1、BS ISO 2146:2010ICS 01.140.20NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDInformation anddocumentation Registry services forlibraries and relatedorganizationsThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on
2、 30 June2010 BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 65941 6Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS ISO 2146:2010National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 2146:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee IDT/2/7, Computer applica
3、tions in Information andDocumentation.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British S
4、tandard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS ISO 2146:2010Reference numberISO 2146:2010(E)ISO 2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO2146Third edition2010-04-15Information and documentation Registry services for libraries and related organizations Information et documentation Services de registre
5、pour les bibliothques et les organismes associs BS ISO 2146:2010ISO 2146:2010(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to
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10、 ISO 2010 All rights reservedBS ISO 2146:2010ISO 2146:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .2 4 Presentation.3 4.1 Information model hierarchy3 4.2 Structure.4 4.3 Arrangement 4 4.4 Obligation.4 4.5
11、Occurrence.5 4.6 Data types.5 4.7 Attributes9 5 Registry object.10 6 Party17 7 Collection .18 8 Activity22 9 Service23 10 Access policy.27 11 Service description .29 12 Protocol information .35 13 Global elements.38 14 Record details44 Annex A (normative) Alphabetic sequence of data elements 46 Anne
12、x B (informative) General guidelines for building registry services.54 Annex C (informative) Case study 1: Registries of libraries and related organizations59 Annex D (informative) Case study 2: Collection service registries .64 Annex E (informative) Dublin Core Collections Application Profile 69 An
13、nex F (informative) Related standards .71 Bibliography75 BS ISO 2146:2010ISO 2146:2010(E) iv ISO 2010 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International S
14、tandards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, als
15、o take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committe
16、es is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possi
17、bility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 2146 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation, Subcommittee SC 4, Technical interoperability
18、. This third edition constitutes a revision of the second edition (ISO 2146:1988), which was withdrawn in 1999. The entire text of the second edition has been reorganized and rewritten for this third edition. BS ISO 2146:2010ISO 2146:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved vIntroduction ISO 2146 was fi
19、rst published in 1972 under the title Directories of libraries, information and documentation centres. Its purpose was to assist in compiling and publishing international directories, national registries published in bi- or multilingual countries and national and regional directories intended for in
20、ternational use. When the second edition came up for its ten year review in 1988, the world had changed. Agencies were finding new ways of collecting and publishing directory information on the Internet and of deploying it in machine-readable form to aid discovery and delivery. The need was identifi
21、ed to repurpose this International Standard as a data element directory and to take into account new usage scenarios. Development of the revision began in 2001 with support for interlibrary lending scenarios as an initial driver. The primary purpose of ISO 2146 in its new form is to offer a conceptu
22、al basis for the development of the full range of registry services needed to support digital library usage scenarios. As such, it is designed to be explanatory and extensible rather than restrictive and prescriptive. The term “registry” has been adopted in the title and the data element directory t
23、o indicate that this International Standard supports the process of collecting the required information from stakeholders as well as making it available for use. The data element directory has been formulated as an object-oriented model that can be converted to machine readable formats such as XML.
24、Some concepts are less developed than others but this version of this International Standard is nevertheless complete. It allows for the addition of new elements through a typing approach and provides free text elements for capturing information not explicitly modelled. It also allows any data eleme
25、nt to be encoded using an extension schema. As a framework standard, it does not prescribe how data are recorded or what ontologies or controlled vocabularies are used. To do so would limit the applicability of this International Standard to specific usage scenarios. However, a range of examples and
26、 starter lists is provided, and implementers are encouraged to use (or to collaborate in the development of) appropriate standards for any given service, usage, or subject field. It is anticipated that different registry applications will be based on profiles of this International Standard. The prof
27、iles will specify the objects in the information model and the data elements essential to that registry type, and define and maintain the enumerated lists appropriate to the application. The profile will also specify the bindings and protocols to be used for exchange purposes. This will enable parti
28、es in the same sector and in parallel sectors to collaborate in the development and delivery of services and content. Other standards exist to facilitate the exchange of registry objects between systems. This International Standard is not intended to replace these standards although an XML schema ve
29、rsion of the data element directory can be used for this purpose. Similarly, other standards exist or are under development to enable the persistent identification of registry objects. This International Standard provides data elements for the recording and management of such identifiers but does no
30、t prescribe their use. BS ISO 2146:2010BS ISO 2146:2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2146:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 1Information and documentation Registry services for libraries and related organizations 1 Scope This International Standard establishes the rules for registries operating in a
31、 network environment to provide the information about collections, parties, activities and services needed by libraries and related organizations to manage their collections and deliver information and documentation services across a range of applications and domains. This International Standard pre
32、sents a data element directory that can be used as a framework for collecting the appropriate data and sharing it with other registry services, providing access to registry data through standard protocols whenever it is needed as part of an automated business workflow, publishing registries in elect
33、ronic or print form, and archiving registry data when the data exist only in electronic form. This International Standard is applicable to national registries published in bi- or multilingual countries and national and regional registries intended for international use. The field of application incl
34、udes but is not limited to collection management systems and digital repositories, discovery services, including catalogues and indexes, federated metadata repositories and metasearch portals, delivery services, including persistent identifier management and resolution, access management and interle
35、nding services, reference services including reference management systems and virtual reference services, and the registry services themselves, of all types, needed to support the above applications. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of t
36、his document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For updated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 639-2, Codes for the representation of names of languages Part 2: Alpha-3 code ISO 3166-1, Codes for the representation of
37、 names of countries and their subdivisions Part 1: Country codes ISO 3166-2, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions Part 2: Country subdivision code ISO 4217, Codes for the representation of currencies and funds ISO 8601:2004, Data elements and interchange formats
38、Information interchange Representation of dates and times BS ISO 2146:2010ISO 2146:2010(E) 2 ISO 2010 All rights reserved3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 attribute data element that is a property or characteristic of a class 3.2
39、 character printable symbol having phonetic or pictographic meaning and usually forming part of a word of text, depicting a numeral, or expressing grammatical punctuation 3.3 code representation of a piece of information such as a letter, word or phrase in another form, usually briefer 3.4 data elem
40、ent element basic unit of identifiable and definable data 3.5 data type term used to qualify both the content and the structure of an element 3.6 entity record in a database or registry consisting of one or more elements that has a discrete existence 3.7 ILL inter library loan lending or copying tra
41、nsaction between two libraries on behalf of an end user 3.8 registry collection of registry objects compiled to support the business of a given community 3.9 role function played by an entity such as a party or address, often specific to a transaction 3.10 transaction creation or modification of a m
42、essage required to support the searching and maintenance of a registry record or record element 3.11 word unit of language consisting of one or more characters that carries meaning BS ISO 2146:2010ISO 2146:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 34 Presentation 4.1 Information model hierarchy In this I
43、nternational Standard a registry is defined as a collection of registry objects that has been compiled to support the business of a given community. The data element directory which makes up the body of this International Standard is based on an object-oriented data model which has a registry object
44、 as its primary object class. A registry object may be a collection, party, activity or service. A collection is an aggregation of physical or digital objects. A party is a person or group. An activity is something occurring over time that generates one or more outputs. A service is a system (analog
45、ue or digital) that provides one or more functions of value to an end user. Figure 1 Registry object and its sub-classes Figure 1 shows the relationships between these sub-classes. Amongst other roles, parties collect or own collections and run or join in activities. Parties also manage and use serv
46、ices through which collections and activities are accessed. Figure 1 also shows that services may have policies that permit or deny access to users under certain conditions, that they have service levels and obligations that need to be described and that they may be delivered through protocols in a
47、network environment. The data elements needed to describe access policies, service descriptions and protocol information are the key to building interoperable services and also to developing service-oriented applications. When bound into appropriate schemas they become interface objects that can be
48、exchanged as messages whenever this information is needed to perform a function. In this context, a registry is itself a collection that can be accessed through a service using standard protocols. While the scope of this International Standard is limited to the four sub-classes of registry object sh
49、own in Figure 1, an item object has been included in the diagram to show the continuum between item and collection. Items and collections are both resources and can be described using the bibliographic entities defined in the IFLA Functional requirements for bibliographic records (FRBR) model. Resource description standards such as the DCMI Metadata terms enable the description of both collections and items and their discovery using BS ISO 2146:2010ISO 2146:2010(E) 4 ISO 2010 All rights reservedcommon access points. These
