1、BS ISO 17488:2016Road vehicles Transportinformation and controlsystems Detection-responsetask (DRT) for assessingattentional effects of cognitiveload in drivingBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 17488:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis Bri
2、tish Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 17488:2016. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee AUE/12, Ergonomics (Road vehicles).A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport
3、 to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 84475 1 ICS 35.240.60; 43.040.15 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from lega
4、l obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 17488:2016 ISO 2016Road vehicles Transport information and control systems Detectio
5、n-response task (DRT) for assessing attentional effects of cognitive load in drivingVhicules routiers Systmes dInformation et de commande du transport Tche de Dtection-Rponse (DRT) pour lvaluation des effets attentionnels de la charge cognitive lors de la conduiteINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO17488First
6、edition2016-10-01Reference numberISO 17488:2016(E)BS ISO 17488:2016ISO 17488:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in an
7、y form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Bland
8、onnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 17488:2016ISO 17488:2016(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 24 Abbreviated terms 55 DRT methodology: Principles and overvi
9、ew . 56 Measurement methods and procedures 66.1 Participants 66.2 Experimental setup . 66.2.1 Non-driving experimental setup 66.2.2 Surrogate driving experimental setup 66.2.3 Driving simulator experimental setup 66.2.4 On-road experimental setup 66.3 Stimulus presentation. 66.3.1 Stimulus presentat
10、ion timing . 76.3.2 Visual stimulus specifications 86.4 Response method 106.5 Primary driving task . 116.6 Instructions to participants 116.7 Training procedure . 116.7.1 Secondary task training 126.7.2 DRT training 126.7.3 Primary task training 126.7.4 Training on multitasking . 126.8 Performance m
11、easures . 126.9 Analysing and interpreting DRT performance data .136.10 Checking data quality . 136.11 Use of DRT data in decision making 14Annex A (normative) Rationale 15Annex B (normative) Guidelines for selecting between variants of the DRT method .23Annex C (normative) Additional factors affect
12、ing DRT performance .25Annex D (informative) DRT variants .27Annex E (informative) Summary of results from the ISO-coordinated studies .38Bibliography .69 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 17488:2016ISO 17488:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) i
13、s a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represe
14、nted on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop
15、 this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IE
16、C Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the
17、development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of
18、ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.The committee responsible for this document
19、is ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 39, Ergonomics.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 17488:2016ISO 17488:2016(E)IntroductionDriving is a complex task consisting of a range of sub-tasks such as keeping the vehicle in the lane, avoiding other traffic and obstacles, observing road signs an
20、d signals, planning and initiating specific manoeuvres, scanning mirrors and navigating. In addition, drivers often engage in secondary tasks, not directly related to driving, such as operating the media player, conversing on the phone and reading road-side commercial signs.These different activitie
21、s place varying, and sometimes conflicting, demands on the driver. In order to manage the various driving and secondary tasks, the driver thus needs to allocate different resources, such as the eyes, hands, feet, perceptual systems, motor control systems and higher level cognitive functions, to the
22、different sub-tasks in a dynamic and flexible way. This allocation of resources to driving and non-driving activities may be generally conceptualized as driver attention. In most driving situations, attention is determined by an interaction of proactive (top-down, endogenous) processes based on anti
23、cipation of how the upcoming situation will develop and bottom-up processes (driven by exogenous stimuli) which can trigger attention to the situation when it does not develop as expected, even leading to a corrective action.There is a need for methods that can be used to assess how engagement in se
24、condary tasks affects driver attention. In general, the effect of a task on attention depends on the amount and type of resources demanded by the task. As outlined in further detail in Annex A, resources can be conceptualized at three general levels: sensory-actuator resources, perceptual-motor reso
25、urces and cognitive resources. Sensory/actuator resources refer to the basic interfaces between the driver and the environment used to sense the environment and perform overt actions. Examples include the eyes, the ears, the skin, the feet, the hands, the mouth, the vocal cords, etc. Perceptual/moto
26、r resources can be regarded as brain functions for controlling specific perceptual-motor activities, e.g. visual perception, manual tracking and hand-to-eye coordination. Finally, cognitive resources refer to brain systems implementing higher-level cognitive operations such as planning, decision mak
27、ing, error detection, sustaining information in working memory, dealing with novel or difficult situations and overcoming habitual actions. These types of high-level cognitive functions may be conceptualized in terms of cognitive control. While sensory-actuator and perceptual-motor resources are, at
28、 least to some extent, modality-specific, cognitive control can be regarded as a single resource with strongly limited capacity, not associated with any particular sensory modality. Cognitive load thus refers specifically to the demand for cognitive control that a task imposes on the driver.Several
29、existing and draft ISO standards address the assessment of secondary task demand in the context of driving. ISO 15007-11and ISO/TS 15007-22provide guidance on how to measure glance behaviour and ISO 166733focuses exclusively on the viewing time required to perform a task using an in-vehicle informat
30、ion system. Hence, these methods focus mainly on the assessment of (visual) sensory demand (i.e. the demand for the eyes). ISO 260224provides a technique for evaluating the combined effect of sensory-actuator, perceptual-motor and cognitive demands on a drivers performance in a combined event detect
31、ion and vehicle control task.However, a standardized measurement method that specifically addresses cognitive load is lacking. While, for example, ISO 26022 is sensitive to cognitive load, it lacks specificity since its main performance metric (MDEV) is also sensitive to visual sensory motor interfe
32、rence (i.e. visual time sharing; see Annex A). A standardized method specifically addressing cognitive load is particularly needed in order to evaluate the attentional demands of new driver-vehicle interfaces designed to minimize visual interaction such as voice-based interfaces, haptic input device
33、s and head-up displays.The detection-response task (DRT) method defined in this document intends to fill this gap. More specifically, the DRT is mainly intended to measure effects of the cognitive load of a secondary task on attention. However, some versions of the DRT specified in this document may
34、 also be used to capture other forms of secondary task demand (e.g. visual sensory demand). The general rationale behind the DRT methodology is further outlined in Annex A.Annex B provides guidance on how to select among the different DRT versions defined in this document. Annex C reviews factors th
35、at could potentially affect DRT performance and thus need to be accounted for when designing DRT experiments. Annex D offers a review of existing alternative DRT ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 17488:2016ISO 17488:2016(E)methodologies not covered by this document. Annex E provides an overview o
36、f the results from a set of coordinated studies with the purpose to support the development of this document. Finally, a general bibliography is provided for existing DRT-related research.vi ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 17488:2016INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17488:2016(E)Road vehicles Transport
37、information and control systems Detection-response task (DRT) for assessing attentional effects of cognitive load in driving1 ScopeThis document provides a detection-response task mainly intended for assessing the attentional effects of cognitive load on attention for secondary tasks involving inter
38、action with visual-manual, voice-based or haptic interfaces. Although this document focuses on the assessment of attentional effects of cognitive load (see Annex A), other effects of secondary task load may be captured by specific versions of the DRT, as further outlined in Annex B. Secondary tasks
39、are those that may be performed while driving but are not concerned with the momentary real-time control of the vehicle (such as operating the media player, conversing on the phone, reading road-side commercial signs and entering a destination on the navigation system).NOTE According to this definit
40、ion, secondary tasks can still be driving-related (such as in the case of destination entry).This document does not apply to the measurement of primary (driving) task demands related to the momentary real-time control of the vehicle, such as maintaining lane position and headway or responding to for
41、ward collision warnings. However, this does not preclude that the DRT method, as specified in this document, may be adapted to measure such effects.This document applies to both original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and after-market in-vehicle systems and to permanently installed, as well as portabl
42、e, systems.It is emphasized that, while the DRT methodology defined in this document is intended to measure the attentional effects of cognitive load, it does not imply a direct relationship between such effects and crash risk. For example, taking the eyes off the road for several seconds in order t
43、o watch a pedestrian may not be very cognitively loading but could still be expected to strongly increase crash risk.Furthermore, interpret DRT results cautiously in terms of demands on a specific resource, such as cognitive load. Specifically, if the goal is to isolate the effect related to the cog
44、nitive load imposed by a secondary task on attention, avoid overlap with other resources required by the DRT (e.g. perceptual, motor, sensory or actuator resources). A particular concern derives from the fact that the DRT utilizes manual responses (button presses). Thus, for secondary tasks with ver
45、y frequent manual inputs (on the order of one or more inputs per second), increased response times on the DRT may reflect this specific response conflict (which is due to the nature of the DRT) rather than the actual cognitive load demanded by the task when performed without the DRT (i.e. alone or d
46、uring normal driving; see Annex E). Thus, for such response-intensive tasks, DRT results are interpreted with caution. This document defines three versions of the DRT and the choice of version depends critically on the purpose of the study and the conditions under which it is conducted (see Annexes
47、A and B for further guidance on this topic).This document specifically aims to specify the detection-response task and the associated measurement procedures. Thus, in order to be applicable to a wide range of experimental situations, this document does not define specific experimental protocols or m
48、ethods for statistical analysis. However, some guidance, as well as examples of established practice in applying the DRT, can be found both in the main body of this document and in the annexes (in particular Annexes C and E).2 Normative referencesThere are no normative references in this document. I
49、SO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 17488:2016ISO 17488:2016(E)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp3.1actuator demanddemand for actuator resources (3.2) imposed by a task (3.30)3.2actuator resourceshuman body systems used to execute overt moto
