1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 23160:2011Watch cases and accessories Tests of the resistance to wear,scratching and impactsBS ISO 23160:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the
2、 UK implementation of ISO 23160:2011.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee STI/53, Specifications and test methods for jewellery andhorology.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does no
3、t purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 60384 6ICS 39.040.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theS
4、tandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 23160:2011Reference numberISO 23160:2011(E)ISO 2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO23160First edition2011-06-01Watch cases and accessories Tests of the resistance to wear, scratching and impa
5、cts Botes de montres et leurs accessoires Essais de rsistance lusure, aux rayures et aux impacts BS ISO 23160:2011ISO 23160:2011(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2011 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any m
6、eans, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail cop
7、yrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 23160:2011ISO 23160:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Wear resistance .2 4.1 Wear test using movin
8、g ceramic chips.2 4.2 Wear test using continuous friction against a textile belt 4 4.3 Wear test by reciprocating movement against an abrasive surface7 5 Scratch resistance.10 5.1 Objective.10 5.2 Description of test .10 5.3 Abrasive load .10 5.4 Operating procedure .10 5.5 Calibration11 5.6 Evaluat
9、ion of results .11 6 Impact resistance 11 6.1 Objective.11 6.2 Description of test .11 6.3 Abrasive material.12 6.4 Operating procedure .12 6.5 Calibration13 6.6 Evaluation of results .13 Annex A (normative) Visual inspection of watch cases and wristlets or test samples after testing for resistance
10、to wear, scratching and impacts.14 Annex B (informative) Examples of machines and abrasive elements used for the tests described in 4.1 and Clause 5 15 Bibliography16 BS ISO 23160:2011ISO 23160:2011(E) iv ISO 2011 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) i
11、s a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represe
12、nted on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are d
13、rafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
14、Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 23160 was prepar
15、ed by Technical Committee ISO/TC 114, Horology, Subcommittee SC 6, Precious metal coverings. This first edition of ISO 23160:2011 cancels and replaces ISO 3160-3:1993, which has been technically revised. BS ISO 23160:2011ISO 23160:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved vIntroduction The quality of a w
16、atch depends on many factors. Of these, the resistance of a watch to wear, scratches and impacts is an important aspect contributing to consumer satisfaction. This International Standard describes tests to simulate the deterioration of the aesthetic of watch cases and their accessories in wearing co
17、nditions. In addition, it describes tests for evaluating the wear resistance of surfaces. Where possible, a calibration process is described. The intention of this is to measure and adjust the strain of wear. For instance, results that simulate a years wear can be seen after just a few hours, allowi
18、ng the resistance of decorative layers or the base material to be examined and compared. The results are evaluated through visual observation, by comparing the parts subjected to accelerated wear tests with reference samples. Evaluation can be completed by measuring roughness and colour changes. BS
19、ISO 23160:2011BS ISO 23160:2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23160:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 1Watch cases and accessories Tests of the resistance to wear, scratching and impacts 1 Scope This International Standard specifies tests for the evaluation of the resistance of watch cases and their
20、wristlets to wear, scratching and impacts occurring when wearing the watch. This International Standard is applicable mainly to complete watch cases fitted with wristlets. However, certain tests can be applied to the watch case only, to the complete or partial wristlet, or to specially prepared samp
21、les. NOTE In order to simulate the state of degradation of a worn watch, it is possible to combine all tests described in this International Standard, by agreement between the contracting parties. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
22、 document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2819, Metallic coatings on metallic substrates Electrodeposited and chemically deposited coatings Review of methods available
23、 for testing adhesion ISO 8251, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys Measurement of abrasion resistance of anodic oxidation coatings ISO 11640, Leather Tests for colour fastness Colour fastness to cycles of to-and-fro rubbing ISO 27874, Metallic and other inorganic coatings Electrodeposited gold an
24、d gold alloy coatings for electrical, electronic and engineering purposes Specification and test methods 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 wear surface alteration, in particular resulting from friction against clothing 3.2 scrat
25、ches surface alterations resulting from general friction against all kinds of objects 3.3 impacts surface alterations resulting from general shocks against hard and rough surfaces, as well as drops, when wearing the watch BS ISO 23160:2011ISO 23160:2011(E) 2 ISO 2011 All rights reserved4 Wear resist
26、ance 4.1 Wear test using moving ceramic chips 4.1.1 Objective The aim of this test is to simulate general wear which results from wearing the watch. 4.1.2 Description of test This wear test is performed using an industrial rotating or vibrating polishing machine, on which a receptacle made of a synt
27、hetic organic material is mounted, containing the tested parts and an abrasive load. On gold plated components, one cycle corresponds to one year of effective wear. For other layers, the correspondence shall be established. The test conditions depend on the type of machine being used. An example of
28、the test conditions of two machines is shown in B.1. 4.1.3 Abrasive load 4.1.3.1 General The abrasive load shall be composed of abrasive ceramic elements mixed with fresh water containing a surface tension agent. Other abrasive elements may also be used, as long as the results remain within the agre
29、ed limits established in the calibration test, as described in 4.1.5. 4.1.3.2 Ceramic chips It is recommended that cylindrical abrasive elements, truncated at 45 at each end and consisting of agglomerated grains of corundum, be used, in accordance with the characteristics defined in Figure 1 and Tab
30、le 1. Dimensions in millimetres Figure 1 Details of ceramic chips BS ISO 23160:2011ISO 23160:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 3Table 1 Characteristics of ceramic chips Dimensions diameter 3 mm, length 12 mm Indicative density 2,56 g/cm3Hardness 900 HV 100 HV Indicative chips composition Al2O345
31、% SiO243 % C 10 % Na, Mg, K, Ca, Ti, Fe Abrasive mix (indicative proportions) 1 l after being run in chips 200 ml water 6 ml concentrated surface tension agent An example of ceramic chips is given in B.2.1. 4.1.3.3 Ceramic balls It is recommended that abrasive elements in the form of small balls, co
32、nsisting of agglomerated grains of corundum, be used, in accordance with the characteristics defined in Table 2. Table 2 Characteristics of ceramic balls Dimensions diameter 3 mm to 4 mm Indicative density 2,56 g/cm3Hardness 1 320 HV 25 HV Indicative balls composition Al2O340 % SiO250 % C 10 % Na, M
33、g, K, Ca, Ti, Fe Abrasive mix (indicative proportions) 1 kg ceramic balls 250 ml water 25 ml concentrated surface tension agent An example of ceramic balls is given in B.2.2. 4.1.4 Operating procedure The watch case and its wristlet shall be introduced into the receptacle containing the abrasive loa
34、d described in 4.1.3. They shall be examined after each cycle. For calibration, new calibration washers shall be subjected to one wear cycle and their loss of mass measured. The chips shall be run in for at least 50 h. The type of parts being tested determines the limit of durability of the chips. I
35、n all cases, the amount of wear should stay within the defined limits. BS ISO 23160:2011ISO 23160:2011(E) 4 ISO 2011 All rights reserved4.1.5 Calibration The duration of the test to simulate the wear of watch cases and wristlets after one years wear can be evaluated by observing the loss of mass of
36、a standard washer in accordance with the characteristics defined in Figure 2 and Table 3. Once this loss of mass has been established, the duration of one cycle of the accelerated wear test can be determined and observed. Loss of mass after one cycle should be 6 mg 2 mg, measured using a precision b
37、alance with a resolution of 0,1 mg. Dimensions in millimetres Figure 2 Details of a standard washer Table 3 Characteristics of a standard washer Material Stainless steel 1.4435 or 1.4404 Hardness max. 210 HV1 10 HV1 Roughness N5 (Ra 0,4 m) 4.1.6 Evaluation of results Evaluation of wear is done princ
38、ipally by visual inspection and by comparison with reference samples. See Annex A. Metallographic sections or other methods of determining the thickness of the samples or their coating(s) may be performed to assess the wear which has occurred. In addition, a corrosion test can be carried out to reve
39、al any possible exposure of the base material. The limit of wear resistance shall be defined by agreement between the contracting parties. 4.2 Wear test using continuous friction against a textile belt 4.2.1 Objective The aim of this test is to simulate mild wear resulting from friction against clot
40、hes, similar to actual watch wearing conditions. BS ISO 23160:2011ISO 23160:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 54.2.2 Description of test 4.2.2.1 General The test device drives a textile friction belt, applying pressure against a test sample in accordance with Figure 3. 4.2.2.2 Test conditions The
41、 test conditions shall be as follows: a) strain force of the textile belt: 50 N; b) speed of the textile belt: 0,5 m/s; c) penetration of the test sample: 15 mm; d) test duration: 3 h. 4.2.2.3 Test sample The textile belt test can be used to test wear resistance of case coatings, wristlets and other
42、 components. Before beginning the test, the adhesion force of the decorative coatings shall be checked, using the methods specified in ISO 2819 and ISO 27874. The test sample shall be correctly positioned, with parallel contact to the textile belt. Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 sample 2 textile be
43、lt 3 tension on wheel Figure 3 Device for wear test using a textile belt BS ISO 23160:2011ISO 23160:2011(E) 6 ISO 2011 All rights reserved4.2.3 Abrasive material The textile belt should have the characteristics shown in Table 4. Table 4 Characteristics of textile belt Material Terylene Width 30 mm T
44、hickness 1,83 mm Fabric fineness T62 4 tex/W62 2 tex 4.2.4 Operating procedure Prepare a sample with surface characteristics identical to the surfaces of the watch cases and accessories to be evaluated. (See Figure 4.) The height of the test sample should be adjusted so that the textile part at the
45、contact position can be shifted by 15 mm. The test sample and test device shall be prepared and cleaned in the same conditions as standard parts. The test sample shall be mounted firmly, with its surface parallel to the surface of the textile belt. The motor drives the belt in one single direction.
46、After one cycle, or by agreement between the contracting parties, the amount of wear of the test sample is examined. 4.2.5 Calibration The characteristics of the calibrating gauge should be in accordance with Figure 4 and Table 5. Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 wear surface 2 edge aDirection of mov
47、ement of textile belt. Figure 4 Calibrating gauge BS ISO 23160:2011ISO 23160:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 7Table 5 Characteristics of calibrating gauge Material Stainless steel 1.4435 or 1.4404 Hardness max. 210 HV1 10 HV1 Roughness N5 (Ra 0,4 m) The function of the calibrating gauge is to d
48、etermine the wear rate after one or several test cycles. The calibrating gauge should be positioned so that the circular part of the surface to be tested is against the direction of movement of the textile belt. The extent of wear on edge 2 can then be measured. Most changes in test results relating
49、 to mild wear are caused by dust. Clean the gauge surface before each test cycle. 4.2.6 Evaluation of results Evaluation of the results shall be made principally by visual observation and comparison. See Annex A. The wear resistance of test samples should be determined by comparison with the calibrating gauge, using the equation: 12qmq= where m is the multiple of wear resistance of stainless steel; q1is the amount of wear to the calibrating gauge
