1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58ICS 25.080.01Test code for machine tools Part 3: Determination of thermal effects BRITISH STANDARDB
2、S ISO 230-3:2007BS ISO 230-3:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 55328 8Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentscontract. Users are responsible for its correct application
3、.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 230-3:2007. It supersedes BS ISO 230-3:2001 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MTE/1,
4、Machine tools.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a Reference numberISO 230-3:2007(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO230-3Second edition2007-08-15Test code for machine
5、 tools Part 3: Determination of thermal effects Code dessai des machines-outils Partie 3: valuation des effets thermiques BS ISO 230-3:2007ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Preliminary remarks . 5 4.1 Measuring units 5
6、4.2 Reference to ISO 230-1. 5 4.3 Recommended instrumentation and test equipment 5 4.4 Machine conditions prior to testing 6 4.5 Test sequence . 6 4.6 Test environment temperature 6 5 ETVE test . 7 5.1 General. 7 5.2 Test method. 10 5.3 Interpretation of results 11 5.4 Presentation of results. 14 6
7、Thermal distortion caused by rotating spindle . 15 6.1 General. 15 6.2 Test method. 15 6.3 Interpretation of results 17 6.4 Presentation of results. 19 7 Thermal distortion caused by linear motion of components. 19 7.1 General. 19 7.2 Test method. 20 7.3 Presentation of results. 26 Annex A (informat
8、ive) Linear displacement sensors . 30 Annex B (informative) Guidelines on the required number of linear displacement sensors . 35 Annex C (informative) Guidelines for machine tool thermal environment. 38 Annex D (informative) Alternative measurement devices and set-ups 40 Bibliography . 44 BS ISO 23
9、0-3:2007iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject fo
10、r which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on
11、all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees ar
12、e circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held r
13、esponsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 230-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 39, Machine tools, Subcommittee SC 2, Test conditions for metal cutting machine tools. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 230-3:2001), which has been technicall
14、y revised. ISO 230 consists of the following parts, under the general title Test code for machine tools: Part 1: Geometric accuracy of machines operating under no-load or finishing conditions Part 2: Determination of accuracy and repeatability of positioning numerically controlled axes Part 3: Deter
15、mination of thermal effects Part 4: Circular tests for numerically controlled machine tools Part 5: Determination of the noise emission Part 6: Determination of positioning accuracy on body and face diagonals (Diagonal displacement tests) Part 7: Geometric accuracy of axes of rotation Part 9: Estima
16、tion of measurement uncertainty for machine tool tests according to series 230, basic equations Technical Report The following part is under preparation: Part 8: Determination of vibration levels Technical Report Determination of the measuring performance of a machine tool is to form the subject of
17、a future part 10. BS ISO 230-3:2007vIntroduction The purpose of ISO 230 is to standardize methods for testing the accuracy of machine tools, excluding portable power tools. This part of ISO 230 specifies test procedures for determining thermal effects caused by a variety of heat inputs resulting in
18、the distortions of a machine tool structure or the positioning system. It is a recognized fact that the ultimate thermo-elastic deformation of a machine tool is closely linked to the operating conditions. The test conditions described in this part of ISO 230 are not intended to simulate the normal o
19、perating conditions, but to facilitate performance estimation and the determination of the effects of environment on machine performance. For example, use of coolants may significantly affect the actual thermal behaviour of the machine. Therefore, these tests should be considered only as the prelimi
20、nary tests towards the determination of actual thermo-elastic behaviour of the machine tool if such determination becomes necessary for machine characterization purposes. The tests are designed to measure the relative displacements between the component that holds the tool and the component that hol
21、ds the workpiece as a result of thermal expansion or contraction of relevant structural elements. The tests specified in this part of ISO 230 can be used either for testing different types of machine tool (type testing) or individual machine tools for acceptance purposes. When the tests are required
22、 for acceptance purposes, it is up to the user to choose, in agreement with the supplier/manufacturer, those tests relating to the properties of the components of the machine which are of interest. The mere reference to this part of the test code for the acceptance tests, without agreement on the pa
23、rts to be applied and the relevant charges, cannot be considered as binding for one or other of the contracting parties. One significant feature of this part of ISO 230 is its emphasis on environmental thermal effects on all the performance tests described in other parts of ISO 230 related to linear
24、 displacement measurements (such as linear displacement accuracy, repeatability and the circular tests). The supplier/manufacturer will need to provide thermal specifications for the environment in which the machine can be expected to perform with the specified accuracy. The machine user will be res
25、ponsible for providing a suitable test environment by meeting the suppliers/manufacturers thermal guidelines or otherwise accepting reduced performance. An example of environmental thermal guidelines is given in Annex C. A relaxation of accuracy expectations is required if the thermal environment ca
26、uses excessive uncertainty or variation in the machine tool performance and does not meet the suppliers/manufacturers thermal guidelines. If the machine does not meet the performance specifications, the analysis of the combined standard thermal uncertainty provides help in identifying sources of pro
27、blems. Combined standard thermal uncertainty is defined in 3.6, as well as in ISO/TR 16015. BS ISO 230-3:2007blank1Test code for machine tools Part 3: Determination of thermal effects 1 Scope This part of ISO 230 defines three tests for the determination of thermal effects on machine tools: an envir
28、onmental temperature variation error (ETVE) test; a test for thermal distortion caused by rotating spindles; a test for thermal distortion caused by moving linear axes. The test for thermal distortion caused by moving linear axes (see Clause 7) is applicable to numerically controlled (NC) machines o
29、nly and is designed to quantify the effects of thermal expansion and contraction as well as the rotational deformation of structure. For practical reasons, it is applicable to machines with linear axes up to 2 000 mm in length. If used for machines with axes longer than 2 000 mm, it will be necessar
30、y to choose a representative length of 2 000 mm in the normal range of each axis for the tests. The tests correspond to drift tests according to ISO/TR 16015 and define the evaluation and the detailed procedure for machine tools. NOTE It is not foreseen that numerical tolerances will be determined f
31、or the tests specified in this part of ISO 230. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
32、 amendments) applies. ISO 1:2002, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Standard reference temperature for geometrical product specification and verification ISO 230-1:1996, Test code for machine tools Part 1: Geometric accuracy of machines operating under no-load or finishing conditions ISO/TR 1
33、6015:2003, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Systematic errors and contributions to measurement uncertainty of length measurement due to thermal influences BS ISO 230-3:20072 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TR 16015 and the fol
34、lowing apply. 3.1 machine scale measurement system integrated into a machine providing the linear or rotary position of the machines axis 3.2 coefficient of thermal expansion ratio of the fractional change of the length of a measured object or of the scale of length test equipment to the change in t
35、emperature NOTE For the purposes of this part of ISO 230, a range of temperature from 20C to T is considered; the following expression is used: ()()202020,20TLLTLT=where L is the length of a measured object or of a portion of the scale of a length test equipment. 3.3 nominal coefficient of thermal e
36、xpansion napproximate value for the coefficient of thermal expansion over a range of temperature from 20C to T 3.4 uncertainty of coefficient of thermal expansion uparameter that characterizes the dispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the coefficient of thermal expansion 3.
37、5 thermal expansion Echange in the length of a measured object or a portion of the scale of length test equipment in response to a temperature change 3.6 nominal thermal expansion NEestimate of the thermal expansion of a measured object or a portion of the scale of length test equipment from 20C to
38、their average temperatures at the time of measurement NOTE This estimate is based on nominal coefficients of thermal expansion: ()NE20nLT= 3.7 uncertainty in nominal thermal expansion due to uncertainty in NEuuncertainty in the nominal thermal expansion arising from uncertainty in the coefficient of
39、 thermal expansion NOTE This uncertainty can be calculated by ()NE20uLT u= BS ISO 230-3:200733.8 uncertainty of length due to temperature measurement uTMuncertainty in a measured length due to the uncertainty of the temperature at which the length measurement was made 3.9 nominal differential therma
40、l expansion NDE difference between the estimated expansion of a measured object and that of the test equipment owing to their temperatures deviating from 20 C 3.10 uncertainty of nominal differential thermal expansion uNDE combined uncertainty caused by the uncertainties of thermal expansion of the
41、measured object and that of the test equipment NOTE 1 It is obtained as the square root of the sum of the squares of the uncertainties of nominal expansions of the measured object and the test equipment: 22NDE EM ETuuu=+ where uEMis the uncertainty of nominal expansion of the measured object; uETis
42、the uncertainty of nominal expansion of the test equipment. NOTE 2 For evaluation of uncertainly, see ISO/TR 16015:2003, 5.3.4. 3.11 environmental temperature variation error ETVE estimate of the maximum possible measurement variation induced solely by the variation of the environment temperature du
43、ring any time period while performance measurements are carried out on a machine tool EXAMPLE The notation ETVE(Z, 8 C) indicates that the ETVE value is obtained along the Z direction and the value corresponds to an environmental temperature variation of 8 C. NOTE It is recognized that ISO terminolo
44、gy normally requires the term deviation instead of error in this term. However, due to the long history of ETVE usage, it was decided to treat it as an exception. 3.12 uncertainty due to environmental temperature variation error uETVEstandard measurement uncertainty contribution in performance measu
45、rements carried out on a machine tool, caused by the effects of environmental temperature changes NOTE 1 It is calculated as the square root of the square of ETVE divided by 12 (see ISO TR 230-9): 2ETVEETVE12u = NOTE 2 The basis for the estimation of this uncertainty for a machine tool is the enviro
46、nment test according to Clause 5. BS ISO 230-3:20074 3.13 combined standard thermal uncertainty uCTcombined uncertainty in length measurements caused by an environment with a temperature other than a constant and uniform 20 C NOTE 1 This term is equivalent to combined standard dimensional uncertaint
47、y due to thermal effects as defined in ISO/TR 16015. NOTE 2 It is a combination by square root of sum of squares of uncertainty of environmental temperature variation error (uETVE), length uncertainty due to temperature measurements (uTM) and the uncertainty of nominal differential thermal expansion
48、 (uNDE): 222CT ETVE TM NDEuuuu=+ NOTE 3 A detailed description of the estimation of the combined standard thermal uncertainty is given in ISO/TR 16015. 3.14 drift d(O)xx,60 range of linear or angular displacement of axis average line of spindle in the direction of within the first 60 min of the test
49、s for thermal distortion caused by rotating spindle (at position xx) EXAMPLE The notation d(XOC)P1,60indicates that the drift of axis average line of spindle C in direction X at position P1 (away from the spindle nose) is referenced. NOTE 1 Possible notations for are X, Y, Z, A, B. Possible notations for are C, C1, A, B or any spindle axis. Possible notations for xx are: P1 (position P1, away from the spindle nose) and P2 (position P2, close to spindle nose); posi
