1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 16468:2015Investment castings (steel,nickel alloys and cobaltalloys) General technicalrequirementsBS ISO 16468:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 16468:2015. It supersedes BS ISO 16468:2005 which is withdrawn.Th
2、e UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ISE/111, Steel Castings and Forgings.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. U
3、sers are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 76505 6 ICS 77.140.80 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authorit
4、y of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 16468:2015 ISO 2015Investment castings (steel, nickel alloys and cobalt alloys) General technical requirementsPices moules en cire perdue (acier, allia
5、ges de nickel et alliages de cobalt) Exigences techniques gnralesINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO16468Second edition2015-10-01Reference numberISO 16468:2015(E)BS ISO 16468:2015ISO 16468:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved.
6、 Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at
7、the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 16468:2015ISO 16468:2015(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 1
8、3 Terms and definitions . 14 Materials and manufacture . 24.1 Melting process. 24.2 Remelting process 25 Inspection and testing 25.1 General requirements . 25.2 Sampling . 26 Retests . 87 Cleaning and dressing . 88 Quality . 89 Production welds . 810 Supplementary requirements 810.1 General . 810.2
9、Agreed manufacturing procedure 810.3 Magnetic particle inspection . 810.4 Radiographic inspection . 810.5 Liquid penetrant inspection 910.6 Ultrasonic inspection . 910.7 Inspection of weld preparation 910.8 Prior agreement relating to major finishing welds . 910.9 Impact test at low temperatures . 9
10、10.10 Hardness test 910.10.1 Brinell 910.10.2 Rockwell 910.10.3 Vickers 910.11 Specified ferrite range in austenitic and austenitic ferritic stainless steels . 910.12 Unspecified elements . 1010.13 Test material removed from castings . 1010.14 Tensile test blocks and specimen locations for castings
11、1010.15 Weld maps (sketches) 1010.16 Chemical analysis Testing frequency . 1010.17 Tensile test Testing frequency 1010.18 Inspection documents . 1010.19 Marking 1010.20 Decarburization 1010.21 Metallurgical cleanliness . 10Bibliography .12 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 16468:20
12、15ISO 16468:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a sub
13、ject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (I
14、EC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be
15、noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifyi
16、ng any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience
17、of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Suppl
18、ementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 17, Steel, Subcommittee SC 11, Steel castings.This second edition replaces the first edition (ISO 16468:2005), which has been technically revised with the following changes: Clause 2, two standards added; 3.3, revised; 3.4, de
19、leted; 10.6, reference made to ISO 4992-1 and ISO 4992-2.iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 16468:2015INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16468:2015(E)Investment castings (steel, nickel alloys and cobalt alloys) General technical requirements1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies technical requireme
20、nts for castings (steel, nickel alloys, and cobalt alloys) produced by the investment-casting process. The International Standards specifying metallurgical material requirements for steel, nickel alloy, and cobalt alloy casting grades are listed in the Bibliography.The requirements stated in this In
21、ternational Standard form an integral part of the material specification. In cases of conflict, the requirements of this specification take precedence over the individual material specification requirements.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively reference
22、d in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 4986, Steel castings Magnetic particle inspectionISO 4987, Steel castings L
23、iquid penetrant inspectionISO 4990, Steel castings General technical delivery requirementsISO 4992-1, Steel castings Ultrasonic examination Part 1: Steel castings for general purposesISO 4992-2, Steel castings Ultrasonic examination Part 2: Steel castings for highly stressed componentsISO 4993, Stee
24、l castings Radiographic inspectionISO 6506-1, Metallic materials Brinell hardness test Part 1: Test methodISO 6507-1, Metallic materials Vickers hardness test Part 1: Test methodISO 6508-1, Metallic materials Rockwell hardness test Part 1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T)ISO 1047
25、4, Steel and steel products Inspection documentsISO 11970, Specification and approval of welding procedures for production welding of steel castingsISO 13520, Determination of ferrite content in austenitic stainless steel castings3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the followin
26、g terms and definitions apply.3.1primary heatmastermother heatmeltquantity of metal processed in a single furnace or refining vessel at one time, in such a manner, as to produce the desired composition and properties ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 16468:2015ISO 16468:2015(E)3.2sub-heatmeltprod
27、uction heatdaughter heatportion of a primary heat remelted for pouring into castings3.3investment castinglost wax castingmetal casting that is produced in a ceramic shell or mould using an expendable patternNote 1 to entry: The expendable pattern may consist of wax, plastics, or other material, and
28、is removed prior to filling the mould with liquid metal.4 Materials and manufacture4.1 Melting processPrimary heats shall be made by the electric furnace process, with or without separate refining, such as argon-oxygen-decarburization (AOD), vacuum-oxygen-decarburization (VOD), vacuum-induction-melt
29、ing (VIM), etc., unless otherwise specified in the individual specification or agreed upon between the purchaser and manufacturer. Primary heats may be used directly for producing castings or converted into ingot, bar, shot, or other suitable form, for later remelting as a sub-heat.4.2 Remelting pro
30、cessSub-heats shall be produced from primary-heat metal in suitable batch sizes by an electric induction furnace, with or without atmosphere protection, such as vacuum or inert gas, unless otherwise specified in the individual specification or agreed upon between the purchaser and manufacturer. Reve
31、rt (gates, sprues, risers, and rejected castings) shall not be remelted except in primary heats. Additions of up to 5 %, by mass, are permitted for compositional adjustments and deoxidation.5 Inspection and testing5.1 General requirementsThe general requirements for inspection and testing shall be i
32、n accordance with ISO 4990, except as described in 5.2.5.2 Sampling5.2.1 If castings are poured directly from one or more primary heats, then the samples for chemical and other required testing shall also be poured directly from each of the primary heats.5.2.2 Unless otherwise specified by the purch
33、aser, test blocks may be taken from castings, may be cast integrally with the castings, or may be cast in separate moulds of the same type and materials as those used for the castings. Samples for the determination of the chemical composition may be cast in other types of mould.5.2.3 If castings are
34、 poured from a sub-heat, then the samples for chemical and other required tests shall also be poured from a sub-heat of the same primary melt, but not necessarily from the same sub-melt as the castings. The sub-melt used for the test samples shall be produced using the same practices and additions a
35、s used for the castings.2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 16468:2015ISO 16468:2015(E)5.2.4 Examples of test blocks which may be used for mechanical testing are shown in Figure 1, except when 10.14 is specified. The test block in Figure 1 d) may be employed only for austenitic alloy castings with
36、a ruling thickness less than 65 mm.Dimensions in millimetresa) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 16468:2015ISO 16468:2015(E)b)c)4 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 16468:2015ISO 16468:2015(E)d) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 16468:2015ISO 16468:2015(E)e)f)6 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS I
37、SO 16468:2015ISO 16468:2015(E)g)h)Keyt taperaalternativeFigure 1 Test blocks ISO 2015 All rights reserved 7BS ISO 16468:2015ISO 16468:2015(E)6 RetestsIn addition to the requirements of ISO 4990, if any specimen shows defective machining or develops flaws, it may be discarded and another specimen sub
38、stituted from the same primary heat.7 Cleaning and dressingAll the castings shall be cleaned and dressed sufficiently to determine compliance with the requirements of Clause 8. Additional dressing may be agreed at the time of the enquiry and order.If the pattern is supplied by the purchaser, or is p
39、roduced using a die supplied by the purchaser, the dimensions of the casting shall be as produced by the pattern or die.8 Quality8.1 Visual standards for acceptance shall be agreed between the purchaser and manufacturer. ISO 11971 may be used to specify visual surface standards. Other surface condit
40、ions shall meet the visual acceptance standards specified in the order. Unacceptable visual surface discontinuities shall be removed and their removal verified by visual examination.8.2 When additional inspection is desired, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, or 10.7 may be specified.9 Production weldsProducti
41、on welding shall be in accordance with the requirements of ISO 11970.10 Supplementary requirements10.1 GeneralOne or more of the following supplementary requirements may be applied when specified in the enquiry and order. Additional supplementary requirements may also be found in ISO 4990. Details o
42、f these supplementary requirements shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser at the time of the enquiry and order. The specified tests shall be carried out before delivery of the castings.10.2 Agreed manufacturing procedureAt the time of enquiry and order, the purchaser may require prio
43、r approval of the manufacturing process.10.3 Magnetic particle inspectionCastings shall be inspected for surface and near-surface discontinuities by magnetic particle inspection. The inspection shall be in accordance with ISO 4986. The extent of inspection and the basis for acceptance shall be agree
44、d upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.10.4 Radiographic inspectionCastings shall be inspected for internal defects by means of X-rays or gamma rays. The procedure shall be in accordance with ISO 4993. The extent of inspection and the basis for acceptance shall be agreed upon between the
45、manufacturer and purchaser.8 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 16468:2015ISO 16468:2015(E)10.5 Liquid penetrant inspectionCastings shall be inspected for surface discontinuities by means of liquid penetrant inspection. The inspection shall be in accordance with ISO 4987. Areas to be inspected, meth
46、ods and types of liquid penetrants to be used, developing procedure, and the basis for acceptance shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.10.6 Ultrasonic inspectionCastings shall be inspected for internal defects by means of ultrasonic inspection. The procedure shall be in accord
47、ance with ISO 4992-1 or ISO 4992-2. The extent of inspection and the basis for acceptance shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.10.7 Inspection of weld preparationSurfaces prepared for welding shall be inspected, using the same methods and acceptance criteria as specified for t
48、he casting, to verify removal of discontinuities.10.8 Prior agreement relating to major finishing weldsThe requirements related to major finishing welds shall be in accordance with ISO 4990.10.9 Impact test at low temperaturesThe requirements related to the impact test at low temperatures shall be i
49、n accordance with ISO 4990.10.10 Hardness test10.10.1 BrinellBrinell hardness tests at specified locations of the castings shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 6506-1, and shall be reported.10.10.2 RockwellRockwell hardness tests at specified locations of the castings shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 6508-1, and shall be reported.10.10.3 VickersVickers hardness tests at specified locations of the castings shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 6507-1, and shall be reported
