1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 2240:2003 Photography Colour reversal camera films Determination of ISO speed ICS 37.040.20 BS SI22 O042:300 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 11 February 2004 BSI 11 February 2004 ISBN 0 580 43392 7 Nati
2、onal foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 2240:2003 and implements it as the UK national standard. It supersedes BS ISO 2240:1994 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CPW/42, Photography, which has the responsibility to: A
3、 list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Corre
4、spondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not
5、of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European development
6、s and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 8, and inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. A
7、mendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments BSISO2240:2003BSISO2240:2003 Reference number ISO 2240:2003(E) OSI 3002INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2240 Fourth edition 2003-10-15 Photography Colour reversal camera films Determination of ISO speed Photographie Films de prise de vue inversible
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13、02(E) I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member bod
14、y interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrote
15、chnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by
16、 the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rig
17、hts. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 2240 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 2240:1994), which has been technically revised. BSISO2240:2003IS:0422 O3002(E) iv
18、 I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevrIntroduction The ISO speeds are intended to provide correct exposures with exposure meters conforming to ISO 2720, and, where applicable, automatic exposure controls for cameras conforming to ISO 2721; the resultant camera exposure will normally lead to colour transpare
19、ncies or motion pictures of the best quality. For an average scene and average camera, the indicated camera exposure will be approximately midway between the least exposure and the greatest exposure required to produce transparencies and motion-picture films suitable for viewing at normal luminance
20、levels. For the purpose of this International Standard, the normal luminance of transparency illuminators is assumed to be that described in ISO 3664 with a ratio of direct-to-ambient luminance of about 40:1. The normal luminance of transparency projection screens is assumed to be about 137 cd/m 2 .
21、 Screen luminance of 8 mm Type R and 8 mm Type S (Super-8) motion-picture film projection is assumed to range from approximately 40 cd/m 2(see ISO 2910) to 62 cd/m 2 . Therefore, it may be desirable to increase exposure by 25 % above that obtained by using the speed derived by following the sensitom
22、etric procedure described in this International Standard. Many camera manufacturers design and calibrate their 8 mm Type R and 8 mm Type S motion-picture cameras with an adjustment which permits more exposure to compensate for the lower screen luminance of the usual projection conditions (see ISO 27
23、21). BSISO2240:2003INTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS:0422 O3002(E)I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr 1Photography Colour reversal camera films Determination of ISO speed 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the method for determining the ISO speed of colour reversal camera films producing continuous-ton
24、e pictorial images that are intended to be viewed on transparency illuminators or by projection as slides. It also applies to 8 mm and 16 mm motion-picture films used in non-professional applications. This International Standard is not applicable to professional motion-picture films regardless of th
25、eir applications. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5-2,
26、 Photography Density measurements Part 2: Geometric conditions for transmission density ISO 5-3, Photography Density measurements Part 3: Spectral conditions ISO 7589, Photography Illuminants for sensitometry Specifications for daylight, incandescent tungsten and printer 3 Terms and definitions For
27、the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 exposure H time integral of illuminance on the film NOTE 1 In the International lighting vocabulary 8 , H is defined as the luminous exposure. In this International Standard, “luminous exposure“ is simply referred to as “e
28、xposure“. NOTE 2 Exposure is measured in lux seconds. NOTE 3 Exposure is often expressed in log 10 H units. 3.2 speed quantitative measure of the response of the photographic material to radiant energy for the specified conditions of exposure, processing, density measurement and analysis BSISO2240:2
29、003IS:0422 O3002(E) 2 I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr3.3 minimum density minimum density value obtainable following the process used in the ISO speed determination 4 Sampling and storage In determining the ISO speed of a product, it is important that the samples evaluated yield the average results obt
30、ained by users. This requires evaluating several different batches periodically under the conditions specified in this International Standard. Prior to evaluation, the samples shall be stored according to the manufacturers recommendations for a length of time to simulate the average age at which the
31、 product is normally used. To assure that all components of variance are included in the sampling plan, it is recommended that procedures such as those outlined in ISO Standards Handbook 7be used. The objective in selecting and storing samples as described above is to ensure the film characteristics
32、 are representative of those obtained by a photographer at the time of use. 5 Test method 5.1 Principle Samples are exposed and processed in the manner specified below. Density measurements are obtained from the resultant images to produce a sensitometric curve from which values are taken and used t
33、o determine ISO speed. 5.2 Safelights To eliminate the possibility of safelight illumination affecting the sensitometric results, all films shall be handled in complete darkness during sample preparation, exposing and processing. 5.3 Exposure 5.3.1 Sample conditions During exposure, the samples shal
34、l be equilibrated with air at a temperature of (23 2) C and a relative humidity of (50 5) %. 5.3.2 Type of sensitometer The sensitometer shall be a non-intermittent, illuminance-scale type. 5.3.3 Radiant energy quality The appropriate illuminant for the particular film type being exposed shall confo
35、rm to the specification given in ISO 7589. ISO speed may be determined using ISO sensitometric daylight, studio tungsten, or photoflood illuminants. Since the speed of film process combinations depends on the type of illuminant used, the illuminant should be specified in the instructions. ISO speed
36、shall be specified for use without a filter in front of the camera lens. If a film is used with a colour filter in front of the camera lens, an “equivalent“ speed number can be used to determine the exposure of the film with the filter. ISO speed is not applicable to the filtered condition. 5.3.4 Mo
37、dulation The total range of spectral diffuse transmission density with respect to the film plane of each area of the light modulator throughout the wavelength interval from 400 nm to 700 nm shall not exceed 5 % of the average BSISO2240:2003IS:0422 O3002(E) I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr 3density obta
38、ined over the same interval or 0,03 density, which ever is greater. In the interval from 360 nm to 400 nm, 10 % of this same average density or 0,06 density, whichever is greater, is acceptable. If stepped increment modulation is used, the exposure increment shall not be greater than 0,15 log 10 H.
39、The width and length of a single step shall be adequate to obtain a uniform density within the reading aperture specified for densitometry. If a continuous variable modulator is used, the change in exposure with distance along the test strip shall be uniform and not greater than 0,04 log 10 H per mi
40、llimetre. 5.3.5 Exposure time The exposure time shall be between 5 s and 1/1 000 s corresponding to the usage practice for the particular film tested. Since the speed of film is dependent on exposure time because of reciprocity law failure, the exposure time used for determining ISO speed should be
41、specified in use instructions. 5.4 Processing 5.4.1 Conditioning of samples In the time interval between exposure and processing, the samples shall be equilibrated with air at (23 2) C and a relative humidity of (50 5) %. The processing shall be completed in no fewer than 5 days and no more than 10
42、days after exposure for general-purpose films, and no fewer than 4 h and no more than 7 days for professional films. 5.4.2 Processing specifications No processing specifications are described in this International Standard in recognition of the wide range of chemicals and equipment used. ISO speed p
43、rovided by film manufacturers generally applies to the film when it is processed in accordance with their recommendations to produce the photographic characteristics specified for the process. Processing information shall be available from film manufacturers or others who quote ISO speed. This shall
44、 specify the chemicals, time, temperatures, agitation and procedure used for each of the processing steps and any additional information required to obtain the sensitometric results described. The values for speed obtained using various processing procedures can differ significantly. Although differ
45、ent speeds for a particular film can be achieved by varying the process, the user should be aware that other sensitometric and physical changes can also accompany the speed changes. 5.5 Densitometry ISO standard visual diffuse transmission density of the processed images shall be measured using a de
46、nsitometer complying with the geometric conditions specified in ISO 5-2 and the spectral conditions specified in ISO 5-3. These conditions are designated: D T(90opal; S H : u 10; V T ) or D T(u10; S H : 90opal; V T ) Readings shall be made in a uniform area of the image, typically at least 1 mm from
47、 the edges of the exposures. BSISO2240:2003IS:0422 O3002(E) 4 I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr5.6 Evaluation 5.6.1 Sensitometric curve The ISO standard visual diffuse transmission density values are plotted against the logarithm to the base 10 of the corresponding exposures (H) expressed in lux seconds
48、, to obtain a sensitometric curve similar to that illustrated in Figure 1. 5.6.2 Minimum density The minimum density shall be determined from a film sample adequately exposed to produce the minimum density possible and processed simultaneously with the sample exposed for determining the sensitometri
49、c curve. 5.6.3 Determination of H mand log 10 H mThe method for determining ISO speed is illustrated in Figure 1. Point P is located on the sensitometric curve at the density of 0,20 above the minimum density. Point S is then located on the curve 2,00 above the minimum density to bracket the normal range of density in a typical transparency. In order to represent a reasonable reproduction of the scene, the slope of the
