1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 3374:2000 ICS 59.1
2、00.10 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Reinforcement products Mats and fabrics Determination of mass per unit areaThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authori
3、ty of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 October 2000 BSI 10-1999 ISBN 0 580 36542 5 BS ISO 3374:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 3374:2000 and implements it as the UK national standard. T
4、he UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/42, Fibre reinforced thermosetting plastics and prepegs, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretat
5、ion, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which imp
6、lement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to incl
7、ude all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the I
8、SO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 7 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Referencenumber ISO3374:2000(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3374 Thirdedition 2000-06-15 ReinforcementproductsMatsand fabricsDeterminationofmas
9、sperunit area RenfortsMatsettissusDterminationdelamassesurfaciqueou grammageISO3374:2000(E) ii ISO3374:2000(E)iii Contents Page Foreword.iv 1 Scope1 2 Normativereferences1 3 Termanddefinition.1 4 Principle1 5 Apparatus.2 6 Testspecimens2 7 Conditioningandtestatmospheres3 8 Procedure.5 9 Calculationa
10、ndexpressionofresults.5 10 Testreport5 AnnexA(informative)Precisionandbias6ISO3374:2000(E) iv Foreword ISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISO memberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnical
11、committees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhas therighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmental,in liaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnical Commissio
12、n(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization. InternationalStandardsaredraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheISO/IECDirectives,Part3. DraftInternationalStandardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforvoting. PublicationasanInternationalStandardrequiresapprovalbyatl
13、east75%ofthememberbodiescastingavote. AttentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisInternationalStandardmaybethesubjectof patentrights.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights. InternationalStandardISO3374waspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC61,Plastics,Subcom
14、mitteeSC13, Compositesandreinforcementfibres. Thisthirdeditioncancelsandreplacesthesecondedition(ISO3374:1990),whichhasbeentechnicallyrevised. AnnexAofthisInternationalStandardisforinformationonly.INTERNATIONALSTANDARD ISO3374:2000(E)1 ReinforcementproductsMatsandfabricsDeterminationof massperunitar
15、ea 1 Scope ThisInternationalStandardspecifiesamethodfordeterminingthemassperunitareaofmats(eitherchopped- strandmatorcontinuous-strandmat)orfabricswhichmaybemanufacturedwithglassorcarbonoraramidyarns. 2 Normativereferences Thefollowingnormativedocumentscontainprovisionswhich,throughreferenceinthiste
16、xt,constituteprovisionsof thisInternationalStandard.Fordatedreferences,subsequentamendmentsto,orrevisionsof,anyofthese publicationsdonotapply.However,partiestoagreementsbasedonthisInternationalStandardareencouragedto investigatethepossibilityofapplyingthemostrecenteditionsofthenormativedocumentsindi
17、catedbelow.For undatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthenormativedocumentreferredtoapplies.MembersofISOandIEC maintainregistersofcurrentlyvalidInternationalStandards. ISO291:1997,PlasticsStandardatmospheresforconditioningandtesting. ISO3344:1997,ReinforcementproductsDeterminationofmoisturecontent. ISO
18、5725-1:1994,Accuracy(truenessandprecision)ofmeasurementmethodsandresultsPart1:General principlesanddefinitions. ISO5725-2:1994,Accuracy(truenessandprecision)ofmeasurementmethodsandresultsPart2:Basicmethod forthedeterminationofrepeatabilityandreproducibilityofastandardmeasurementmethod. 3 Termanddefi
19、nition ForthepurposesofthisInternationalStandard,thefollowingtermanddefinitionapply: 3.1 massperunitarea theratioofthemassofapieceofmatorfabricofspecifieddimensionstothearea NOTE Thismassincludesboththestrandsandanyothermaterialprotectingorbindingthestrandsoryarns. 4Principle Themassofatestspecimeno
20、fknownareaisdetermined,andthemassperunitareacalculated.ISO3374:2000(E) 2 5 Apparatus 5.1 Polishedmetaltemplate,whichyieldsatestspecimenwith asquareshapeofarea1000cm 2 formats; asquareorcircularshapeofarea100cm 2 forfabrics. Thepermissibleerrorintheareaoftheresultingspecimensshallbe1%orless. Byagreem
21、entbetweentheinterestedparties,alargerspecimenmaybeused.Insuchcases,theshapeand dimensionsofthespecimenshallbenotedinthetestreport. 5.2 Suitablecuttingtool,forexampleknife,scissors,cuttingdiscorpunch. 5.3 Specimenholder,whichprovidesoptimumaircirculationaroundthespecimen,madefromaheat-resistant mate
22、rialandsuchthatthereisnolossoftheproductundertest.Thismaybeabasketconstructedfromstainless- steelwiremesh. 5.4 Balance,havingthefollowingcharacteristics: Material Measuringcapability Limitofpermissibleerror Resolution Mats,allweights 0to150g 0,5g 0,1g FabricsW200g/m 2 0to150g 10mg 1mg Fabrics 200g/m
23、 2 0to150g 1mg 0,1mg Incaseswherelargerspecimensaretaken(see5.1),abalanceshallbeusedthatprovidesequivalentaccuracy. 5.5 Apparatustobeusedincaseswhenspecimensmustbedried: 5.5.1 Ventilateddryingoven,withanairchangerateof20to50timesperhour,capableofmaintaininga temperatureof105C 3C. 5.5.2 Desiccator,co
24、ntainingasuitabledryingagent(forexamplesilicagel,calciumchlorideorphosphorus pentoxide). 5.5.3 Stainless-steeltongs,forhandlingthespecimenandspecimenholder. 6 Testspecimens Unlessotherwiseagreedbetweentheinterestedparties,thenumberofspecimenstakenfromeachrollorfromthe laboratorysampleshallbe formats
25、: three1000cm 2 specimenspermetreofwidth(inpractice,normallyonespecimenforevery 31,6cmacrossthewidthofthemat); forfabrics: one100cm 2 specimenper50cmofwidth. Inallcases,aminimumoftwospecimensshallbetaken. SuggestedmethodsforcuttingspecimensareshowninFigure1formatsandFigures2and3forfabrics.ISO3374:20
26、00(E)3 Notethat formats: specimensaretakeninonerow,generallysidebyside, thedistancefromtheedgemaybezerofortrimmedmats,butthedistancefromanyuntrimmed edgesshallbeatleast10cm; forfabrics: specimensaretakenseparately,preferablyinvolvingdifferentweftyarns, thedistancefromtheedge/selvedgeshallbeatleast5c
27、m. Specialinstructionsshallbeprovided,asneeded,totheoperatorstoassurethatthecuttingprocedureresultsin specimensareaswhicharewithinthetolerancerangeforthismethod. Formatsnarrowerthan31,6cmandfabricsnarrowerthan25cm,thespecimentypeanddimensionsshallbe agreedbetweenthepurchaserandsupplier. NOTE Somespe
28、cificationsmaystipulatethatthemassperunitareaisbasedonamethodusingthewholerollasthetest specimen.Inthatcase,themassoftherollisdividedbythefullareaoftheroll. Theresultobtained(inthesespecifications,usuallycalledthe“actualmeanweight“)isnotnecessarilycomparablewiththat obtainedwiththemethoddescribedint
29、hisInternationalStandard. 7 Conditioningandtestatmospheres Unlessotherwisespecifiedintheproductspecificationorbythepersonorderingthetest,noconditioningofthe specimensisrequired. Ifconditioningisutilized,refertoISO291. Dimensionsincentimetres Key 1 Directionofmatwidth 2 Discard Figure1Suggestedmethod
30、forcuttingoutmatspecimensISO3374:2000(E) 4 Dimensionsincentimetres Key 1 Widthoffabric 2 Warpdirection a Insteadofcircularspecimens,squarespecimensmaybetakenorientedeitherparalleltoordiagonallyacrosstheyarns. Figure2Suggestedmethodforcuttingoutfabricspecimens(fabricswiderthan50cm) Dimensionsincentim
31、etres Key 1 Warpdirection Figure3Suggestedmethodforcuttingoutfabricspecimens(fabricsbetween25cmand50cmwide)ISO3374:2000(E)5 8 Procedure 8.1 Cutastripatleast35cmwideacrosstheentirewidthofthematorfabricasthelaboratorysample. 8.2 Usingthecuttingtool(5.2)andtemplate(5.1)andacleanworksurface,cutthenumber
32、ofspecimens specifiedinclause6. Ifthetestspecimenshavefibresthatmaybelost,utilizeaholder(5.3)and,ifnecessary,foldthespecimens,taking caretokeepallstrandsoryarns. 8.3 Unlessotherwiseagreedbetweentheinterestedparties,drythespecimensinaventilatedoven(5.5.1)at 105C 3Cfor1hincaseswhenthematorfabriccontai
33、nsmorethan0,2%moisture(orifthemoisturecontent isunknown),thenremovetoadesiccator(5.5.2)andcooltoroomtemperature.Uponremovalfromthedesiccator, proceedtostep8,4immediately. 8.4 Weigheachtestspecimenandrecordtheresult,subtractingthetareifaspecimenholderwasused. Theaccuracytowhichthismassisrecordedshall
34、correspondtothesensitivityofthebalance(see5.4). 9 Calculationandexpressionofresults 9.1 Foreachspecimen,calculatethemassperunitarea A ,ingramspersquaremetre,usingtheequation A m A 10000 s where m s isthemass,ingrams,ofthespecimen; A isthearea,insquarecentimetres,ofthespecimen. 9.2 Reportthemassperun
35、itareaastheaveragevalueforallthespecimenstakenacrossthewidthofthemat orfabric. Givetheresulttothenearest1g/m 2 formatsandfabricsweighing200g/m 2 ormoreandtothenearest0,1g/m 2 forfabricslighterthan200g/m 2 . Optionally,specificationsorpersonsorderingthetestmayalsorequirethattheresultsforeachindividua
36、lspecimen bereported,assuchdatamayyieldinformationaboutthemassdistributionacrossthematerial. 10Testreport Thetestreportshallincludethefollowingparticulars: a) areferencetothisInternationalStandard; b) alldetailsnecessaryforcompleteidentificationofthematorfabrictested; c) themassperunitareaofthemator
37、fabric(optionally,orifrequired,theresultforeachindividualspecimen mayalsobereported); d) detailsofanyoperationnotspecifiedinthisInternationalStandard,aswellasanyinformationordetailsofany incidentliabletohaveabearingontheresults(forinstance,thenumberofspecimensused,whetherornot preliminarydryingofthe
38、specimenswasnecessaryorwhetherspecimensdifferentfromthosespecifiedwere used); e) thedateofthetest.ISO3374:2000(E) 6 AnnexA (informative) Precisionandbias TableA.1isbasedonaroundrobinconductedin1999 1) inaccordancewithISO5725-1andISO5725-2.It involvedonecarbonfabric,onearamidfabric,threeglassfabricsa
39、ndtwoglassmatstestedbyupto11 laboratories.Individualtestspecimenswerepreparedatthelaboratorieswhichtestedthemfromsamplessupplied fromacentrallaboratory.Eachtestresultwastheaverageoftwoindividualdeterminationsforfabricsorthree individualdeterminationsformats.Eachlaboratoryobtainedthreetestresultsfore
40、achmaterial. CAUTIONTheexplanationofrandRwhichfollowsisonlyintendedtopresentameaningfulwayofconsidering theapproximateprecisionofthistestmethod.ThedatainTableA.1shouldnotbeappliedtoacceptanceor rejectionofmaterials,asthesedataapplyonlytothematerialstestedintheroundrobinandareunlikelytobe rigorouslyr
41、epresentativeofotherlots,formulations,conditions,materialsorlaboratories. DefinitionsofrandRinTableA.1:IfV r andV R havebeencalculatedfromalargeenoughbodyofdata,andfor testresultsthatwereaveragesfromtestingofthree(twoforfabrics)specimensforeachtestresult,then: Repeatability:Twotestresultsobtainedwit
42、hinonelaboratoryarejudgednotequivalentiftheydifferbymorethan thervalueforthatmaterial,rbeingtheintervalrepresentingthecriticaldifferencebetweentwotestresultsforthe samematerial,obtainedbythesameoperatorusingthesameequipmentonthesamedayinthesamelaboratory. Reproducibility:Twotestresultsobtainedbydiff
43、erentlaboratoriesarejudgednotequivalentiftheydifferbymore thantheRvalueforthatmaterial,Rbeingtheintervalrepresentingthecriticaldifferencebetweentwotestresults forthesamematerial,obtainedbydifferentoperatorsusingdifferentequipmentindifferentlaboratories. Anyjudgementinaccordancewiththeabovewouldhavea
44、napproximately95%(0,95)probabilityofbeingcorrect. Therearenorecognizedstandardsbywhichtoestimatethebiasofthismethod. 1)ThecompleteresultsoftheroundrobinareavailablefromtheSC13Secretariat(AFNOR).ISO3374:2000(E)7 TableA.1Round-robinsummaryforISO3374 Material No. Material X g/m 2 s X g/m 2 s r g/m 2 s
45、R g/m 2 r g/m 2 R g/m 2 V r % V R % 1 Carbon-fibrefabric 19,5908 0,1391 0,1275 0,1739 0,357 0,487 1,8 2,5 2 Aramid-fibrefabric 6,0817 0,1843 0,0885 0,1980 0,248 0,554 4,1 9,1 3 Glass-wovenrovingfabric 84,4072 1,7609 0,4273 1,7953 1,197 5,027 1,4 6,0 4 Glassclothfabric 20,852 0,3186 0,3837 0,4474 1,0
46、74 1,253 5,2 6,0 5 Glassstitchfabric 215,5577 5,3217 2,0130 5,5710 5,636 15,599 2,6 7,2 6 Glasschopped-strandmat 45,1650 0,8919 2,1106 2,1106 5,910 5,910 13,1 13,1 7 Glasscontinuous-strand mat 30,8866 1,7579 0,3816 1,7855 1,068 4,999 3,5 16,2 Thesymbolsusedinthetablearedefinedasfollows: X isthemeanv
47、alue; s X isthestandarddeviationfromthemean; V r isthewithin-laboratorycoefficientofvariationforthematerialconcerned; V R isthebetween-laboratoryreproducibility,expressedasthecoefficientofvariation; r isthewithin-laboratorycriticalintervalbetweentwotestresults(=2,8 Vr); R isthebetween-laboratorycrit
48、icalintervalbetweentwotestresults(=2,8 V R ). Thedataindicategenerallygoodwithin-laboratoryrepeatabilityV r butshowwidervariationofthebetween- laboratoryreproducibilityV R.BS ISO 3374:2000 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
49、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BSI British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess
