1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 27026:2011Space systems Programmemanagement Breakdown ofproject management structuresIncorporating corrigendum September 2015BS ISO 27026:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 27026:2011. The UK participation in it
2、s preparation was entrusted by TechnicalCommittee ACE/68, Space systems and operations, to SubcommitteeA list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users a
3、re responsible for its correct application.ISBN 978 0 580 91515 4 ICS 49.140 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2011.Amendments/corrigenda
4、issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e d30 September 2015 Implementation of ISO corrected text 1 May2011: Annexes A, B, C, D and E corrected The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ACE/68/-/5, Space systems and operations - Programme management. Refe
5、rence numberISO 27026:2011(E)ISO 2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO27026First edition2011-02-15Corrected version2011-05-01Space systems Programme management Breakdown of project management structures Systmes spatiaux Management de programme lments de structures de gestion de projet ISO 27026:2011(E) PDF
6、 disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, par
7、ties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative
8、 to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT
9、 PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2011 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or I
10、SOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 27026:2011ISO 27026:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights
11、reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introductionvi 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms1 3.1 Terms and definitions .1 3.2 Abbreviated terms .2 4 Overview of project breakdown structures 2 4.1 General .2 4.2 Relationship of project breakdown structures.2 4.3 P
12、urpose of project breakdown structures3 4.4 Tailoring4 5 Processes and requirements of project breakdown structures.4 5.1 General .4 5.2 Specification tree.4 5.3 Function tree5 5.4 Product tree .5 5.5 Work breakdown structure.6 5.6 Cost breakdown structure6 5.7 Business agreement breakdown structure
13、.7 5.8 Organizational breakdown structure.7 Annex A (informative) Specification tree8 Annex B (informative) Function tree .9 Annex C (informative) Product tree.10 Annex D (informative) Work breakdown structure 11 Annex E (informative) Cost breakdown structure .12 BS ISO 27026:2011ISO 27026:2011(E) i
14、v ISO 2011 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interes
15、ted in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical C
16、ommission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the tech
17、nical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO
18、shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 27026 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee SC 14, Space systems and operations. This corrected version of ISO 27026:2011 incorporates the following corrections plus ot
19、her minor editorial modifications. Annex A: Figure A.1 has replaced Figure C.1. In new Figure C.1: PL component: PL.1.1.1.1 PL component: PL.1.1.1.1 has been changed to: PL component: PL.1.1.1.1 PL component: PL.1.1.1.2 and PA component: PA.1.1.1.1 PA component: PA.1.1.1.1 has been changed to PA com
20、ponent: PA.1.1.1.1 PA component: PA.1.1.1.2 In the Note, “specification” has been changed to “product”. Annex B: Figure B.1 has replaced Figure A.1. BS ISO 27026:2011ISO 27026:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved vIn the new Figure A.1, “function” has been changed to “specification”. Annex C: Figure
21、 C.1 has replaced Figure B.1. In the new Figure B.1, “PA subfunction” on the left side has been changed to “PL subfunction” and “PA sub-subfunction” has been changed to “PL sub-subfunction”. In the Note, “product” has been changed to “function”. Annex D: PL component WBS item: PL.1.1.1.1 PL componen
22、t WBS item: PL.1.1.1.1 has been changed to: PL component WBS item: PL.1.1.1.1 PL component WBS item: PL.1.1.1.2 and PA component WBS item: PA.1.1.1.1 PA component WBS item: PA.1.1.1.1 has been changed to: PA component WBS item: PA.1.1.1.1 PA component WBS item: PA.1.1.1.2 Annex E: PL component CBS i
23、tem: PL.1.1.1.1 PL component CBS item: PL.1.1.1.1 has been changed to: PL component CBS item: PL.1.1.1.1 PL component CBS item: PL.1.1.1.2 and PA component CBS item: PA.1.1.1.1 PA component CBS item: PA.1.1.1.1 has been changed to: PA component CBS item: PA.1.1.1.1 PA component CBS item: PA.1.1.1.2
24、BS ISO 27026:2011ISO 27026:2011(E) vi ISO 2011 All rights reservedIntroduction Space programmes, and the space systems developed by them, are complex, incorporate many different technologies, and can last for many years progressing through several different stages from conception to disposal or othe
25、r disposition. When a space programme advances from one stage to another, substantial changes in the breakdown of project management structures, hereinafter collectively called project breakdown structures, of the programme and the type and amount of resources required can occur; a programme is ofte
26、n composed of one or more projects. In addition, there can be attendant risks to either the success of the project or to the well-being of project equipment or to personnel. Well-regulated project breakdown structures can be an important factor in ensuring that all factors are ready for these change
27、s through controlled changes to the project breakdown structures that form a framework for the project in each of the several different stages, and assist in ensuring that the risks are well understood and accepted. Use of this International Standard as a basis for the framework of activities compri
28、sing the project, the necessary resources, controls, inputs, outputs, and results is intended to enhance communications between different organizations that participate in a project, and can assist in reducing costs and schedule of performing the project in each stage. BS ISO 27026:2011INTERNATIONAL
29、 STANDARD ISO 27026:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 1Space systems Programme management Breakdown of project management structures 1 Scope This International Standard specifies processes, requirements and recommendations for the breakdown of project management structures, collectively called pr
30、oject breakdown structures, in terms of the various specification (i.e. requirements), functional, product, work, cost, business and organizational breakdown structures that are established and implemented to contribute to the success of a space programme, which is often composed of one or more proj
31、ects. It is intended to complement and supplement similar project breakdown structure processes, requirements and recommendations contained within ISO 14300-1, which serves as a higher tier International Standard for this International Standard and for such other space systems and operations Interna
32、tional Standards that require formal project breakdown structures. This International Standard specifies the various types of project breakdown structures and gives processes, requirements and guidance concerning the composition of these breakdown structures. This International Standard is applicabl
33、e to project breakdown structures for a project, including at the top level of a programme, i.e. level 0, as indicated in ISO 14300-1. It is intended to be used either by an independent developer as a partial basis for programme processes or as a basis for an agreement between a supplier and a custo
34、mer. This International Standard also provides descriptions of the kinds of project breakdown structures that are commonly useful in contributing to the success of a space project. Other project breakdown structures not described in this International Standard also often contribute to the success of
35、 a space project. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 1430
36、0-1, Space systems Programme management Part 1: Structuring of a project ISO 9000, Quality management systems Fundamentals and vocabulary 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 9000 and the follow
37、ing apply. 3.1.1 breakdown structure framework for efficiently controlling some aspect of the activities of a programme or project BS ISO 27026:2011ISO 27026:2011(E) 2 ISO 2011 All rights reserved3.1.2 programme strategic set of coordinated and controlled activities that has a defined architecture a
38、nd/or technical approach, requirements, funding level and a management organization that often initiates and directs one or more projects 3.1.3 project portion of a programme consisting of a set of coordinated and controlled activities, undertaken to achieve an objective(s) of the programme conformi
39、ng to specific programme requirements, including constraints of time, cost and other resources 3.2 Abbreviated terms The following abbreviated terms apply. Abbreviated term Meaning CBS Cost breakdown structure OBS Organizational breakdown structure WBS Work breakdown structure WP Work package 4 Over
40、view of project breakdown structures 4.1 General 4.1.1 There are generally several types of project breakdown structures that are generated to provide a framework for efficiently controlling the programme, or its projects, and producing the product agreed to between the customer and the supplier. Ge
41、nerally, the project breakdown structures have the organizational framework of a tree. 4.1.2 A project breakdown structures tree as used in this International Standard is an arrangement of related items or elements characterized by having a top level node, or summit, that is broken down into lower l
42、evel elements or nodes until the lowest level elements are determined; the lowest level is usually based upon some degree of reasonableness or of diminishing returns of further breakdown. A tree is generally constructed for project breakdown structures because the lower level elements are more easil
43、y managed. In a project breakdown structures tree, a hierarchical relationship exists between elements at the same level of breakdown to the next higher related node element above; in addition, elements at the same level of breakdown often have interfaces with other items at the same level. 4.1.3 Th
44、e project breakdown structures described in this clause and in Clause 5 are expressed in terms of a business agreement or contract between a supplier and a customer, where the project breakdown structures would be based upon the suppliers workshare. However, the same principles, processes and requir
45、ements for project breakdown structures can be used by an independent developer, in which case the project breakdown structures would be for the complete system product that might be developed entirely by the independent developer, or by the independent developer and subcontracted suppliers. 4.2 Rel
46、ationship of project breakdown structures 4.2.1 In the context of ISO 14300-1, the various project breakdown structures within a programme or project originate with the level 0 customers set of requirements. Based upon the business agreement and from the customers requirements, a level 1 supplier de
47、velops a set of specifications, each containing requirements, that satisfies the level 0 customers requirements. The specifications are organized in a hierarchical BS ISO 27026:2011ISO 27026:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 3specification tree, with lower level specifications containing requirem
48、ents that flow down from higher level specifications. 4.2.2 From the requirements contained in the specification tree, a function tree shall be generally generated. The functions determine what shall be performed by the level 1 suppliers workshare portion of the system, which could be the complete s
49、ystem; the functional requirements in the specification tree specify how well the requirements shall be performed. The specification and functional trees shall be used to generate the design elements of the system product, which is arranged as a product tree. The development of the specification, and hence requirements, tree, is an iterative process with the development of the function tree and the product tree to develop lower levels of each of the trees. Depending upon the situation, the requirements within the specifica
