1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 17381:2003 BS 6068-2.88:2003 Water quality Selection and application of ready-to-use test kit methods in water analysis ICS 13.060.45 BS ISO 17381:2003 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 22 December 2003 B
2、SI 22 December 2003 ISBN 0 580 43154 1 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 17381:2003 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/3, Water quality, to Subcommittee EH/3/2, Physical, chemica
3、l and biochemical methods, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Cat
4、alogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its c
5、orrect application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests
6、informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 15 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this
7、document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments Reference number ISO 17381:2003(E) OSI 3002INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17381 First edition 2003-12-15 Water quality Selection and application of ready-to-use test kit methods in water anal
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13、groii ISO 3002 Allr ithgsr esedevrBSISO17381:2003IS:18371 O3002(E) I SO 3002 All irthgs ersedevr iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Classification of ready-to-use methods 2 5 Typical areas for the application of ready-to-use
14、methods 2 6 Selecting an analytical method . 3 7 Requirements for the application of ready-to-use methods. 4 8 Quality assurance . 7 9 Documentation 7 Annex A (informative) Decision-making process 9 Annex B (informative) Case studies for the decision-making process 10 BSISO17381:2003IS:18371 O3002(E
15、) iv I SO 3002 All irthgs ersedevrForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body int
16、erested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnic
17、al Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the
18、technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.
19、ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 17381 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147, Water quality. BSISO17381:2003IS:18371 O3002(E) I SO 3002 All irthgs ersedevr vIntroduction In water and waste-water monitoring, an appropriate, standardized pro
20、cedure exists for practically every parameter to be investigated. However, in certain circumstances, the employment of a simpler, faster and often more economical method is preferred, provided that this does not entail a breach of legislation. This International Standard refers to methods for the an
21、alysis of water samples which can be undertaken outside the analytical laboratory, either on-site or as a field test, when the purpose of the test is to characterize the water under test for either quality or control purposes. In the case of determinands which are unstable after sampling, and which
22、cannot be stabilized, ready-to-use methods provide the most suitable means of obtaining reliable test results. The test methods are simple procedures for use by a non-chemist after suitable training as well as by the trained chemist. The methods described in this International Standard are not inten
23、ded as a substitute for, or alternative to, other standards on the quantitative analysis of waters, which remain the reference methods for use in the laboratory. The choice of the most suitable method depends upon the type of analysis required, and on the necessary quality of the results. This Inter
24、national Standard is intended to set out boundary conditions for selecting a non-standardized analytical method and to define the requirements with regard to both the application and the production of ready-to-use methods. When applying the information contained in this International Standard, highl
25、y specialized expert knowledge is required when selecting suitable methods, whereas less stringent demands are made upon the subsequent application, in particular of simplified methods. BSISO17381:2003blank BSISO17381:2003INTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS:18371 O3002(E)I SO 3002 All irthgs ersedevr 1Water q
26、uality Selection and application of ready-to-use test kit methods in water analysis WARNING Persons using this standard should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
27、of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions. 1 Scope This International Standard gives guidance on the selection, and requirements for the application, of ready-to- use methods in water analysis. The so-called “rea
28、dy-to-use methods“ are of increasing interest because, compared to standard methods, they allow fast and often inexpensive results for analytical problems. Under certain conditions these methods can be applied in routine control of water quality, provided they give reliable results. This Internation
29、al Standard deals with practical aspects concerning quantitative ready-to-use methods. Statistical evaluations for establishing the equivalence of ready-to-use methods and standard methods are only mentioned briefly. As the available ready-to-use methods are based on different analytical principles
30、and also show different degrees of accuracy, they are classified into several groups. The aim of this International Standard is to set up criteria as to when the different kinds of ready-to-use methods may be applied for the analysis of distinct parameters in water samples (e.g. potable water, river
31、 water, process water, waste water) and which steps are necessary to prove their suitability for a certain application. Ready-to-use methods have to meet special requirements because they are often used by non-chemists. This International Standard lists requirements for the producers of these tests,
32、 concerning safety and environmental aspects as well as handling and a description of the procedure. There are also several requirements concerning the training and supervision of the users of ready-to-use methods. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the a
33、pplication of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 8466-1, Water quality Calibration and evaluation of analytical methods and estimation of performance charac
34、teristics Part 1: Statistical evaluation of the linear calibration function ISO 8466-2, Water quality Calibration and evaluation of analytical methods and estimation of performance characteristics Part 2: Calibration strategy for non-linear second-order calibration functions ISO/TR 13530, Water qual
35、ity Guide to analytical quality control for water analysis BSISO17381:2003IS:18371 O3002(E) 2 I SO 3002 All irthgs ersedevr3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 reference method analytical method that is stipulated by law and is usu
36、ally standardized 3.2 ready-to-use method analytical method that is ready-made for use, and may be employed in the field with no need for a laboratory NOTE A more familiar name is “field method“. 3.3 decision value discrete indication of concentration derived from legal, technical and other requirem
37、ents 3.4 accuracy degree of agreement of the observed value with the true value of the quantity of interest NOTE Both random and systematic errors can contribute to a reduction in accuracy. 4 Classification of ready-to-use methods Ready-to-use methods are characterized by their readiness for use and
38、 their suitability for use in the field. As a rule they require less expenditure, less technical equipment and less expertise than the corresponding reference method. Depending upon the nature of the task involved and the method employed, the quality of the analytical results obtained using ready-to
39、-use methods may equal the result gained when applying the corresponding standardized methods. Ready-to-use methods may be classified according to various different aspects: a) according to the type of method (e.g. photometric cuvette test, comparator test, test sticks, simple volumetric determinati
40、on); b) according to the accuracy of the reading of a discrete analytical finding, or of a range of results. Ready-to-use methods are frequently based on standard methods that have been miniaturized to allow their direct application. They may also differ in part from the standard method in their met
41、hod of detection. 5 Typical areas for the application of ready-to-use methods 5.1 General Case studies outlining the use of ready-to-use methods in the different areas of application are contained in Annex B. Ready-to-use methods constitute a useful addition to standard procedures in the following a
42、reas. BSISO17381:2003IS:18371 O3002(E) I SO 3002 All irthgs ersedevr 35.2 Screening Ready-to-use methods may be used for preselection of samples for analysis in the laboratory, and selection of the most suitable analytical method (concentration range, interferences). 5.3 Faults in waste-water facili
43、ties Ready-to-use methods may be used for rapid detection of the uncontrolled ingress of pollutants in waste- water facilities. 5.4 Accidents with damaging consequences for surface water and ground water Ready-to-use methods are a particularly useful means of limiting the amount of damage in the eve
44、nt of accidents, due to the rapid availability of the analytical information that they provide. 5.5 Control measurements in waste water, drinking water, swimming-pool water, surface water, water containing fish, and water for maintaining aquatic animal and plant life Ready-to-use methods are employe
45、d, for example, for monitoring compliance with the permissible concentration range for a given parameter. 5.6 Monitoring of processes Ready-to-use methods can be used to monitor and control processes (e.g. in waste-water facilities, production plants, internal water treatment plants and disinfection
46、 systems). 5.7 Testing for the presence of a given substance The question as to whether or not a given substance (e.g. cyanide in waste water) is present may also be answered by means of ready-to-use methods. The desired detection limit and ability of the test to overcome possible interference from
47、other components in the test sample are the decisive factors in selecting the most suitable ready-to-use method. 6 Selecting an analytical method 6.1 Selection criteria The following criteria should be taken into consideration when selecting the appropriate analytical method. The decision-making pro
48、cess (see flow chart in Annex A) shall be documented. A prerequisite is a known parameter. a) Basic premises: question posed by analysis/aim of determination; parameter definition (individual species, e.g. total Fe, Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ ). b) Field of application: concentration range; matrix; method limita
49、tions/interferences. BSISO17381:2003IS:18371 O3002(E) 4 I SO 3002 All irthgs ersedevrc) Boundary conditions: rapidity (in relation to aim of determination); mobility (in the field, etc.); cost; quality target of analysis; frequency of use (continuous, once only); qualification of personnel; legal stipulations; availability and/or ease of acquisition. The criteria shall be weighted differently depending
