1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14067-4:2005Railway applications Aerodynamics Part 4: Requirements and test procedures for aerodynamics on open trackThe European Standard EN 14067-4:2005 has the status of a British StandardICS 45.060.01g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53
2、g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Fri Mar 10 01:33:39 GMT 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 14067-4:2005This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standard
3、s Policy and Strategy Committee on 21 December 2005 BSI 21 December 2005ISBN 0 580 47465 8National forewordThis British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14067-4:2005.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee RAE/1, Railway applications, to Su
4、bcommittee RAE/1/-/4, Aerodynamics, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be f
5、ound in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are res
6、ponsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep
7、 UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 32, an inside back cover and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in th
8、is document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Fri Mar 10 01:33:39 GMT 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14067-4November 2005ICS 45.060.01English VersionRail
9、way applications - Aerodynamics - Part 4: Requirements andtest procedures for aerodynamics on open trackApplications ferroviaires - Arodynamique - Partie 4 :Exigences et procdures dessai pour larodynamique lair libreBahnanwendungen - Aerodynamik - Teil 4: Anforderungenund Prfverfahren fr Aerodynamik
10、 auf offener StreckeThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 October 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and b
11、ibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility o
12、f a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Lat
13、via, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN
14、 All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14067-4:2005: ELicensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Fri Mar 10 01:33:39 GMT 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 14067-4:2005 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword5 Introduction .6 1 Scope 7 2 Normative refe
15、rences 7 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations .7 4 Resistance to motion 7 4.1 General7 4.2 Assessment by predictive formulae 8 4.3 Assessment by numerical simulations .8 4.4 Assessment by reduced-scale tests8 4.5 Assessment by full-scale tests 8 4.5.1 General remarks and application.8 4.5
16、.2 Requirements for train hauling procedure8 4.5.3 Requirements for coasting test procedure .9 5 Train-induced pressure changes causing loading on objects .11 5.1 General11 5.2 Assessment by predictive formulae 11 5.2.1 General remarks and application.11 5.2.2 Flat vertical structures parallel to th
17、e tracks 11 5.2.3 Flat horizontal structures above the tracks 13 5.2.4 Flat horizontal structures close to tracks .14 5.2.5 Mixed vertical and horizontal or inclined structures close to the tracks.15 5.2.6 Closed structures enveloping the tracks over a limited length up to 20 m.16 5.2.7 Effect of wi
18、nd on loads caused by the train .17 5.3 Assessment by numerical simulations .17 5.3.1 General remarks and application.17 5.3.2 Requirements.17 5.4 Assessment by reduced-scale tests18 5.4.1 General remarks and application.18 5.4.2 Requirements for conventional wind tunnel tests .18 5.4.3 Requirements
19、 for moving model rig tests 19 5.5 Assessment by full-scale tests 20 5.5.1 General remarks and application.20 5.5.2 Requirements for measuring the undisturbed pressure field.20 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Fri Mar 10 01:33:39 GMT 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 14067-4:2005 (E) 3 5.5.3 Requiremen
20、ts for measuring pressure on a surface near the track 22 6 Train-induced airflow causing loading on objects 23 6.1 General .23 6.2 Assessment by predictive formulae23 6.3 Assessment by numerical simulations .24 6.4 Assessment by reduced-scale tests .24 6.4.1 General remarks and application.24 6.4.2
21、Requirements.24 6.5 Assessment by full-scale tests 25 6.5.1 General remarks and application.25 6.5.2 Requirements.25 7 Train-induced loading on passengers at the platform 26 7.1 General .26 7.2 Assessment by predictive formulae26 7.3 Assessment by numerical simulations .26 7.4 Assessment by reduced-
22、scale tests .26 7.5 Assessment by full-scale tests 26 7.5.1 General remarks and application.26 7.5.2 Requirements.26 8 Train-induced loading on workers at the track side 28 8.1 General .28 8.2 Assessment by predictive formulae28 8.3 Assessment by numerical simulations .28 8.4 Assessment by reduced-s
23、cale tests .28 8.5 Assessment by full-scale tests 28 8.5.1 General remarks and application.28 8.5.2 Requirements for air speed measurements .28 9 Train-induced loading on passing trains29 9.1 General .29 9.2 Assessment by predictive formulae29 9.3 Assessment by numerical simulation .29 9.4 Assessmen
24、t by reduced-scale tests .30 9.5 Assessment by full-scale tests 30 9.5.1 General remarks and application.30 9.5.2 Requirements.30 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 96/48/EC31 Bibliography32 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, F
25、ri Mar 10 01:33:39 GMT 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 14067-4:2005 (E) 4 Figures Figure 1 Pressure signal at a point on a vertical wall caused by train passing 11 Figure 2 Load on flat vertical structures parallel to the tracks .12 Figure 3 Load on flat horizontal structures above the tracks .13
26、 Figure 4 Load on flat horizontal structures close to the tracks 14 Figure 5 Load on mixed vertical and horizontal or inclined structures close to the tracks.15 Figure 6 Loads for vertical and horizontal surfaces of structures enclosing two tracks.17 Figure 7 Example of schematic description of set-
27、up for pressure measurement.22 Figure 8 Train induced air speeds23 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Fri Mar 10 01:33:39 GMT 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 14067-4:2005 (E) 5 Foreword This European Standard (EN 14067-4:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway Applications”,
28、the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2006. This European St
29、andard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 96/48/EC. For relationship with EU Directive, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this European Standard. T
30、his European Standard is part of the series “Railway applications Aerodynamics“ which consists of the following parts: Part 1: Symbols and units Part 2: Aerodynamics on open track Part 3: Aerodynamics in tunnels Part 4: Requirements and test procedures for aerodynamics on open track Part 5: Requirem
31、ents and test procedures for aerodynamics in tunnels Part 6: Cross wind effects on railway operation According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Repub
32、lic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Fri Mar 10 01:33:39 GMT 2006, Uncont
33、rolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 14067-4:2005 (E) 6 Introduction Trains running on open track generate aerodynamic loads on objects and persons they pass. If trains are being passed by other trains, trains are also subject to aerodynamic loading themselves. The aerodynamic loading caused by a train passing an
34、 object or a person near the track, or when two trains pass each other, depends mainly on the following parameters: running speed of the train(s); distance between the object and the train(s); geometry of the train(s); geometry of the object; ambient wind effects. Trains running on open track have t
35、o overcome a resistance to motion. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Fri Mar 10 01:33:39 GMT 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 14067-4:2005 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard applies to train-induced aerodynamic loading on open track caused by: trains passing a permanent or temporary structure; trains
36、 passing a person who is alongside the track; two trains passing each other. This European Standard applies to open air structures of any length and closed structures of a length less than 20 m enveloping the tracks. For closed structures enveloping the tracks that are longer than 20 m prEN 14067-5
37、applies. For effects caused by cross winds, the aerodynamic phenomena are described in prEN 14067-6. In addition, this European Standard applies to the resistance of motion for trains in open air. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
38、 European Standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14067-1:2003, Railway applications Aerodynamics Part 1: Symbols and units EN 14067-2, Railway applications Aerodynami
39、cs Part 2: Aerodynamics on open track ISO 8756, Air quality Handling of temperature, pressure and humidity data 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations given in EN 14067-1:2003 apply. Additional ter
40、ms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations are explained in the text. 4 Resistance to motion 4.1 General For a train travelling at constant speed in open air and zero wind conditions on straight and level track, the following equation relates the trains resistance to motion R1to the train speed vtr:
41、 2tr3tr211vvR CCC += (1) where tr21vCC + denotes both the mechanical resistance and the air momentum drag due to cooling air for the locomotives and the air conditioning of the trailer cars; 2tr3vC denotes the aerodynamic resistance due to pressure drag and skin friction drag. Licensed Copy: Wang Bi
42、n, na, Fri Mar 10 01:33:39 GMT 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 14067-4:2005 (E) 8 4.2 Assessment by predictive formulae There are no agreed formulae available. 4.3 Assessment by numerical simulations There are no agreed methods available. 4.4 Assessment by reduced-scale tests There are no agreed
43、methods available. 4.5 Assessment by full-scale tests 4.5.1 General remarks and application For complete train sets, the most prominent approach to assess resistance to motion by full-scale tests is to carry out coasting tests. A coasting test allows a determination of the speed dependent terms of R
44、1. For the C1term, a special test is needed, the most reliable being to haul the train at very low speed. The basic principle of a coasting test is to run the train up to a certain speed and then cease the tractive effort and all sources of magnetic resistance (e.g. insulated gate bipolar transistor
45、 IGBT) before entering a test section. Instantaneous train speed and position are measured along the testing section. A recording of the train acceleration may also be needed depending on the method used. From this information, it is possible to estimate R1by fitting a theoretical curve to the exper
46、imental deceleration data. The major advantage of this methodology is that no measurement of the tractive effort is needed. There are two different post-test data treatments commonly used to obtain the resistance to motion of a train from a coasting test: the regression method and the speed history
47、identification method. The following subclauses deal with the hauling test requirements, the coasting test requirements and the post-test data treatment. 4.5.2 Requirements for train hauling procedure A train hauling test consists of pulling the train at constant speed using a windlass. This test sh
48、ould be undertaken on a straight and level test section, for which the quality of both the geometry and the rail surface has to be as good as possible. C1is determined via the mean tractive effort over a time interval for which the windlass speed is constant. In order to prevent the influence of spe
49、ed dependent terms, the windlass speed has to be approximately 1 m/s. The ambient wind speed shall be monitored and less than 2 m/s. Thus, the hauling test may be performed in a tunnel in order to minimize any wind influence. Due to the effects of adhesion, coupling looseness, etc., the breakaway phase has to be avoided. The train mass shall be known with an accuracy of 2 % for mass correction purposes and the train axle-boxes shall be at the train operational temperature. The uncertainty in C1determined
