1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 18535:2016Diamond-like carbon films Determination of frictionand wear characteristics ofdiamond-like carbon films byball-on-disc methodBS ISO 18535:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18535:2016. The UK participa
2、tion in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee STI/33, Electrodeposited and related coatings.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users a
3、re responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 82100 4 ICS 25.220.01 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of t
4、he Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 18535:2016 ISO 2016Diamond-like carbon films Determination of friction and wear characteristics of diamond-like carbon films by ball-on-disc methodRevtements d
5、e carbone amorphe Dtermination des caractristiques de frottement et dusure des revtements de carbone amorphe par la mthode bille sur disqueINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO18535First edition2016-03-15Reference numberISO 18535:2016(E)BS ISO 18535:2016ISO 18535:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT
6、PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without
7、prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO
8、18535:2016ISO 18535:2016(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Test materials and specimen preparation . 24.1 Materials . 24.2 Ball specimen . 24.3 Disc specimen 25 Apparatus . 36 Testing procedure . 46.1 Treatment of specimen before test 46.2 Pre
9、paration of wear test . 46.3 Testing conditions for friction test . 46.4 Testing conditions for friction and wear test 46.5 Measurement of friction force . 46.6 Measurement of wear scar on ball specimen . 56.7 Measurement of wear scar on disc specimen. 56.8 Number of test repeats 57 Calculation of t
10、est results 67.1 Specific wear rate of diamond-like carbon films on ball specimen . 67.2 Specific wear rate of diamond-like carbon films on disc specimen 67.3 Coefficient of friction . 77.4 Rounding off of numerical values . 78 Test report . 7Annex A (informative) Uncertainty of measurement for calc
11、ulating of coefficient of friction 9Bibliography .12 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 18535:2016ISO 18535:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Inter
12、national Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison wit
13、h ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives,
14、 Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of t
15、he elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations
16、received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs
17、 adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 107, Metallic and other inorganic coatings.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 18535:2016ISO 18535:2016(E)Intro
18、ductionThis International Standard gives guidance on conducting a sliding friction and wear test in a ball-on-disc configuration to determine the friction generated and wear observed in uniaxial sliding contacts between diamond-like carbon (DLC) films and a counter body.The tribological properties o
19、f DLC films are different from those of metallic and ceramic coatings. DLC films have the tribological characteristics of low friction and low wear against other materials. Since a DLC film is a coating, rather than a bulk material, it has a limited amount of wear and possibility of delamination. He
20、nce, a friction and wear testing method specific to DLC films is used to determine friction and wear resistance independent of delamination. In the ball-on-disk method using a DLC-coated ball on a non-coated disk, a non-coated ball on a DLC-coated disk, or a DLC-coated ball on a DLC-coated disk, the
21、 wear of DLC is minimal compared with other materials; for this reason, it is preferable to apply the coating on the ball to measure the wear rate with a reasonable accuracy. Of course, the wear on the ball side induces a decrease in contact pressure that must be taken into account for the friction
22、coefficient interpretation. Because of these aspects, the ball-on-disk method is ideal for conventional testing of DLC coatings.It should be noted that there are many parameters in the sliding contact that affect the magnitude of friction and wear. The aim of performing any wear test is to simulate,
23、 as closely as possible, the conditions that occur in the real application. As the deviation between the test conditions and the application conditions becomes larger, the test results become less relevant. To add credence to the test results, the appearance of the worn surfaces from the test sample
24、s are compared with the appearance of the worn surface from the actual worn component in order to ensure that similar wear mechanisms have taken place in each case. It is intended that the recommended test conditions suggested in this International Standard be used when the application conditions ar
25、e not well defined but general comparison among materials is required.This International Standard is useful for quality control of DLC films. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 18535:2016BS ISO 18535:2016Diamond-like carbon films Determination of friction and wear characteristics of diamond-like c
26、arbon films by ball-on-disc method1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a procedure for and provides guidance on the determination of the coefficient of friction and the specific wear rate of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films. The method specifies that the materials are tested under dry conditi
27、ons in pairs in a ball-on-disc configuration.The results of the tests are not applicable when DLC-coated parts operate in a lubricated environment.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application
28、. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 1101, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Geometrical tolerancing Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-outISO 3274, G
29、eometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method Nominal characteristics of contact (stylus) instrumentsISO 3290-1, Rolling bearings Balls Part 1: Steel ballsISO 3290-2, Rolling bearings Balls Part 2: Ceramic ballsISO 3611, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Dimensional
30、measuring equipment: Micrometers for external measurements Design and metrological characteristicsISO 4287, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method Terms, definitions and surface texture parametersISO 13385-1, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Dimensional meas
31、uring equipment Part 1: Callipers; Design and metrological characteristicsISO 80000-1:2009, Quantities and units Part 1: General3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1wearprogressive mass removal from the surface of solid material due t
32、o relative motion with a contacting substance or substances3.2wear testmethod of evaluating the friction and wear performance of materials in sliding contactINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18535:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 18535:2016ISO 18535:2016(E)3.3ball-on-disc methodwear test method
33、 in which the sliding contact is brought about by pushing a ball specimen on to a rotating disc specimen under a constant load3.4friction forceresisting force tangential to the interface between two bodies, when one body moves or tends to move relative to the other under the action of a normal force
34、 pressing these bodies together3.5coefficient of frictiondimensionless ratio of the friction force, Ff, to the applied normal force, FpNote 1 to entry: = Ff/ Fp.3.6specific wear rateWsrate of material removal by wear, expressed by means of the wear volume, V, per unit applied normal force, Fp, and u
35、nit sliding distance, LNote 1 to entry: Ws= V/(Fp L).4 Test materials and specimen preparation4.1 MaterialsThis ball-on-disc testing method can be applied to DLC coatings. The only requirement is that the ball and disc specimens having the dimensions specified below can be prepared and that they sha
36、ll withstand the stresses imposed during the testing without failure or excessive flexure.Using the ball-on-disk method, either the ball or the disk or both the ball and disk can be used as substrates of the DLC films for testing depending on the requirements. The thickness of DLC films shall be 0,0
37、1 m to 10 m.Any pertinent details of ball and disk specimen such as their dimensions, surface finish, material type, composition, microstructure, and processing treatments shall be supplied.4.2 Ball specimenThe ball specimen shall be a true sphere of more than 5 mm in diameter or a straight rod whos
38、e end part is machined to a spherical cap. The recommended diameter of the sphere is 6 mm. The surface roughness of the specimen shall not be more than 0,1 m Ra as specified in ISO 4287. The Rpk value of the surface roughness should be measured and noted in the test report. Ball sphericity shall fol
39、low ISO 3290-1 and ISO 3290-2.4.3 Disc specimenThe disc specimen shall be more than 3 mm in thickness and be large enough to enable the testing surface to contain a sliding circle of 3 mm in diameter with a minimum of 1 mm of clearance between the circle exterior and the edge of the coated region. T
40、he surfaces of the disc shall be flat and parallel to within 0,02 mm as specified in ISO 1101. The roughness of the test surface shall not be more than 0,02 m Ra as specified in ISO 4287. It is recommended that “Ra” be used as the symbol for roughness. The Rpk value of the surface roughness should b
41、e measured and noted in the test report. Where it is necessary to use such symbols for other parameters, these shall also be specified.2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 18535:2016ISO 18535:2016(E)5 Apparatus5.1 Ball-on-disc testing method apparatus shall consist of the following: the disc holder,
42、 for securing a disc specimen; the drive system, for rotating the disc; the ball holder, for gripping a ball specimen; the loading mechanism, for pushing the ball specimen on to the disc specimen; the equipment, for measuring the friction force and the linear wear; the equipment, for controlling the
43、 testing atmosphere; the ancillary devices for the above.5.2 The disc holder shall rotate in a horizontal or vertical plane. The eccentricity of the rotating axis shall be less than 0,02 mm and the fluctuation at the contact point in the direction perpendicular to the disc shall be less than 0,02 mm
44、.5.3 The drive system shall be capable of providing a controllable sliding speed that is stable under the influence of the friction forces that are generated. The drive system shall be fitted with a revolution counter or equivalent device.5.4 The ball holder shall firmly grip the ball specimen and h
45、ave a high rigidity with respect to the stress generated at the contact point with the disc specimen.5.5 The loading mechanism shall apply a controlled load to the ball holder directly or through a lever-arm device with attached weight or by a hydraulic or pneumatic system.5.6 The friction force sha
46、ll be measured by means of mechanisms, such as a load cell, distortion of a leaf spring or measurement of rotational torque. The measurement should not affect the frictional condition. The accuracy of friction measurement shall be 1 % or better of the applied load. A device for measuring the linear
47、wear is optional, but when provided, it should have a sensitivity of 2,5 m or better.5.7 The testing atmosphere shall be controlled to within 2 C of the set temperature and the relative humidity to 50 % 10 %. Alternatively, the testing apparatus itself can be placed in a room with conditions control
48、led to these limits.5.8 If the specification of testing apparatus is different from the above, it shall be described in the test report.5.9 Micrometre calliper shall be capable of measuring as specified in ISO 3611 or equivalent or better.5.10 The calliper shall have a vernier scale with a vernier i
49、nterval of 0,05 mm or 0,02 mm as specified in ISO 13385-1.5.11 Micrometre microscope shall be capable of reading to the nearest 0,01 mm.5.12 Contact stylus profilometer shall be as specified in ISO 3274 or at least equal thereto in precision. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 18535:2016ISO 18535:2016(E)6 Testing procedure6.1 Treatment of specimen before testWash specimens ultrasonically in high purity acetone or hexane for 10 min or longer, with the testing surface downward in the case of the dis
