1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 18937:2014Imaging materials Photographic reflection prints Methods for measuringindoor light stabilityBS ISO 18937:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18937:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entrus
2、ted to TechnicalCommittee CPW/42, Photography.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standar
3、ds Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 73702 2ICS 37.040.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2014.Amend
4、ments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 18937:2014 ISO 2014Imaging materials Photographic reflection prints Methods for measuring indoor light stabilityMatruaux pour limage Tirages photographiques par rflexion Mthodes de mesure de la stabilit de la lumire en intrieurINTERNATIONAL STAN
5、DARDISO18937First edition2014-02-01Reference numberISO 18937:2014(E)BS ISO 18937:2014ISO 18937:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form o
6、r by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1
7、211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 18937:2014ISO 18937:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword vIntroduction vi1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 24 Requirements
8、35 Test methods General . 35.1 Safety precautions 35.2 Acceleration and reciprocity issues 35.3 Catalytic fade issues 45.4 Light intensity control 45.5 Spectral power distribution . 45.6 Humidity control . 45.7 Temperature control 55.8 Air quality in the test environment . 75.9 Duration of exposures
9、. 86 Test equipment. 86.1 Light source measurements 86.2 Light exposure equipment 96.3 Specifications for optical filters 96.4 Chamber fade uniformity 117 Illumination specifications .137.1 General 137.2 Simulated indoor daylight typical home display 147.3 Simulated direct sunlight indoor in-window
10、display .157.4 Fluorescent illumination using “cool white” fluorescent lamps .167.5 Other light sources 188 Sample preparation 198.1 Samples 198.2 Sample preparation . 199 Measurements and calculations 209.1 Holding and measurement conditions 209.2 Attributes to be measured . 219.3 Calculations and
11、computations . 2210 Test report 24Annex A (informative) Evaluation of light stability reciprocity behaviour .26Annex B (informative) Method for interpolation .28Annex C (informative) Procedure to calibrate the temperature relationship between the test sample prints and the control set point of the b
12、lack panel or white panel used to control temperature in a light stability testchamber or test room 29Annex D (informative) Relative spectral transmittance of filters .36Annex E (informative) Examples of light exposure equipment .40Annex F (informative) Example of filter configuration 42Annex G (inf
13、ormative) Spectral irradiance for simulated indoor daylight 45Annex H (informative) Relative spectral power distribution for F-6 cool white fluorescent lamps 47Annex I (informative) Example chamber fade uniformity test target .49BS ISO 18937:2014ISO 18937:2014(E)iv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBiblio
14、graphy .50BS ISO 18937:2014ISO 18937:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member
15、 body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Elect
16、rotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
17、 ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directivesAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held respon
18、sible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patentsAny trade name used in this document is information given for the
19、 convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: For
20、eword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 42, Photography. ISO 2014 All rights reserved vBS ISO 18937:2014ISO 18937:2014(E)IntroductionThis International Standard addresses the methods and procedures for measuring the indoor light stability of reflection
21、colour photographs.689182330The length of time that such photographs are to be kept can vary from a few days to many hundreds of years and the importance of image stability can be correspondingly small or great. Often the ultimate use of a particular photograph might not be known at the outset. Know
22、ledge of the useful life of colour photographs is important to many users, especially since stability requirements can vary depending upon the application.The images of most modern analog and digitally-printed colour photographs are made up of cyan, magenta, yellow, red, green, blue, orange, black,
23、gray, white or other colourants. Colour photographic images typically fade during storage and display; they will usually also change in colour balance because the various image colourants seldom fade at the same rate. In addition, a yellowish (or occasionally other colour) stain can form and physica
24、l degradation might occur, such as embrittlement and cracking of the support and image layers. The rate of fading and staining can vary appreciably and is governed principally by the intrinsic stability of the colour photographic material and by the conditions under which the photograph is stored an
25、d displayed. The quality of any chemical processing is another important factor. Post-processing treatments and, in the case of digitally generated photographs, post-production treatments, such as application of lacquers, plastic laminates, and retouching colours, also can affect the stability of co
26、lour materials.The light stability of colour photographs is influenced primarily by the intensity of the illumination, the duration of exposure to light, the spectral distribution of the illumination, and the ambient temperature and humidity conditions. However, the normally slower dark fading and s
27、taining reactions also proceed during display periods and will contribute to the total change in image quality. Ultraviolet radiation is particularly harmful to some types of colour photographs and can cause rapid fading as well as degradation of plastic layers such as the pigmented polyethylene lay
28、er of RC (resin-coated) paper supports.Information about the light stability of colour photographs can be obtained from accelerated light stability tests. These require special test units equipped with high-intensity light sources in which test strips can be exposed for days, weeks, months, or even
29、years, to produce the desired amount of image fading (or staining). The temperature of the sample prints and their moisture content needs to be controlled throughout the test period, and the types of light sources need to be chosen to yield data that can be correlated satisfactorily with those obtai
30、ned under conditions of normal use.Accelerated light stability tests for predicting the behaviour of photographic colour images under normal display conditions might be complicated by “reciprocity failure”. When applied to light-induced fading and staining of colour images, reciprocity failure refer
31、s to the failure of a colourant to fade, or to form stain, equally when irradiated with high-intensity versus low-intensity light, even though the total light exposure (intensity time) is kept constant through appropriate adjustments in exposure duration. The extent of colourant fading and stain for
32、mation can be greater or smaller under accelerated conditions, depending on the photochemical reactions involved in the colourant degradation, on the kind of colourant dispersion, on the nature of the binder material, and on other variables. For example the supply of oxygen, which can diffuse into a
33、 photographs image-containing layers from the surrounding atmosphere, can be restricted in an accelerated test (dry gelatine, for example, is an excellent oxygen barrier). This can change the rate of colourant fading relative to the fading that would occur under normal display conditions. The magnit
34、ude of reciprocity failure can also be influenced by the temperature and moisture content of the test sample prints. Furthermore, light fading can be influenced by the pattern of irradiation (continuous versus intermittent) as well as by light/dark cycling rates (see Annex A).vi ISO 2014 All rights
35、reservedBS ISO 18937:2014Imaging materials Photographic reflection prints Methods for measuring indoor light stability1 ScopeThis International Standard describes test equipment and procedures for measuring the light stability of images of colour photographic reflection prints designed for display i
36、n, for example, houses, apartments, other dwelling places, offices and commercial display, when subjected to certain illuminants at specified temperatures and relative humidities. This International Standard also addresses colour photographic reflection prints designed for display in galleries and m
37、useums.Indoor illumination conditions described in this International Standard include a) simulated indoor daylight typical home display, b) simulated direct sunlight in-window display, c) fluorescent illumination using “cool white”, and d) other types of illumination sources, such as other fluoresc
38、ent lamps, tungsten halogen, LED, OLED and metal halide lamps.This International Standard is applicable to reflection colour prints made with colour hardcopy materials. Included are inkjet prints, thermal dye diffusion transfer (“dye-sub”) prints, liquid- and dry-toner electrophotographic prints, pr
39、ints made with traditional chromogenic (“silver-halide”) photographic colour materials and, in general, all types of colour prints made with direct analog and digital print processes. The recommended evaluation methods can also be applied to black-and-white photographic prints.This International Sta
40、ndard does not include test procedures for determining the effects of light exposure on the physical stability of images, supports or binder materials. However, it is recognized that in some instances, physical degradation, such as support embrittlement, image layer cracking or delamination of an im
41、age layer from its support, rather than the stability of the image itself, will determine the useful life of a print material.Print image stability results determined for one printer model, software settings, colourant and media combination might not be applicable to image prints produced through an
42、other printer model, software settings, colourant and media combination.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated referen
43、ces, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 5-3, Photography and graphic technology Density measurements Part 3: Spectral conditionsISO 5-4, Photography and graphic technology Density measurements Part 4: Geometric conditions for reflection densityISO 24
44、71, Paper and board Determination of opacity (paper backing) Diffuse reflectance methodISO 4892-1, Plastics Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources Part 1: General guidanceISO 4892-2, Plastics Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources Part 2: Xenon-arc lampsISO 9370, Plastics Instrumen
45、tal determination of radiant exposure in weathering tests General guidance and basic test methodISO 11664-4, Colorimetry Part 4: CIE 1976 L*a*b* Colour spaceINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18937:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 18937:2014ISO 18937:2014(E)ISO 13655, Graphic technology Spectral
46、 measurement and colorimetric computation for graphic arts imagesISO 18913, Imaging materials Permanence VocabularyISO/TR 18931, Imaging materials Recommendations for humidity measurement and controlISO 18941, Imaging materials Colour reflection prints Test method for ozone gas fading stabilityISO 1
47、8944, Imaging materials Reflection colour photographic prints Test print construction and measurementCIE S 023/E:2013, Characterization of the Performance of Illuminance Meters and Luminance MetersASTM G113, Standard Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Mate
48、rialsASTM G151, Standard Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 18913 and the following apply. NOTE In any case where the terms and defin
49、itions are duplicated with ISO 18913, the following terms and definitions take precedence for the use of this International Standard.3.1operational control pointset point for equilibrium conditions measured at one or more sensor locations in an exposure deviceSOURCE: ASTM G 113-09, 3.23.2operational fluctuationspositive and negative deviations from the setting of the sensor at the operational control set point during equilibrium conditions in a laboratory accelerated weathering device
