1、BS ISO 29945:2016Refrigerated non-petroleumbased liquefied gaseous fuels Dimethylether (DME) Method of manual samplingonshore terminalsBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 29945:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK i
2、mplementation of ISO 29945:2016. It supersedes BS ISO 29945:2009 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/12, Petroleum Measurement and Sampling.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretar
3、y.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 91064 7 ICS 75.180.30 Compliance with a British Standard cannot c
4、onfer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 29945:2016 ISO 2016Refrigerated non-petroleum based liquef
5、ied gaseous fuels Dimethylether (DME) Method of manual sampling onshore terminalsCombustibles gazeux non ptroliers liqufis rfrigrs Dimthylther (DME) Mthode dchantillonnage manuel sur des terminaux terreINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO29945Second edition2016-11-15Reference numberISO 29945:2016(E)BS ISO 2994
6、5:2016ISO 29945:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including p
7、hotocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22
8、 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 29945:2016ISO 29945:2016(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Chemical and physical properties of DME 24.1 General characteristics . 24.2 Chemical and physical properties 25 Precauti
9、ons 25.1 General . 25.2 Safety precautions 25.3 General precautions for sample cylinders . 35.4 Sampling point 36 Sampling system . 36.1 Apparatus used for sampling 36.2 Materials and structure of sampling line and sample cylinders 56.2.1 General 56.2.2 Sampling line . 56.2.3 Sample cylinder 57 Samp
10、ling 67.1 Terminal in a loading port . 67.2 Terminal in an unloading port . 68 Preparation for sampling 68.1 Visual inspection of sampling line and sample cylinder . 68.2 Connection of the apparatus . 68.3 Purging the sampling line and sample cylinder . 69 Sampling procedure 79.1 General . 79.2 Two-
11、valve sample cylinder with or without ullage tube 79.3 Single-valve sample cylinder. 79.4 Two-valve sample cylinder with a siphon tube 710 Adjustment of sample volume 810.1 Two-valve sample cylinder without ullage tube 810.2 Two-valve sample cylinder with ullage tube . 810.3 Single-valve sample cyli
12、nder. 810.4 Two-valve sample cylinder with a siphon tube 811 Checking for leakage 912 Number of samples 913 Identification of sample cylinder 914 Retention of samples .10Bibliography .11 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 29945:2016ISO 29945:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Org
13、anization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been establi
14、shed has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardizatio
15、n.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with t
16、he editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any pate
17、nt rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For a
18、n explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.The committe
19、e responsible for this document is ISO/TC 28, Petroleum products and related products of synthetic or biological origin, Subcommittee SC 5, Measurement of refrigerated hydrocarbon and non-petroleum based liquefied gaseous fuels.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 29945:20
20、09), which has been technically revised.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 29945:2016ISO 29945:2016(E)IntroductionMeasures for environmental protection are required on a global scale. In this context, various methods of achieving these aims have been independently studied or undertaken in many co
21、untries. One such project, the development of the use of dimethylether (DME) as a new form of energy, has been undertaken in several countries. The use of DME generates neither sulfur oxide nor any other particulate matter known to cause environmental pollution at the time of combustion.Another bene
22、fit of the use of DME as a petroleum alternative is that it can be produced easily from natural gases, coals and biomasses with only slight additional development of the existing techniques of production, transportation, storage and consumption.In international trade, especially bulk transportation
23、by sea, DME is liquefied by either refrigeration or pressurization and transported using ocean-going DME tankers and/or LPG tankers. To detect qualitative deterioration of the DME that can take place during transportation or storage, the establishment of an International Standard, agreed to by all c
24、oncerned nations and parties, is required.This document specifies a method of manual sampling of DME liquefied by refrigeration for analysis to define and/or confirm adherence to contractual specifications. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 29945:2016BS ISO 29945:2016Refrigerated non-petroleum ba
25、sed liquefied gaseous fuels Dimethylether (DME) Method of manual sampling onshore terminals1 ScopeThis document specifies a manual sampling method for refrigerated liquefied DME at terminals in both loading and unloading ports along with precautions.This document does not include recommendations for
26、 the location of a sampling point in a line or vessel.This document is also applicable to the following cases, with necessary modifications: sampling of DME on board liquefied gas tankers where appropriate sampling apparatus is provided; sampling of other refrigerated, non-petroleum-based, liquefied
27、 gaseous fuels whose chemical and physical properties are similar to those of DME.The detailed chemical and physical properties of DME differ from those of LPG, which suggests that DME requires precautions different from those of LPG. However, their basic properties are similar to each other and so
28、general reference is made in this document to precautions for LPG that have been applied in many countries. Reference can also be made to the appropriate individual items in this document for precautions concerning the quality.2 Normative referencesThere are no normative references in this document.
29、3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available
30、at http:/www.iso.org/obp3.1sampling lineline used to connect a sample probe (3.2) and a sample cylinder3.2sample probedevice inserted into gas or liquid to be sampled from the transfer line or fitted to the transfer line for collecting a sampleSOURCE: ISO 1988-6:2000, 6.40.1043.3ullage tubeoutage tu
31、betube fitted in a sample cylinder in order to easily adjust volume of the DME vapourINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 29945:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 29945:2016ISO 29945:2016(E)4 Chemical and physical properties of DME4.1 General characteristicsDME has the following general characterist
32、ics, which should be considered with respect to personal safety precautions.a) It is non-corrosive.b) It has a relatively small coefficient of thermal expansion.c) It acts as an effective solvent for many materials.d) It is hydrophilic.4.2 Chemical and physical propertiesDME has the following genera
33、l chemical and physical properties:a) boiling point (at atmospheric pressure) 25,1 C;b) saturated vapour pressure (at 25 C) 0,61 MPa;c) explosive range 3,4 % to 27,0 % volume fraction;d) gas density (relative to air) 1,59;e) liquid density (at 20 C) 670 kg/m3;f) chemical structure (CH3)2O;g) molecul
34、ar weight 46,07 g mol1;h) auto ignition temperature 350 C.5 Precautions5.1 GeneralClause 5 introduces the safety precautions that should be observed at the time of sampling and general precautions for the sample cylinders being used. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to ensure th
35、at the procedure of sampling meets the applicable safety regulations.5.2 Safety precautions5.2.1 Wear appropriate protective clothing, helmet, goggles, gloves and safety work shoes.5.2.2 Stand upwind and complete sampling in short a time as practicable.5.2.3 Sampling work should be performed by skil
36、led and experienced staff, or carried out under the supervision of such staff.5.2.4 While in use, sample equipment should be grounded against generation of static electricity.5.2.5 In-house safety instructions should be applied.2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 29945:2016ISO 29945:2016(E)5.3 Gene
37、ral precautions for sample cylinders5.3.1 The sample cylinders used should conform to any requirements, for example, periodic inspections, that are required by the regulatory authority and should be used within the validity period of the test certificate.5.3.2 Even if the sample cylinders being used
38、 are under the period of validity/conformity, sample cylinders showing any apparent damage shall not be used.5.4 Sampling pointSampling points shall be located so as to obtain representative samples. To prevent vaporization of DME in the line before sampling, it is preferable to locate the sampling
39、point at a place where the pressure and temperature of the DME in the line are constant.6 Sampling system6.1 Apparatus used for samplingThe apparatus used for sampling shall consist of a sampling line and sample cylinder. Typical types of apparatus are shown in Figures 1 to 3.Key1 sampling line2 con
40、trol valve3 exhaust valveaDME.bTo sample cylinder.Figure 1 Example of typical sampling line ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 29945:2016ISO 29945:2016(E)a) Two-valve sample cylinder b) Two-valve sample cylinder with an ullage tubec) Single-valve sample cylinder d) Two-valve sample cylinder with a
41、 siphon tubeKey1 outlet valve2 sampling cylinder3 handle4 inlet valve5 safety valve6 ullage tube7 inlet/outlet valve8 siphon tube (to take out a liquid-phase sample)Figure 2 Examples of typical sample cylinders4 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 29945:2016ISO 29945:2016(E)Key1 pressure gauge2 carry
42、ing handle3 magnetic indicator4 rupture discs for pressure protection5 floating piston6 valveFigure 3 Example of a floating-piston sample cylinder6.2 Materials and structure of sampling line and sample cylinders6.2.1 GeneralThe chemical and physical properties of DME shall be taken into consideratio
43、n when the materials of the sampling line and sample cylinders are selected. Stainless steel is suggested as one of the most suitable materials. In addition, because of the solvent property of DME, parts used in the sampling line and sample cylinders shall be made of high-polymer materials that are
44、resistant during long-term use.6.2.2 Sampling lineThe sampling line shall be made of flexible stainless steel with an exhaust valve. As an example, a typical sampling line is shown in Figure 1. The purpose of the sampling line is to transfer a DME sample obtained from the receiving/delivery line to
45、the sample cylinder, while maintaining it in a liquid state.Therefore, to prevent vaporization of the sample due to heat input during transfer, the tube should be as short in length and small in calibre as practicable, and the outside should be insulated.6.2.3 Sample cylinder6.2.3.1 Basic designTwo-
46、valve sample cylinders with or without an ullage tube are most advisable, however, single-valve sample cylinders are also suitable for samples being kept for future reference. Sample cylinders shall be equipped with a safety valve or a rupture disc to prevent over-pressurization.If an ullage tube is
47、 fitted, the following shall be considered with respect to its design: when the filling is completed, the ullage tube remains in the gas phase; the corresponding liquid inside the cylinder represents 85 % of the total volume.NOTE After filling DME in a sample cylinder with an ullage tube, if the out
48、let valve is opened, fluid is released, first in a liquid state, then in a gaseous state. The liquid remaining in the sample cylinder at this time is estimated to occupy 85 % of the total volume. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 29945:2016ISO 29945:2016(E)6.2.3.2 IdentificationCylinder number wi
49、th the allowable pressure shall be identified. In addition, where applicable, the valve to which the ullage tube is attached shall be marked.6.2.3.3 CapacityCapacity of the sample cylinder shall be large enough to contain sufficient DME for duplicate analyses in the event that the first analysis is unreliable. Typical sample cylinders are shown in Figure 2.A floating-piston-type sample cylinder may be used as an alternative (see Figure 3).7 Sampling7.1 Terminal in a loading port7.1.1 Loading from a si
