allow for any uncert
