1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 18653:2003 Gears Evaluation of instruments for the measurement of individual gears ICS 21.200 BS ISO 18653:2003 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 2 December 2003 BSI 2 December 2003 ISBN 0 580 43005 7 Nat
2、ional foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 18653:2003 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee MCE/5, Gears, to Subcommittee MCE/5/-/2, Gear Accuracy, which has the responsibility to: A list of organ
3、izations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence I
4、ndex”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself c
5、onfer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promu
6、lgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 19 and a back cover The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication
7、 Amd. No. Date Comments Reference number ISO 18653:2003(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18653 First edition 2003-12-01 Gears Evaluation of instruments for the measurement of individual gears Engrenages valuation des instruments de mesure des engrenages individuels BSISO18653:2003IS:35681 O3002(E) DPlcs
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12、 y ttseuqer ehe.r ISO cirypothg fofice saCe tsopale 65 eneG 1121-HC 02 av leT. 4 + 10 947 22 1 11 xaF0 947 22 14 + 9 74 E-mail coirypthgiso.o gr We bwww.is.o gro Pulbisdehi n Switlrez dnaii BSISO18653:2003 iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms, definitions and sym
13、bols 1 4 Application. 4 4.1 General. 4 4.2 Traceability 4 4.3 Artifacts 4 4.4 Measurement uncertainty. 5 4.5 Sources of uncertainty . 5 4.6 Evaluation interval 6 5 Condition of the measurement system. 6 5.1 System characteristics. 6 5.2 Suitability for calibration 6 5.3 Table load considerations 6 5
14、.4 Tooling and gauges 6 6 Environment 7 7 Artifacts 7 7.1 Artifact size and geometry . 7 7.2 Involute artifacts . 8 7.3 Helix artifacts. 9 7.4 Pitch artifacts 10 7.5 Runout artifacts. 11 7.6 Tooth thickness artifacts 11 7.7 Workpiece-like artifacts 13 8 Method for estimating measurement uncertainty
15、. 13 8.1 Methods 14 8.2 Comparator method 14 8.3 Calculation of U 95measurement uncertainty 14 8.4 Procedure. 15 Annex A (normative) Artifact calibration certificate requirements . 17 Bibliography . 19 BSISO18653:2003iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
16、 federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that
17、committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in acc
18、ordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requ
19、ires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 18653 was prepared by Technic
20、al Committee ISO/TC 60, Gears. BSISO18653:2003INTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS:35681 O3002(E)1Gears Evaluation of instruments for the measurement of individual gears 1 Scope This International Standard specifies methods for the evaluation of measuring instruments used for gear measurements of involute, hel
21、ix, pitch and runout. It is applicable both to instruments that measure runout directly and to those that compute it from index measurements. It also gives recommendations for the evaluation of tooth thickness measuring instruments and, of necessity, includes the estimation of measurement uncertaint
22、y with the use of calibrated gear artifacts. It does not address the calibration of artifacts by laboratories accredited in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025; nor are its requirements intended as an acceptance specification of product gears (see ISO 1328-1, ISO 1328-2, ISO/TR 10064-1 and ISO/TR 10064-2)
23、. The estimation of product gear measurement uncertainty is beyond its scope (see ISO/TR 10064-5 for recommendations). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated r
24、eferences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 1328-1, Cylindrical gears ISO system of accuracy Part 1: Definitions and allowable values of deviations relevant to corresponding flanks of gear teeth ISO/TR 10064-3, Cylindrical gears Code of inspection
25、 practice Part 3: Recommendations relative to gear blanks, shaft centre distance and parallelism of axes ISO/TR 10064-5 1) , Cylindrical gears Code of inspection practice Part 5: Recommendations relative to evaluation of gear measuring instruments ISO 14253-1, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS
26、) Inspection by measurement of workpieces and measuring equipment Part 1: Decision rules for proving conformance or non-conformance with specifications ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories 3 Terms, definitions and symbols For the purposes of
27、this document, the following terms, definitions and symbols (see Table 1) apply. NOTE 1 The definitions, when applicable, conform to ISO 122-1, ISO 1328-1, ISO 1328-2 and ISO/TR 10064-1. NOTE 2 The terms, definitions and symbols used in this document may differ from those used in other International
28、 Standards. The user needs to be certain of fully understanding them, as used here. 1) Under preparation. BSISO18653:20032 3.1 accuracy closeness of agreement between a measured value and an accepted reference (or calibrated) value 3.2 artifact object of specific shape used to determine the accuracy
29、 of measuring devices See Clause 7. 3.3 bias difference between the observed average of measurements and the calibration value See Figure 1. NOTE Bias can be affected by systematic errors such as linearity or gain and can be different throughout the operating range of the measurement system. Key 1 c
30、alibration value 2 observed average 3 bias Figure 1 Bias 3.4 calibration set of operations that establish, under specified conditions, the relationship between values of quantities indicated by a measuring instrument or measuring system and the corresponding values realized by standards 3.5 gain mag
31、nification factor between the input and the output 3.6 helix artifact artifact having a calibrated helix form 3.7 involute artifact calibrated artifact having an involute form determined by a specific base circle BSISO18653:2003 33.8 measurand particular quantity subject to measurement 3.9 pitch and
32、 runout artifact artifact with calibrated index features for pitch or runout or both 3.10 repeatability (of measurement results) closeness of the agreement between results of successive measurements of the same measurand carried out under the same conditions of measurement 3.11 reproducibility (of m
33、easurement results) closeness of the agreement between results of measurements of the same measurand carried out under changed conditions of measurement NOTE 1 A valid statement of reproducibility requires specification of the conditions changed. NOTE 2 The changed conditions may include principle o
34、f measurement, method of measurement, observer, measuring instrument, reference standard, location, conditions of use, and time. NOTE 3 Reproducibility may be expressed quantitatively in terms of dispersion characteristics of the results. 3.12 uncertainty (of measurement results) parameter associate
35、d with the result of a measurement that characterizes the dispersion of the values that could be reasonably attributed to the measurand NOTE 1 The parameter can be, for example, a standard deviation (or a given multiple of it), or the half-width of an interval having a stated level of confidence. NO
36、TE 2 Uncertainty of measurement comprises, in general, many components. Some of these components can be evaluated from the statistical distribution of the results of a series of measurements and can be characterized by experimental standard deviations. The other components, which also can be charact
37、erized by standard deviations, are evaluated from assumed probability distributions based on experience or other information. NOTE 3 It is understood that the result of the measurement is the best estimate of the value of the measurand, and that all components of uncertainty, including those arising
38、 from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and reference standards, contribute to the dispersion. BSISO18653:20034 Table 1 Symbols Symbol Definition Unit Where first used E Bias m Eq. 1 k Coverage factor Eq. 1 n Number of measurements Eq. 2 U 95Measuring uncertainty m E
39、q. 1 U 95cUncertainty estimation m Eq. 4 U 95(cal)Measurement uncertainty stated in reference artifact calibration document m Eq. 3 u mStandard uncertainty m Eq. 1 u nReference artifact calibration uncertainty m Eq. 1 u gGeometry similarity influence m Eq. 1 u wWorkpiece characteristic influence m E
40、q. 1 X iIndividual measured value of parameter calibrated m Eq. 2 X Mean of measured values m Eq. 2 4 Application 4.1 General The purpose of the tests prescribed in this standard is to estimate measurement uncertainty. It has been assumed that the gear-measuring instrument has been installed on site
41、 and a series of acceptance tests have been completed successfully. Prescribed tests may serve as interim checks to verify the measurement process. The measurement and evaluation procedures may be used as part of acceptance tests for a new gear- measuring instrument, with prior agreement between cus
42、tomer and supplier. In this situation it is recommended that a series of traceably calibrated gear artifacts be used to verify the measurement uncertainty at specific points throughout the working volume of the instrument. These measurements should include provision for testing the machine with tabl
43、e loads that represent the weight of product gears being tested. 4.2 Traceability The term traceability implies an unbroken calibration chain from measurements taken on shop floor inspection instruments to the primary artifacts at a national laboratory, see Figure 2. Traceability is transferred by c
44、alibrated gear artifacts. The primary laboratory has the lowest uncertainty, and uncertainty increases at each level as the traceability chain is transferred to shop floor measuring instruments. Minimizing the steps from the primary laboratory to a shop floor measuring instrument will reduce the mea
45、surement uncertainty. 4.3 Artifacts The gear artifacts used for these tests shall be of similar size and geometry to product gears inspected on the measuring instrument. Artifacts shall be used to evaluate the accuracy of each parameter inspected: helix (lead), profile, pitch, runout and tooth thick
46、ness. Specific artifact requirements are given in Clause 7. BSISO18653:2003 54.4 Measurement uncertainty Conventional practice recommends the uncertainty of a measurement process be less than 10 % of the parameter tolerance measured, to ensure that the reliable interpretation of the measurement resu
47、lts is possible. However, this is not technically achievable when inspecting high accuracy gears. For example, in gears with tolerances better than 10 m, the best achievable uncertainty may be only 20 to 30 %. To determine the uncertainty, see Clause 8 and ISO/TR 10064-5. Recommendations for allowab
48、le measurement uncertainty are made in ISO/TR 10064-5. Figure 2 Hierarchy of calibration 4.5 Sources of uncertainty The verification of measurement uncertainty shall include, but not be limited to, the assessment of the principal contributions to uncertainty in gear measurement as follows: artifact
49、data; calibration data; repeatability of the instrument; reproducibility of the instrument; probe system filtering, damping and dynamic response, and accuracy; environmental influence, including temperature, vibration; mechanical alignment; BSISO18653:20036 runout and mounting error measurement; servo control system; evaluation software; operator. Refer to ISO/TS 14253-2 for further information on this subject
