1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 17480:2015Packaging Accessible design Ease of openingBS ISO 17480:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 17480:2015. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PKW/0/-/12, Packaging
2、- Ease of opening.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015.Publi
3、shed by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 80195 2 ICS 55.020 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued si
4、nce publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e d ISO 2015Packaging Accessible design Ease of openingEmballages Conception accessible Facilit douvertureINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO 17480First edition 2015-03-01Reference number ISO 17480:2015(E)BS ISO 17480:2015ISO 17480:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reserved
5、COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written pe
6、rmission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 17480:20
7、15ISO 17480:2015(E)Contents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Accessible design of ease of opening . 24.1 General . 24.1.1 Context of use . 24.1.2 Opening strength . 24.1.3 Dexterity 24.1.4 Cognition . 34.2 Specific considerations 34.2.1 Ope
8、ning location 34.2.2 Methods and mechanisms of opening the package . 34.2.3 Force and handling aspects 34.2.4 Reclosing of the package . 35 Evaluation of ease of opening . 45.1 General . 45.2 Instrument-based evaluation . 45.3 User-based evaluation 46 Conformance . 4Annex A (informative) Examples of
9、 opening-types 6Annex B (informative) Examples of mechanical evaluation methods .10Annex C (informative) Relation of human strength and dexterity to the opening of packages .18Annex D (informative) Consumer panel test for ease of opening 23Annex E (informative) Relation of human cognition to the ope
10、ning of packages .31Annex F (informative) Designers checklist .36Annex G (informative) Checklist for conformance with this International Standard .39Bibliography .41 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiBS ISO 17480:2015ISO 17480:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is
11、a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represent
12、ed on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop t
13、his document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC
14、Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the de
15、velopment of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of IS
16、O specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword Supplementary information .The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 122, Packagi
17、ng.iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 17480:2015ISO 17480:2015(E)IntroductionIn our ageing world, there has been increasing awareness of full and effective participation of older persons and persons with disabilities in society on an equal basis. A common challenge facing the packaging industry i
18、n the world is to develop packages which are easy to open for more people, including older persons and persons with disabilities.Ease of opening in packaging adds more value to the usability of packaged products. In addition to sealing performance, greater consideration needs to be given to ease-of-
19、opening function when designing packaging.While degrees of ease of opening and satisfaction of opening can vary widely in ages, sex, physical ability, and features, etc., this International Standard addresses essential points to enhance ease of opening in packaging from accessible design viewpoints.
20、 ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS ISO 17480:2015BS ISO 17480:2015Packaging Accessible design Ease of opening1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies requirements and recommendations for the accessible design for packaging with a focus on ease of opening. It applies to reclosable and non-reclosab
21、le consumer packaging without using any other mechanical means. This International Standard covers the design aspects addressing openability including opening location, opening methods, as well as evaluation techniques, both instrumented and user-based. This International Standard is primarily for d
22、esigners, developers, and evaluators of packaging and will also be useful for other disciplines.For products regulated for safety or other reasons (e.g. toxic or dangerous goods and substances, medicinal products, and medical devices), those regulations take precedence.2 Normative referencesThe foll
23、owing documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 21067, Packa
24、ging Vocabulary3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 21067 and the following apply.3.1consumer packagingpackaging, constituting, with its contents, a sales unit to the final user or consumer at the point of retailSOURCE: ISO 210673.2openabil
25、ityextent to which package contents can be accessed easily with regards to human factors (e.g. strength, dexterity, and cognition)Note 1 to entry: Packaging with poor openability means that the contents are perceived as difficult to access.3.3strengthamount of force needed to achieve an intended tas
26、k3.4dexterityextent to which a user can manipulate and handle an object3.5cognitionextent to which a user can understand the appropriate information as it is intended3.6instrument-based evaluationevaluation that uses measurement instruments to obtain quantified data, such as force and torque levels
27、in physical testingINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17480:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 17480:2015ISO 17480:2015(E)3.7user-based evaluationevaluation that uses a method involving users with or without the use of measurement instruments and provides insight into the users sensory, physical,
28、and cognitive aspects3.8reclosable packagepackage which, after it has been initially opened, is capable of being reclosed with a similar degree of security and is capable of being used a sufficient number of times to dispense the total contents without loss of securitySOURCE: ISO 8317:20033.9pull-ta
29、b packagepackage that can be opened by pulling the ring installed on the upper or side part of the packageNote 1 to entry: It is the general term for full-open tab package, stay-on tab package, and any other tab-attached package.3.10full-open tab packagepackage whose lid can be fully opened by pulli
30、ng the tab3.11stay-on tab packagepackage that can be opened by pulling the tab which will not be detached after the package is opened4 Accessible design of ease of opening4.1 General4.1.1 Context of useThe packaging design shall encompass the context of use for the package. This should be achieved b
31、y considering the following: identification of the main goals (e.g. access to the contents); identification of the tasks needed to achieve intended goals (e.g. gripping, lifting, pulling, etc.); specify intended users, taking into consideration the variety of physical, psychological, and cultural ch
32、aracteristics; specify the environments in which the package is (or is intended to be) used. Those attributes of the physical or social environment are likely to have impacts on achieving the goals.4.1.2 Opening strengthThe nominal force to open the package shall be achievable by the intended users.
33、 This force should be as low as possible without compromising the packaging integrity. Information on aspects of opening strength is shown in Annex C.4.1.3 DexterityThe packaging opening mechanism shall be designed so that it is easily manipulated by the users with the widest range of characteristic
34、s and capabilities. Information on aspects of dexterity is shown in Annex C.2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 17480:2015ISO 17480:2015(E)4.1.4 CognitionOpening of the packaging shall be designed so that it is easily understood by the user. Consideration should be given to a users sense of touch,
35、sight, etc. Information on human cognitive, visual and tactile aspects is shown in Annex E.4.2 Specific considerations4.2.1 Opening locationThe opening location shall be readily found and its use easily understood. This can be achieved by applying the following design considerations. The opening loc
36、ation is differentiated by visual markings using characters and/or imagery, such as pictograms. Visual markings are designed by appropriate combinations of colour, font size, font type, etc. The opening location is differentiated by tactile markings using shape, notches, embossing, texture, etc.NOTE
37、 Supporting data for human cognitive, visual and tactile aspects is in Annex E.4.2.2 Methods and mechanisms of opening the packageThe opening method and mechanism shall be easily identifiable and intuitively understandable. This can be achieved by applying the following design considerations. The op
38、ening methods and mechanisms (turn, tear, peel, pull, push, etc.) are clearly shown if not evident. The package is designed so that it can be opened smoothly, irrespective of the size or power of the users hands. The package is designed in such a way that spillage is prevented and that there is no r
39、isk of injury for the user.4.2.3 Force and handling aspectsThe forces and handling aspects of the opening shall result in favourable openability.The nominal force to open the package shall accommodate the large variety of the opening strength by the intended user (e.g. children, people with disabili
40、ties, and older people) and the packaging integrity.The package and its opening mechanisms shall be easily manipulated, taking into account the large variety of-users dexterities (e.g. children, people with disabilities, older people, etc.).NOTE Supporting data for strength and dexterity is in Annex
41、 C.4.2.4 Reclosing of the packageReclosing of the package (if applicable) shall be easy. This can be achieved by applying the following design considerations: reclosing method is easily understood if not clear immediately; reclosing method and procedure are made clear by using characters/imagery, su
42、ch as pictograms with appropriate combinations of their size, font, contrast, and colour; reclosable packages are designed so that they can be re-opened smoothly.EXAMPLE A touch or auditory (e.g. click) mechanism is used for reclosable packages to affirm that the package has been reclosed. ISO 2015
43、All rights reserved 3BS ISO 17480:2015ISO 17480:2015(E)5 Evaluation of ease of opening5.1 GeneralInstrument-based evaluation uses measuring instruments to obtain quantified data, such as force and torque levels in physical tests.Instrument-based methods in their current form (as shown in Annex B) wi
44、ll provide indicative measures as to the nominal values of opening torque or force required but are unlikely to establish exact limits on a users ability.Hence, user-based studies are needed to be undertaken in parallel with instrument-based studies to complement the results from those tests (i.e. i
45、f instrument evaluation consistently predicts lower opening forces on Pack A than Pack B, we would expect Pack A to be opened by more people more easily).User-based evaluation relies on methods involving humans with or without the use of measuring instruments.It provides insight into the users senso
46、ry, physical, and cognitive aspects of accessibility.5.2 Instrument-based evaluationInstrument test methods can provide quantitative data with regards to certain attributes, such as removal torque, peel strength, and ring pull force (mechanical). Evaluation of package design properties such as glare
47、, colour contrast, friction, size, weight, and temperature can be measured by different types of instruments.When designing a packaging to be easy to open, the data obtained from mechanical tests should be used in combination with other design criteria of importance, as those described under Clause
48、4. See Annex B and Annex C.The data generated by these instrument-based evaluation test methods can be used to compare characteristics of related packaging systems and to provide possible insights for improved designs.5.3 User-based evaluationPanel tests enable the qualitative assessment of packagin
49、g designs and allow the development of an understanding of users approach to packaging openability and handling. Panel tests can be used in conjunction with other qualitative research methods such as questionnaires and structured or unstructured interviews. Panel tests can aid in the development process and the resulting data can inform on the performance of a packaging against predetermined criteria.The data generated by these user-based evaluation test methods can provide possible insights for improved designs.Inste
