1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 26824:2013Particle characterizationof particulate systems VocabularyBS ISO 26824:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 26824:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee LBI/37,
2、Particle characterization including sieving.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards
3、 Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 59624 7ICS 01.040.19; 19.120Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2013.Am
4、endments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 26824:2013 ISO 2013Particle characterization of particulate systems VocabularyCaractrisation des particules dans les systmes particulaires VocabulaireINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO26824First edition2013-07-15Reference numberISO 26824:2013(E)BS ISO
5、 26824:2013ISO 26824:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posti
6、ng on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightis
7、o.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 26824:2013ISO 26824:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction vScope 11 General terms, representation of particle size and classification analysis . 12 Sedimentation analysis 53 Pore size distribution, porosity and
8、 surface area analysis 64 Representation of particle shape analysis 115 Electrical sensing methods .136 Laser diffraction methods .147 Dynamic light scattering .178 Image analysis methods .189 Single particle light interaction methods 2110 Small angle X-Ray scattering method .2211 Sample preparation
9、 and reference materials .2312 Electrical mobility and number concentration analysis for aerosol particles .2413 Electrical charge conditioning 2714 Acoustic methods 2815 Focused beam methods 3116 Characterization of particle dispersion in liquids .3117 Methods for zeta potential determination .3317
10、.2 Electrokinetic phenomena . 3517.3 Electroacoustic phenomena . 36Annex A (informative) Alphabetical index 39Bibliography .49BS ISO 26824:2013ISO 26824:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies).
11、 The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-
12、governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are describe
13、d in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directivesAttention is drawn to the poss
14、ibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list o
15、f patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patentsAny trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as inform
16、ation about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: http:/www.iso.org/iso/home/standards_development/resources-for-technical-work/foreword.htmThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 24, Particle characterization including sie
17、ving, Subcommittee SC 4, Particle characterization.iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 26824:2013ISO 26824:2013(E)IntroductionSince 1995, some 20 International Standards have been published by ISO/TC 24/SC 4, and at the time of publication of this International Standard, about 12 projects were und
18、er development, not to mention revisions of existing standards. Therefore it was not before time that terms defined in standards that were relevant for others be collected and adjusted into a single, uniform vocabulary.In particular, the interdisciplinary application fields of particle and particula
19、te systems characterization from mining and construction, the pharmaceutical and food industries, medicine and life sciences, the chemical industry, microelectronics and nanotechnology need clear and unambiguous terminology. The development of international trade, not only in measurement devices for
20、 particle characterization, but also of process equipment for the production and treatment of particulate systems, underlines the need for comparability of quality and performance parameters, as well as in international health, safety and environmental protection regulations.The structuring and pres
21、entation rules applied to the terminological entries, based on a clause structure, represents the methods of results presentation and the analysis methods, and starts with general terms in each clause. ISO 2013 All rights reserved vBS ISO 26824:2013BS ISO 26824:2013Particle characterization of parti
22、culate systems VocabularyScopeThis International Standard establishes a vocabulary of terms and definitions relevant to the particle characterization of particulate systems. It covers such fields as the representation of results of particle size analysis, the descriptive and quantitative representat
23、ion of particle shape and morphology, sample preparation, specific surface area and porosity characterization and measurement methods including sedimentation, classification, acoustic methods, laser diffraction, dynamic light scattering, single particle light interaction methods, differential electr
24、ical mobility analysis and image analysis, in a size scale from nanometre to millimetre.1 General terms, representation of particle size and classification analysis1.1particleminute piece of matter with defined physical boundariesNote 1 to entry: A physical boundary can also be described as an inter
25、face.Note 2 to entry: A particle can move as a unit.Note 3 to entry: This general particle definition applies to nano-objects.SOURCE: ISO 14644-6:2007, 2.102, modified The subject field “” has been removed and the notes added.1.2agglomeratecollection of weakly or medium strongly bound particles wher
26、e the resulting external surface area is similar to the sum of the surface areas of the individual componentsNote 1 to entry: The forces holding an agglomerate together are weak forces, for example van der Waals forces or simple physical entanglement.Note 2 to entry: Agglomerates are also termed sec
27、ondary particles and the original source particles are termed primary particles.SOURCE: ISO/TS 27687:2008, 3.2, modified.1.3aggregateparticle comprising strongly bonded or fused particles where the resulting external surface area is significantly smaller than the sum of surface areas of the individu
28、al componentsNote 1 to entry: The forces holding an aggregate together are strong forces, for example covalent bonds, or those resulting from sintering or complex physical entanglement, or otherwise combined former primary particles.Note 2 to entry: Aggregates are also termed secondary particles and
29、 the original source particles are termed primary particles.SOURCE: ISO/TS 27687:2008, 3.3, modified.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 26824:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 26824:2013ISO 26824:2013(E)1.4primary particleoriginal source particle of agglomerates or aggregates or mixtures of the t
30、woNote 1 to entry: Constituent particles of agglomerates or aggregates at a certain actual state may be primary particles, but often the constituents are aggregates.Note 2 to entry: Agglomerates and aggregates are also termed secondary particles.1.5particle sizexdlinear dimension of a particle deter
31、mined by a specified measurement method and under specified measurement conditionsNote 1 to entry: Different methods of analysis are based on the measurement of different physical properties. Independent of the particle property actually measured, the particle size is reported as a linear dimension,
32、 e.g. as the equivalent spherical diameter.Note 2 to entry: Examples of size descriptors are those based at the opening of a sieve or a statistical diameter, e.g. the Feret diameter, measured by image analysis.Note 3 to entry: In ISO 9276-1:1998, the symbol x is used to denote the particle size. How
33、ever, it is recognized that the symbol d is also widely used to designate these values. Therefore the symbol x may be replaced by d.SOURCE: ISO 9276-1:1998, 4.2, modified.1.6equivalent spherical diameterxddiameter of a sphere having the same physical properties as the particle in the measurementNote
34、 1 to entry: Physical properties are for instance the same settling velocity or electrolyte solution displacing volume or projection area under a microscope.Note 2 to entry: The physical property to which the equivalent diameter refers shall be indicated using a suitable subscript, for example xSfor
35、 equivalent surface area diameter or xVfor equivalent volume diameter.SOURCE: ISO 9276-1:1998, 4.2, modified.1.7type of quantityrspecification of the quantity of a distribution, a cumulative or a density measureNote 1 to entry: The type is indicated by the general subscript, r, or by the appropriate
36、 value of r as follows: number: r = 0 length: r = 1 area: r = 2 volume or mass: r = 3SOURCE: ISO 9276-1:1998, 4.3, modified.2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 26824:2013ISO 26824:2013(E)1.8cumulative distributionQr(x)distribution of the fraction of material smaller (undersize) than given particle
37、sizesNote 1 to entry: If the cumulative distribution, Qr(x), is calculated from histogram data, only individual points Qr,i= Qr(xi) are obtained. Each individual point of the distribution, Qr(xi), defines the relative amount of particles smaller than or equal to xi. The continuous curve is calculate
38、d by suitable interpolation algorithms. The normalized cumulative distribution extends between 0 and 1, i.e. 0 and 100 %.QQqx vinivviv vvir, r, r,with 1= 11 wherei (subscript) number of the size class with upper limit xi (integer, see subscript i)n total number of size classesQr,relative amount of p
39、articles in size class with upper limit xNote 2 to entry: When plotted on a graph paper with a logarithmic abscissa the cumulative values, Qr,i, i.e. the ordinates of a cumulative distribution, do not change. However, the course of the cumulative distribution curve changes but the relative amounts s
40、maller than a certain particle size remain the same. Therefore, the following formula holds:Qx QxrrIn ()= () Note 3 to entry: The cumulative oversize distribution is given by 1 Qr(x).SOURCE: ISO 9276-1:1998, 5.2, modified.1.9distribution densityqr(x)distribution of the fraction of material in a size
41、 class, divided by the width of that classNote 1 to entry: Under the presupposition that the cumulative distribution, Qr(x), is differentiable, the continuous distribution density, qr(x), is obtained fromqxdQ xdxrr()()= Conversely, the cumulative distribution, Qr(x), is obtained from the distributio
42、n density, qr(x), by integration:Qx qxdxxxri ri() ()min=Note 2 to entry: Differential distribution is also named in statistics “density of a probability or frequency”.Note 3 to entry: The term “density distribution” can be misunderstood in the context of sedimentation methods with different material
43、s and will be not used in standards developed by ISO/TC24/SC 4.SOURCE: ISO 9276-1:1998, 5.3, modified Notes 2 and 3 have been added. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 26824:2013ISO 26824:2013(E)1.10distribution density on a logarithmic abscissaqxr*()distribution density, transformed for a logarit
44、hmic abscissaNote 1 to entry: The density values of a histogram, qqxx*,r,irii= ()1shall be recalculated using the following formula which indicates that the corresponding areas underneath the distribution density curve remain constant. In particular, the total area is equal to 1 or 100 %, independen
45、t of any transformation of the abscissa.qqxxxri iir i1 ii=(,)(,)1 where is any function of x.Thus the following transformation shall be carried out to obtain the distribution density with a logarithmic abscissa:qx qxri r,ii=() or qx xqx xxxxqxxxri1iri1i iii1r,iiiiIn InIn In In*(,)(,)(=1r,iii1In)( )=
46、QxxNote 2 to entry: This formula also holds if the natural logarithm is replaced by the logarithm to base 10.SOURCE: ISO 9276-1:1998, 6.2, modified.1.11histogramqxr()normalized histogram, qxr(), of a distribution density (1.9), qr(x), comprising a successive series of rectangular columns, the area o
47、f each of which represents the relative quantity Qr,i(x), where QQxxqx xxr,iriir i1 i,=(,)( )1or qqxxQx xxQxr,i r i1 iri1iir,ii= =(,)(,)Note 1 to entry: The sum of all the relative quantities, Qr,lforms the area beneath the histogram qr(x), normalized to 100 % or 1 (condition of normalization). Ther
48、efore, the following formula holds:Qqxininr,i r,i i=111 100% SOURCE: ISO 9276-1:1998, 5.1, modified.1.12concentration distribution densitydistribution of the concentration of material in a size class, divided by the width of that classNote 1 to entry: In aerosol measurement, e. g. the distribution d
49、ensity of the particle number concentration, is represented as a function of the particle size.Note 2 to entry: The concentration distribution density can be calculated from the distribution density function of the particle size by multiplication with the overall sizes measured concentration.1.13analytical cut sizexacut size with the coarse and the fine material containing equal quantities of misplaced materialNote 1 to entry: Since the relative mass of the f
