1、BS ISO27447:2009ICS 81.060.30NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDFine ceramics(advanced ceramics,advanced technicalceramics) Test method forantibacterial activityof semiconductingphotocatalyticmaterialsThis British Standardwas published under theauth
2、ority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 30 June2009. BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 53006 7Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS ISO 27447:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 27447:2009.The UK participation in its preparation was e
3、ntrusted to TechnicalCommittee RPI/13, Advanced technical ceramics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct applicatio
4、n.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS ISO 27447:2009Reference numberISO 27447:2009(E)ISO 2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO27447First edition2009-06-01Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) Test method for antibacterial activity of s
5、emiconducting photocatalytic materials Cramiques techniques Mthode dessai de lactivit antibactrienne des matriaux photocatalytiques semiconducteurs BS ISO 27447:2009ISO 27447:2009(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file ma
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10、22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2009 All rights reservedBS ISO 27447:2009ISO 27447:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .1
11、4 Symbols2 5 Principle3 6 Materials .4 6.1 Bacteria used and preparation for tests .4 6.2 Chemicals and implements 5 7 Apparatus .6 7.1 Adhesive film .6 7.2 Adhesive glass.6 7.3 Moisture preservation glass.6 7.4 Glass tube or glass rod.7 7.5 Black light fluorescent lamp.7 7.6 Ultraviolet light radia
12、tion meter .7 7.7 Punched metal sheet.7 8 Test piece .8 8.1 Film adhesion method 8 8.2 Glass adhesion method 8 9 Procedure .9 9.1 Film adhesion method 10 9.2 Glass adhesion method 11 9.3 UV irradiation condition12 9.4 Measurement of number of living bacteria .12 10 Calculation .13 10.1 Film adhesion
13、 method 13 10.2 Glass adhesion method 14 11 Test report16 Annex A (informative) Examples of test results 17 Annex B (informative) Reference data for adhesive films and adhesive glasses 19 Annex C (informative) Reference data for damage of ultraviolet irradiation to bacteria.21 Bibliography23 BS ISO
14、27447:2009ISO 27447:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committ
15、ees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Int
16、ernational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
17、Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the s
18、ubject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 27447 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics. BS ISO 27447:2009ISO 27447:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved vIntroduction As a result of continuing efforts to provid
19、e test methods for photocatalytic materials, this International Standard was developed for antibacterial activity. However, for test pieces with permeable or rough surfaces, etc., the antibacterial activity cannot be measured, so other test methods are required. Under the irradiation of photons, pho
20、tocatalysts show diverse functions, such as the decomposition of air and water contaminants, as well as deodorization, self-cleaning, antifogging and antibacterial actions. These functions of photocatalysts are generally based on the action of active oxygen species such as hydroxyl (OH) radicals for
21、med on the surface of the photocatalyst (References 10 and 11 in the Bibliography). The energy- and labour-saving nature of photocatalysis has attracted keen interest when the photocatalyst is activated by sunlight (or artificial lighting). Practical applications of photocatalysts, for both indoor a
22、nd outdoor use, have rapidly expanded in recent years. Many kinds of photocatalytic materials have been proposed or are already commercialized, based on ceramics, glass, concrete, plastics, paper, etc. Such materials are produced by either the coating or mixing of a photocatalyst; in most cases, tit
23、anium dioxide (TiO2). However, the effect of photocatalysis is not easily inspected visually, and no appropriate and official evaluation methods have been available to date. Some confusion has thus arisen as photocatalytic materials have been introduced. Furthermore, the above-mentioned diverse func
24、tions of photocatalysts cannot be evaluated with a single method; thus, it is required to provide different evaluation methods for air purification, water decontamination and self-cleaning. This International Standard applies to testing the antibacterial activity of photocatalytic ceramics and other
25、 materials produced by either the coating or mixing of a photocatalyst. Standards for testing the antifungal activity that use photocatalytic materials will be developed separately. BS ISO 27447:2009BS ISO 27447:2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 27447:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1Fine ceramics
26、 (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) Test method for antibacterial activity of semiconducting photocatalytic materials WARNING Handling and manipulation of microorganisms that are potentially hazardous requires a high degree of technical competence. Only personnel trained in microbiolog
27、ical techniques should carry out tests. 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a test method for the determination of the antibacterial activity of materials that contain a photocatalyst or have photocatalytic films on the surface, by measuring the enumeration of bacteria under irradiation of
28、 ultraviolet light. This International Standard is intended for use with different kinds of semiconducting photocatalytic materials used in construction materials, in flat sheet, board, plate shape or textiles that are the basic forms of materials for various applications. It does not include powder
29、, granular or porous photocatalytic materials. This test method is usually applicable to photocatalytic materials produced for an antibacterial effect. Other types of performance of photocatalytic materials, i.e. decomposition of water contaminants, self-cleaning, antifogging and air purification, a
30、re not determined by this method. The values expressed in this International Standard are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the editio
31、n cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 31-0, Quantities and units Part 0: General principles 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 photocatalyst
32、 substance that carries out many functions based on oxidization and reduction reactions under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, including decomposition and removal of air and water contaminants, deodorization, and antibacterial, self-cleaning and antifogging actions 3.2 photocatalytic materials material
33、s in which, or on which, the photocatalyst is added by coating, impregnation, mixing, etc. NOTE Photocatalytic materials are to be used for building and road construction materials to obtain the functions mentioned in 3.1. BS ISO 27447:2009ISO 27447:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reserved3.3 antibact
34、erial condition inhibiting the growth of bacteria on the surface of flat surface materials or cloths 3.4 photocatalyst antibacterial activity value for film adhesion method difference between the total number of viable bacteria of photocatalytic treated flat surface materials and non-treated materia
35、ls after UV irradiation NOTE This value includes the decrease of the number of bacteria without UV irradiation. 3.5 photocatalyst antibacterial activity value for glass adhesion method difference between the total number of viable bacteria of photocatalytic treated cloths and standard cloths after U
36、V irradiation NOTE This value includes the decrease of the number of bacteria without UV irradiation. 3.6 photocatalyst antibacterial activity value with UV irradiation for film adhesion method difference between the total number of viable bacteria of photocatalytic treated flat surface materials af
37、ter UV irradiation and photocatalytic treated flat surface materials in a dark place 3.7 photocatalyst antibacterial activity value with UV irradiation for glass adhesion method difference between the total number of viable bacteria of photocatalytic treated cloths after UV irradiation and photocata
38、lytic treated cloths in a dark place 3.8 film adhesion method test method to evaluate the antibacterial performance of photocatalytic flat surface materials 3.9 glass adhesion method test method to evaluate the antibacterial performance of photocatalytic cloths 3.10 fluorescent UV lamp lamp that pro
39、vides UV-A irradiation within a wavelength range of 300 nm to 400 nm NOTE A suitable lamp is the so-called black light blue (BLB) fluorescent lamp, with a maximum at 351 nm, as described in ISO 4892-3. 4 Symbols A average number of viable bacteria of non-treated specimens, just after inoculation BDa
40、verage number of viable bacteria of non-treated specimens, after being kept in a dark place BLaverage number of viable bacteria of non-treated specimens, after UV irradiation of intensity L CDaverage number of viable bacteria of photocatalytic treated specimens, after being kept in a dark place CLav
41、erage number of viable bacteria of photocatalytic treated specimens, after UV irradiation of intensity L FBDgrowth value, after being kept in a dark place FBLgrowth value, after UV irradiation of intensity L BS ISO 27447:2009ISO 27447:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 3L UV irradiation intensity
42、Lmaxmaximum logarithmic value of viable bacteria Lmeanaverage logarithmic value of viable bacteria for 3 specimens Lminminimum logarithmic value of viable bacteria M number of viable bacteria with glass adhesion method MBAaverage logarithmic value of the number of viable bacteria for 3 non-treated s
43、pecimens, just after inoculation MBDaverage logarithmic value of the number of viable bacteria for 3 non-treated specimens, after being kept in a dark place MBLaverage logarithmic value of the number of viable bacteria for 3 non-treated specimens, after UV irradiation of intensity L MDaverage logari
44、thmic value of the number of viable bacteria for 3 photocatalytic treated specimens, after being kept in a dark place MLaverage logarithmic value of the number of viable bacteria for 3 photocatalytic treated specimens, after UV irradiation of intensity L N number of viable bacteria with film adhesio
45、n method P bacteria concentration R dilution factor RLphotocatalyst antibacterial activity value, after irradiation at a constant intensity (L) on a photocatalytic material R photocatalyst antibacterial activity value with UV irradiation SLphotocatalyst antibacterial activity value, after UV irradia
46、tion of intensity L S photocatalyst antibacterial activity value with UV irradiation V volume of soybean casein digest broth with lecithin and polysorbate 80 medium for washout Z average number of colonies in 2 Petri dishes 5 Principle This International Standard is for the development, comparison,
47、quality assurance, characterization, reliability, and design data generation of photocatalytic materials. The method is used to obtain the antibacterial activity of photocatalytic materials by the contact of a specimen with bacteria, under UV light irradiation. The film adhesion method is available
48、for flat sheet, board or plate-shaped materials. To avoid warpage in the cloths or textiles, the glass adhesion method is available for cloths or textiles. The specimen is laid in a Petri dish and the bacterial suspension is dripped onto the specimen. Then the adhesive film or glass is placed on the
49、 suspension and the moisture conservation glass is placed on top of the Petri dish. The Petri dish containing the specimen is exposed to light. After exposure, the test bacteria are washed out of the specimen and the adhesive film or glass. This washout suspension is measured by the viable bacterial count method. BS ISO 27447:2009ISO 27447:2009(E) 4 ISO 2009 All rights reserved6 Materials 6.1 Bacteria used and preparation for tests 6.1.1 Film adhesion method a) Staphylococcus aureus b) Escherichia coli 6.1.2 Glass adhesion metho
