1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 24338:2014Laminate floor coverings Determination of abrasionresistanceBS ISO 24338:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 24338:2014. Itsupersedes BS ISO 24338:2006 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its pre
2、paration was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PRI/60, Resilient and Laminate Floor Coverings.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible f
3、or its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 82926 0ICS 97.150Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and
4、Strategy Committee on 31 December 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 24338:2014 ISO 2014Laminate floor coverings Determination of abrasion resistanceRevtements de sol stratifis Dtermination de la rsistance lnullbrasionINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO24338Second edition2014-12-
5、15Reference numberISO 24338:2014(E)BS ISO 24338:2014ISO 24338:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mec
6、hanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01
7、11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 24338:2014ISO 24338:2014(E)Contents PageForeword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Apparatus . 13.1 Testing machine (for methods A and B) (see Figure 1) . 13.2 Grit feeder and accessories (only for metho
8、d B) . 43.3 Additional material or equipment (methods A and B) . 74 Test specimens 75 Procedure of method A 85.1 General . 85.2 Preparation of test specimens and abrasive papers . 85.3 Preparation of abrasive wheels 95.4 Determination of the abrasion rate of abrasive paper 95.5 Abrasion of test spec
9、imen . 95.6 Expression of results . 105.7 Test report 106 Procedure of method B .106.1 General 106.2 Maintenance of the abrading wheels 116.3 Operation of the abrader . 116.4 Calibration . 116.5 Abrasion of test specimen 126.6 Expression of results . 136.7 Test report 13Annex A (normative) Calibrati
10、on and maintenance of abrasion equipment 14Annex B (normative) Measurement of shore A hardness 18Bibliography .19 ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiBS ISO 24338:2014ISO 24338:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
11、(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, g
12、overnmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further main
13、tenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Att
14、ention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introducti
15、on and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to confor
16、mity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword Supplementary information .The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 219, Floor coverings.This second edition cancels and replaces t
17、he first edition (ISO 24338:2006) of which has been technically revised.iv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 24338:2014Laminate floor coverings Determination of abrasion resistance1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies two methods (A and B) for measuring abrasion of laminate floor covering el
18、ements. The tests described measure the ability of the surface layer to resist abrasive wear-through.Abrasion, according to method A, is achieved by rotating a test specimen in contact with a pair of loaded cylindrical wheels covered with specified abrasive paper. The resistance to wear, according t
19、o method B, is evaluated by abrading the face of test pieces with a specified abrasive applied by means of two loaded wheels. The number of revolutions of the test specimen required to cause a defined degree of abrasion is measured by both methods.NOTE The precision of the methods is not known. When
20、 inter-laboratory data become available, a precision statement will be added.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated re
21、ferences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD)ISO 868, Plastics and ebonite Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore h
22、ardness)ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials Brinell hardness test Part 1: Test methodISO 7267-2, Rubber-covered rollers Determination of apparent hardness Part 2: Shore-type durometer methodASTM D785, Standard Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials3 Apparatus3.1
23、 Testing machine (for methods A and B) (see Figure 1)3.1.1 Test specimen holder (for methods A and B)Disc-shaped holder with a diameter of approximately 105 mm (item 7 in Figure 1), which rotates in a horizontal plane with a permitted deviation of 2 mm/m at a frequency of (60 2) rotations per minute
24、 and to which the test specimen (item 6 in Figure 1) can be clamped with a clamping screw (item 5 in Figure 1).3.1.2 Holding and lifting device (for methods A and B)Holding and lifting device for the abrasive wheels, so constructed that each wheel exerts a force of (5,4 0,2) N (Method A) or (10 0,2)
25、 N (Method B) on the test specimen.For Method B, a counterweight of (150 3) g is required to counterbalance the mass of the leather abrading wheel (see 3.2.3). A second pair of leather abrading wheels may be used for this purpose.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 24338:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved
26、1BS ISO 24338:2014ISO 24338:2014(E)The calibration and maintenance of the Taber abrader arms should be carried out according to Annex A.3.1.3 Rubber covered abrasive wheels (for method A)Two cylindrical rubber-covered wheels of (12,7 0,1) mm width and 50 mm diameter, which rotate freely about an axi
27、s (item 3 in Figure 1). The curved surface of the wheels, to a depth of 6 mm, shall be made of rubber (item 2) with a hardness of (65 3) IRHD (according to ISO 48) or (65 3) Shore A (according to ISO 7267-2). A description of the measurement and of a suitable measurement setup is shown in Annex B.Th
28、e inside faces of the wheels shall be (52,5 0,2) mm, apart and equally spaced (26,25 0,10) mm) from the centre-line of the abrader head. The axis of the wheels shall be (19,05 0,3) mm from the vertical axis of the test specimen holder.3.1.4 Abrasive paper strips (for method A)Abrasive strips of (12,
29、7 0,1) mm wide in the machine direction and approximately 160 mm long shall be used (item 1 in Figure 1).1)They shall meet the following requirements: weight: 70 g/m2to 100 g/m2; open coated 180 grit aluminium oxide (Al2O3), with a particle size that will pass through a 100 m aperture sieve and be r
30、etained by a 63 m aperture sieve; glue bonded; adhesive backing.3.1.5 Calibration plates (for method A)Rolled zinc sheet, with a thickness of (0,8 0,1) mm and a Brinell hardness of (48 2) (according to ISO 6506-1, with a ball diameter of 5 mm and a load of 360 N), shall be used.2)For type approval o
31、r verification purposes, the zinc plate shall not be used for more than 10 calibrations per side.3.1.6 Suction device (for method A)Two suction nozzles (item 4 in Figure 1) shall be so fitted that they cover the abraded area of the test specimen. One nozzle shall be situated between the wheels, the
32、other diametrically opposite. The centres of the nozzles shall be 77 mm apart and (2 0,5) mm from the surface of the test specimen. When the nozzles are closed, there shall be a vacuum of 1,5 kPa to 1,6 kPa.NOTE 1 It is important to ensure that the abrasive wheels are in good condition, as variation
33、s in flatness, hardness, regularity, roundness, and width can significantly affect the test result.NOTE 2 It is important that the dimensions and tolerances in 3.1.6 and in Figure 1 are met as deviations can lead to errors exceeding 100 %. See Annex B for more information.3.1.7 Revolution-counter (f
34、or methods A and B)A revolution counter is used to record the number of revolutions of the specimen holder.1) The abrasive paper strips “S42”, made by TABER Industries, are an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of this Interna
35、tional Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.2) Taber S-34 made by TABER Industries 455 Bryant Street, North Tonawanda, New York 14120 USA is an example of a suitable equipment availabl
36、e commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of this International Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 24338:2014ISO 243
37、38:2014(E)Dimensions in millimetresKey1 abrasive paper2 rubber3 abrasive wheel4 suction nozzle5 clamping screw6 specimen7 specimen holder discFigure 1 Abrasion resistance testing machine ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 24338:2014ISO 24338:2014(E)3.2 Grit feeder and accessories (only for method
38、B)The grit feeder shall have a minimum storage capacity of about 200 g of grit and it shall be possible to open the feeder at its top and at its bottom. The bottom opening shall be positioned (10 1) mm above the face of the test piece and have a length of (16 1) mm and a width of (3,18 0,38 mm). The
39、 length of the bottom opening shall be installed radially to the test specimen holder. A device in the grit feeder shall ensure a regular flow. The feeder shall also be equipped with a device that ensures an immediate stop of the feeding when required (see Figure 2 and Figure 3).3.2.1 Vacuum cleanin
40、g device3)A suction nozzle, positioned (3 2) mm above the track to be abraded, shall be installed in the axial vertical plane on the left wheel after the abrasive grit passes under the wheel (relative to the rotation direction, see Figure 3). The vacuum power shall be set at a level that removes all
41、 dust and debris.Figure 2 Example of a Taber Abrader with Grit Feeder3) Equipment of this type, Taber Abrader and Taber Grit Feeder, are made by TABER Industries, 455 Bryant Street, North Tonawanda, New York 14120 USA. This information is given for the convenience of users of this International Stan
42、dard and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.4 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 24338:2014ISO 24338:2014(E)Dimensions in millimetresKey1 grit nozzle 7 abrader arm2 suction nozzle 8 wearing surface3 test piece 9 counterweight4 specimen holder 10 direction of rotation5 testing
43、weight 11 clamping screw6 abrading wheel 12 nutFigure 3 Drawing of an abrader with grit feeder ISO 2014 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 24338:2014ISO 24338:2014(E)3.2.2 Abrading materialAbrasive grain (bauxite based, electric arc furnaced aluminium oxide) with a chemical composition according to Table 1
44、 shall be used.4)The abrasive mineral has a specific mass of 3,96 g/cm3and a Knoop hardness of 21 kN/mm2. The medium grain shape of the mineral has a bulk density in the range of 1,51 g/cm3to 1,62 g/cm3according to FEPA standard 44-D. Particle size distribution ranges between 45 and 75 m with a redu
45、ced fines portion according to Table 2 determined according to FEPA standard 42-D.Table 1 Chemical compositionType of oxide Al2O3Fe2O3SiO2TiO2CaO ZrO2MgOMass-% 95 325Grading in m 90 75 53 45Grain distribution in % 0 0 to 5 45 80 0 to 10The abrading material shall be stored in a dry place and shall b
46、e used only once. It shall not be sieved before use.3.2.3 Leather abrading wheels5)Two cylindrical wheels, which turn freely around their axis, with a nominal diameter of 44,4 mm and a width of 12,7 mm. They are fitted with a leather strip of (12,7 0,1) mm wide and with a minimum thickness of 1,5 mm
47、. The overall diameter of the wheels, with leather strips, shall not exceed 52 mm or be less than 46 mm.The hardness of the leather strips shall be suitable for the purpose. It is measured according to ISO 868 with a Shore-hardness meter of Type A with the following deviation: the Shore-A hardness i
48、s measured at four points in the middle of the tire tread of the abrading wheels (deviation from ISO 868, 5.1, 5.2, and 8.1).The hardness of the leather is suitable if all the results are contained within the range A/1:85 to A/1:95.The distance between the internal faces of the wheels shall be (52,5
49、 0,2) mm, their common axis being set, by (19,05 0,3) mm nominally, off the axis of the specimen holder. The axis of rotation of the test piece shall be equidistant from the two wheels.Prior to testing, new abrading wheels shall be preconditioned: Subject new wheels to an initial 2 000 cycle test following the procedure described in 6.2.3.2.4 StopwatchA stopwatch accurate to 0,1 s.4) The abrading material “ALODUR ESK 240 (EN 14354)”, made by Treibacher Schleifmittel, P
