1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 22324:2015Societal security Emergencymanagement Guidelines forcolour-coded alertsBS ISO 22324:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 22324:2015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommi
2、ttee SSM/1, Societal security management.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards In
3、stitution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 79959 4ICS 01.070; 03.100.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2015.Amend
4、ments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 22324:2015 ISO 2015Societal security Emergency management Guidelines for colour-coded alertsScurit socitale Gestion des urgences Lignes directrices relatives aux alertes code couleurINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO22324First edition2015-06-15Reference
5、numberISO 22324:2015(E)BS ISO 22324:2015ISO 22324:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, ele
6、ctronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Verni
7、er, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 22324:2015ISO 22324:2015(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Guidance for use of colour codes . 24.1 General . 24.2 Colour codes to express the sta
8、tus of hazard . 24.2.1 General 24.2.2 Typical colours for colour-coding system 24.2.3 Order and position for the red, yellow and green spectrum 34.3 Colour codes to give supplementary information 34.3.1 General 34.3.2 Black and purple 44.3.3 Blue 44.3.4 Grey . 44.4 Consideration for human factors an
9、d colour blindness 44.4.1 General 44.4.2 Colour names 54.4.3 Text colours 5Annex A (informative) Examples on the use of colour codes in practice 6Annex B (informative) Recommendations for colour selection . 9Bibliography .11 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 22324:2015ISO 22324:201
10、5(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which
11、a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matt
12、ers of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This doc
13、ument was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directivesAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such pa
14、tent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patentsAny trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not const
15、itute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe com
16、mittee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 292, Security.iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 22324:2015ISO 22324:2015(E)IntroductionPeople may be faced in their daily lives with various kinds of risks. People at risk should be able to take appropriate safety actions when faced with hazards eve
17、n though they may not have a full understanding of them.Public warnings, through a combination of prior notifications and alerts, enable people at risk to take appropriate and timely actions to protect their safety.Colour-coded alerts are used to notify people at risk of status changes on a safety o
18、r danger continuum in allowing them to take appropriate actions.This International Standard will lead to better understanding of colour-coded alerts by reducing confusion and prompting more appropriate responses in an emergency situation. ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS ISO 22324:2015BS ISO 22324:2
19、015Societal security Emergency management Guidelines for colour-coded alerts1 ScopeThis International Standard provides guidelines for the use of colour codes to inform people at risk as well as first response personnel about danger and to express the severity of a situation. It is applicable to all
20、 types of hazard in any location.This International Standard does not cover the method for displaying colour codes, detailed ergonomic considerations related with viewing displays, or safety signs covered by ISO 3864-1.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normative
21、ly referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 3864-1, Graphical symbols Safety colours and safety signs Part
22、1: Design principles for safety signs and safety markingsISO 22322, Societal security Emergency management Guidelines for public warning3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 22300 and the following apply.NOTE All terms and definitions contai
23、ned in ISO 22300 are available on the ISO Online Browsing Platform: www.iso.org/obp.3.1alertpart of public warning that captures attention of first responders and people at risk in a developing emergency situationSOURCE: ISO 22322, definition 3.13.2colour blindnesstotal or partial inability to diffe
24、rentiate certain huesSOURCE: ISO 5492:2008, definition 2.343.3colour-codeset of colours used symbolically to represent particular meaningsSOURCE: ISO 17724:2003, definition 113.4hueattribute of a visual sensation according to which an area appears to be similar to one of the perceived colours, red,
25、yellow, green, and blue, or to a combination of two of themSOURCE: ISO/IEC 8632-1:1999, definition 4.1.61INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22324:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 22324:2015ISO 22324:2015(E)4 Guidance for use of colour codes4.1 GeneralRed, yellow and green (and the spectrum in be
26、tween in terms of hue) should be used to express the status of a hazard. Black, purple, blue and grey should be used to give supplementary information about the hazard.4.2 Colour codes to express the status of hazard4.2.1 GeneralRed is associated with danger and should be used to notify people at ri
27、sk to take appropriate safety actions immediately.Yellow is associated with caution and should be used to notify people at risk to prepare to take appropriate safety actions.Green is associated with a safe status and should be used to notify people at risk that no action is required.This Internation
28、al Standard does not define danger, caution or safety other than the suggested meaning given in Table 1.Experts should classify the status of hazard into danger, caution or safe.Table 1 Colour codesColour Associated meaning Proposed actionRed Danger Take appropriate safety action immediatelyYellow C
29、aution Prepare to take appropriate safety actionGreen Safe No action required4.2.2 Typical colours for colour-coding systemIf more than three colours are needed to express the level of hazard, the colours and supporting information should be based on the following: the number of level of hazard shou
30、ld be minimized in order to limit the number of colours being used; hues between the red and green spectrum should be chosen; no more than seven colours should be used to avoid confusion; supporting information, which is understandable by users, should be added, including: supplemental information (
31、e.g. text, numbers, shape, symbol, size); positional coding.Figure 1 illustrates the different colours which can be used in colour code systems.The colours in Figure 1 are indicative and should not be used for colour matching.Annex B gives recommendations on colour specifications based on Munsell, C
32、MYK, and RGB systems.2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 22324:2015ISO 22324:2015(E)Figure 1 Guideline for use of basic colours4.2.3 Order and position for the red, yellow and green spectrumThe order of colours can provide positional cues so that people can easily recognize the meaning of the alert
33、.There are several ways to show and use the spectrum of red, yellow and green (see Figure 2). However, these colours should always be placed in a certain order where the increasing level of hazard is presented: from left to right, or from bottom to top.Figure 2 Example of the order and position of c
34、olour-coding4.3 Colour codes to give supplementary information4.3.1 GeneralIn addition to the red, yellow, green spectrum, black, purple, blue and grey may be used to provide additional information.Annex B gives recommendations on colour specifications based on Munsell, CMYK, and RGB systems. ISO 20
35、15 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 22324:2015ISO 22324:2015(E)Table 2 Supplementary colour codesColour Associated meaning Additional informationBlack Fatal danger Can be used in addition to red to give supplementary information about fatal dangerPurple Fatal danger Can be used in addition to red to give
36、 supplementary information about fatal dangerBlue Informational purposes Can be used to give supplementary information. However, blue should not be used to indicate any level of hazardGrey No information available Should be used to explicitly indicate that no information is avail-able.The applicatio
37、ns using colour codes consistent with this International Standard are demonstrated in Annex A.4.3.2 Black and purpleBlack or purple should be used for fatal danger. Users may choose black or purple depending on cultural significance.Black can be replaced with black and white checkerboard.NOTE When e
38、xpressing fatal danger on computer screens or LED displays, black may be a problem since black is a non-luminescent colour. In such cases, using black and white checkerboard is recommended. See Figure 3 for a checkerboard example.Figure 3 Example of checkerboard4.3.3 BlueBlue should not be used to i
39、ndicate a safe condition or any other level of hazard. Blue should be used for purely informational purposes that does not indicate levels of hazard.4.3.4 GreyGrey should be used to explicitly indicate no information is available.4.4 Consideration for human factors and colour blindness4.4.1 GeneralI
40、t is essential that colour-coded alerts are visible and that appropriate attention is paid to the performance of the display device and its associated ergonomic requirements.Special consideration should be given to human limitations for distinguishing colours one at a time. Judgements about safety,
41、relying only on colour-coding, should take account of human abilities to discriminate between different colours.Whenever human judgment based solely on colour-coding is required, only red, yellow, and green should be used. Supplementary information to the used colour should be provided whenever peop
42、le at risk can 4 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 22324:2015ISO 22324:2015(E)be expected to include those with limited colour discrimination. Supplementary information should follow ergonomic advice for all kinds of colour blindness (see ISO/TR 22411 and ISO 9241).NOTE Inability to distinguish bet
43、ween red and green is the most common form of colour blindness (ISO/IEC Guide 71:2001, 8.5.1).4.4.2 Colour namesWhen appropriate, the colour name should be used as a supplementary way to warn people at risk.EXAMPLE An audible “red alert” over a public address system can be used to warn people.NOTE S
44、ome languages do not include words for all existing colours. Generally, names for black, purple, red, yellow and green are common in most languages while orange or amber are not found in many languages.4.4.3 Text coloursWhen appropriate, text should be used to clarify the colour that is used. Such t
45、ext can be placed separately or superimposed over the colour. When superimposing text over a colour-coded alert, the text colours shown in Table 3 are recommended in order to maintain satisfactory levels of contrast.The selection of appropriate text font should take account of ergonomic requirements
46、.Table 3 Recommended colours for superimposed textColour-coded alert Text coloursBlack WhitePurple WhiteRed WhiteYellow BlackGreen WhiteNOTE The choice of font has a significant impact on legibility. The appropriate font depends on conditions such as, but not limited to, viewing distances, levels of
47、 illumination and colour contrasts. ISO 2015 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 22324:2015ISO 22324:2015(E)Annex A (informative) Examples on the use of colour codes in practiceA.1 GeneralThis Annex gives three examples of colour codes used in practice. These examples are not based on the colour codes in th
48、is International Standard, but are presented for information.A.2 International nuclear and radiological event scaleNOTE Figure A.1 is referenced from The International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale Users Manual - 2008 Edition, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna (2009). The copy
49、right of Figure A.1 is retained by IAEA.Figure A.1 An application of the IAEA-system using seven colours including purple as a fatal colour6 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 22324:2015ISO 22324:2015(E)A.3 Triage tagsNOTE Figure A.2 is made following the guidelines of the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.Figure A.2 An example of Japanese triage tag ISO 2015 All rights reserved 7BS ISO 22324:2015ISO 22324:2015(E)A.4 Meteorological mapNOTE The copyright of Figure A.3 is ret
