1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 18868:2013Commercial road vehicles Coupling equipment betweenvehicles in multiple vehiclecombinations StrengthrequirementsBS ISO 18868:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18868:2013.The UK participation in its pr
2、eparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee AUE/13, Commercial and public service vehicles.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible
3、for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 82383 1ICS 43.040.70Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy
4、and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 18868:2013 ISO 2013Commercial road vehicles Coupling equipment between vehicles in multiple vehicle combinations Strength requirementsVhicules routiers utilitaires quipement de couplage entre vhicules
5、dans des combinaisons de vhicules multiples Exigences de rsistanceINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO18868First edition2013-07-01Reference numberISO 18868:2013(E)BS ISO 18868:2013ISO 18868:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specifie
6、d, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs
7、member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 18868:2013ISO 18868:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntrodu
8、ction v1 Scope . 12 Terms and definitions . 13 Symbols 24 ISO vehicle combinations definition 44.1 ISO vehicle combination 1 . 44.2 ISO vehicle combination 2 . 44.3 ISO vehicle combination 3 . 44.4 ISO vehicle combination 4 . 44.5 ISO vehicle combination 5 . 45 General requirements . 55.1 Vehicle co
9、mbination handling . 55.2 Determination of minimum coupling equipment performance capability required for a specific vehicle combination . 56 Worked numerical examples . 86.1 ISO combination 1: truck + dolly + A-semi (numerical example) . 86.2 ISO combination 2: tractor + A-semi + centre-axle traile
10、r (numerical example) 96.3 ISO combination 3: tractor + A-semi + dolly + A-semi (numerical example) 96.4 ISO combination 4: truck + centre-axle trailer + centre-axle trailer (numerical example) 106.5 ISO combination 5: tractor + link-trailer + A-semi (B-train) (numerical example)10Bibliography .11BS
11、 ISO 18868:2013ISO 18868:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body intere
12、sted in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
13、Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documen
14、ts should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directivesAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for id
15、entifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patentsAny trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience
16、 of users and does not constitute an endorsement.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 15, Interchangeability of components of commercial vehicles and buses.iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 18868:2013ISO 18868:2013(E)IntroductionThis Internatio
17、nal Standard specifies general requirements and definitions to secure the safe operation of mechanical couplings between individual vehicles in a multiple-vehicle combination.The expanded application of multiple-vehicle combinations brings new perspectives and needs into the area of trailer coupling
18、s. This has made evident the need for a consolidated method to handle the dimensioning of mechanical couplings applied in multiple-vehicle combinations. This International Standard is meant to facilitate the interaction between International Standards and relevant regulations.The drivers for the int
19、roduction of this International Standard are the development of the European modular system making multiple-vehicle combinations (road trains) more of a global application, and the lack of rules for the dimensions of couplings used together with converter dolly. Those applications are already very c
20、ommon on the roads today.The limited number of types of multiple-vehicle combinations addressed in this International Standard is the result of a voting process among the nations. Other types may be added in later editions as experience is gained. ISO 2013 All rights reserved vBS ISO 18868:2013BS IS
21、O 18868:2013Commercial road vehicles Coupling equipment between vehicles in multiple vehicle combinations Strength requirements1 ScopeThis International Standard defines different multiple-vehicle combinations (vehicle combinations with more than one coupling point) and the formulae to calculate the
22、 requirement of performance for the coupling equipment used in those vehicle combinations. Vehicle categories concerned are N2, N3, O3, and O4.NOTE For these vehicle combinations, the formulae in this International Standard override the formulae in References 6, 7, 8, and 9 that apply to vehicle com
23、binations with one coupling point only. However, the capability of the coupling equipment is still determined through tests as defined in References 6, 7, 8, and 9.2 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.2.1centre-axle trailer (CAT)trailer
24、where the axle(s) is(are) positioned close to the centre of gravity of the trailer such that (when uniformly loaded) only a small static vertical load, not exceeding 10 % of the load corresponding to the maximum design total mass of the trailer or 1 000 daN (whichever is less), is transmitted to the
25、 towing vehicle2.2converter dollytowed vehicle with one axle group or single axle and a fifth wheel coupling, designed to be combined with a semi-trailerNote 1 to entry: In cases where the drawbar of the converter dolly is hinged, the combination of a converter dolly and a semi-trailer is equivalent
26、 to a full trailer.Note 2 to entry: The drawbar of a converter dolly may be rigid or hinged. A hinged drawbar is free to pivot around an axle that is perpendicular to the vertical plane.Figure 1 Converter dolly 2.3drawbar trailertrailer having at least two axles, of which at least one is a steered a
27、xle, equipped with a towing device (drawbar) which can move vertically (in relation to the trailer) and that transmits less than 100 daN as a static vertical load to the towing vehicleINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18868:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 18868:2013ISO 18868:2013(E)2.4semi-tra
28、ilertrailer which is designed and constructed to be by means of a kingpin coupled to a tractor unit or to a converter dolly and that impose a substantial vertical load on the towing vehicle2.5A-trailersemi-trailer in a multiple-vehicle combination that is towed on a converter dolly2.6linktrailer (or
29、 B-trailer)semi-trailer with a fifth wheel mounted at the rear such that a semi-trailer could be towed by the link-trailer2.7tractormotor vehicle built to tow a semi-trailer2.8truckmotor vehicle built to tow a full trailer or a centre-axle trailer3 Symbols1)3.1Smass imposed vertically on the couplin
30、g under static conditions by the CAT loaded to its maximum design total mass3.2Ttechnically permissible maximum total mass, in tonnes, of the towing vehicle including, as applicable, the vertical static load, S, of a CAT or the vertical static load, U, imposed by a semi-trailer3.3Rtechnically permis
31、sible maximum total mass, in tonnes, of the full trailer (with drawbar free to move in the vertical plane) or of the semi-trailer3.4Cmass, in tonnes, transmitted to the ground by the axle(s) of the CAT loaded to its maximum total design mass3.5U (UT, Ud, Ub)mass, in tonnes, imposed vertically on the
32、 fifth wheel of a tractor (UT), a converter dolly (Ud), or a B-trailer (Ub) by the semi-trailer loaded to its maximum total design massNote 1 to entry: The total mass of a semi-trailer (R) is divided into two parts for the calculation: the front part (Ux) and the rear part (Rb) giving the bogey mass
33、.3.6Wdtare mass, in tonnes, of a converter dolly3.7gacceleration due to gravity (assumed as 9,81 m/s2)1) The symbols defined below are in line with those used in UNECE R55.2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 18868:2013ISO 18868:2013(E)3.8aequivalent vertical acceleration in the coupling point, depe
34、ndent on the kind of suspension on the rear axle(s) of the towing vehicle including a constant factor3.8.1a11,8 m/s2for vehicles with air suspension or equivalent3.8.2a22,4 m/s2for vehicles with other suspension3.9X (Xi)length, in metres, of the loading area of the centre-axle trailer3.10L (Li)theor
35、etical drawbar length, in metres, i.e. the distance between the centre of the drawbar eye and the centre of the axle assembly of the centre-axle trailer3.11tidistance, in meter, from the centre of axles of a centre-axle trailer to its rear coupling point3.12Rbmass, in tonnes, transmitted to the grou
36、nd by the axle(s) of the semi-trailer loaded to its maximum total design mass3.13Cdmass, in tonnes, transmitted to the ground by the axle(s) of the converter dolly including Ud3.14D (Dc)D-value is a comparative value determined by calculating for the longitudinal forces occurring between a towing ve
37、hicle and a trailerNote 1 to entry: D, expressed in kilonewtons.Note 2 to entry: For applications where a drawbar coupling is subject to vertical forces, the related D-value is designated Dc. Defined by the formulae given in the tables of 5.2.2.3.15VV-value is a comparative value determined by calcu
38、lating for the vertical forces occurring between a towing vehicle and a centre-axle trailerNote 1 to entry: Defined by the formulae given in the tables of 5.2.2.3.16A and Bparameters used in the calculations.Note 1 to entry: “A” is the total mass forward of the coupling point.Note 2 to entry: “B” is
39、 the total mass behind the coupling point.Note 3 to entry: Their detailed definitions as sum of masses are given in the tables of 5.2.2. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 18868:2013ISO 18868:2013(E)4 ISO vehicle combinations definition4.1 ISO vehicle combination 1Figure 2 truck + dolly + A-semi4.
40、2 ISO vehicle combination 2Figure 3 tractor + A-semi + centre-axle trailer4.3 ISO vehicle combination 3Figure 4 tractor + A-semi + dolly + A-semi4.4 ISO vehicle combination 4Figure 5 truck + centre-axle trailer + centre-axle trailer4.5 ISO vehicle combination 5Figure 6 tractor + link-trailer + A-sem
41、i (B-train)4 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 18868:2013ISO 18868:2013(E)5 General requirements5.1 Vehicle combination handlingA prerequisite for the coupling performance requirements of this International Standard is that the overall design of the vehicle combinations are such that handling and r
42、ide stability can be guaranteed.5.2 Determination of minimum coupling equipment performance capability required for a specific vehicle combinationThe minimum required performance capability in terms of D-values and V-values is determined by calculation in accordance with the formulae provided in the
43、 tables in 5.2.2.The minimum performance capability required at each coupling point shall be calculated individually. The highest performance capability value determined for each type of coupling shall apply throughout the whole vehicle combination.The calculated D-value and V-value requirements for
44、 CAT shall be evaluated against the Dcand V-value performance capability of the coupling equipment applied.5.2.1 Determination of (calculated) D-value performance requirementThe formulae given in the tables of 5.2.2 are applicable to determine the performance capability requirement fora) all types o
45、f coupling equipment: drawbar couplings, drawbar eyes; fifth wheels, and king pins;b) all types of towing and towed vehicles: rigid truck, tractor, converter dolly, CAT, semi-trailer, link-trailer, and full trailers.5.2.2 D-value and V-value formulae per ISO vehicle combinationXLii221 (1)Where the r
46、esult is a value less than 1,0, the value shall be at least 1.5.2.2.1 ISO Combination 1: truck + dolly + A-semiFigure 7 ISO combination 1Dolly tare mass = WdDolly drawbar length = L; Ud= Cd-Wd; Smax= 1 000 kg ISO 2013 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 18868:2013ISO 18868:2013(E)Step 1: Evaluate parameter
47、A and B Step 2: Calculate D and V using A and BCouplings A = B = DbVaDrawbar couplingT Cd+ RbA; B=DgABAB=+VMaxLCLd= (; )545Fifth wheel dolly T + WdUd+ RbA; B=DgAB AABUd=+()+05008,N/Aa Applicable to dollies with a rigid drawbar.b For dollies with a rigid drawbar, the Dc-rating shall exceed this calcu
48、lated D-value.5.2.2.2 ISO combination 2: tractor + A-semi + centre-axle trailerFigure 8 ISO combination 2CAT coupling support load = Smax= 1 000 kg; CAT drawbar length = L; CAT loaded length = XStep 1: Evaluate parameter A and B Step 2: Calculate D and V using A and BCouplings A = B = DaVDrawbar cou
49、plingT + RbCA; B=DgABAB=+065, VaXLC=22Fifth wheel tractorT UT+ Rb+ CA; B=DgBA BABUT=+()+05008,N/AaThe Dc-rating of the drawbar coupling equipment shall exceed this calculated D-value.5.2.2.3 ISO combination 3: tractor + A-semi + dolly + A-semiFigure 9 ISO combination 3Dolly tare mass = WdDolly drawbar length = L; Ud= Cd-Wd; Smax= 1 000 kg6 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 18868:2013ISO 18868:2013(E)Step 1: Evaluate parameter A and B Step 2: Calculate D and V using A and BCouplings A
