1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 3507:1999 Laboratory glassware Pyknometers ICS 17.060; 71.040.20BSISO3507:1999 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Sector Board forMaterials and Chemicals, waspublished under the authorityof the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15
2、August1999 BSI 04-2000 ISBN 0 580 32971 2 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO3507:1999and implements it as the UK national standard. It supersedes BS733-1:1983which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical CommitteeLBI/36, Laborator
3、y glassware and related apparatus, to Subcommittee LBI/36/4, Density measuring instruments, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK
4、 interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications
5、 referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions
6、of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theISO title page, pag
7、es ii to iv, pages 1 to 11 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSISO3507:1999 BSI 04-2000 i C
8、ontents Page National foreword Inside front cover Foreword iii Text of ISO 3507 1ii blankBSISO3507:1999 ii BSI 04-2000 Contents Page Foreword iii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Basis of adjustment 1 3.1 Unit of volume 1 3.2 Reference temperature 1 4 Types and series of sizes 1 5 Capacities of
9、pyknometers 1 5.1 Actual capacity 1 5.2 Nominal capacity 1 6 Difference between actual capacity, nominal capacity and accuracy 2 7 Construction 2 7.1 Material 2 7.2 Mass 2 7.3 Dimensions 2 7.4 Shape 2 7.5 Necks 3 7.6 Stoppers and thermometer 3 8 Graduation lines 3 8.1 General 3 8.2 Type 1 4 8.2.1 Po
10、sition of scale 4 8.2.2 Length of graduation lines 4 8.2.3 Figuring of graduation lines 4 8.3 Type 2 4 8.4 Type 4 4 9 Marking 4 10 Visibility of graduation lines, figures and markings 4 Annex A (informative) Device for adjusting the liquid level in a Reischauer-type pyknometer 11 Figure 1 Type 1 (Li
11、pkin) pyknometer tube 7 Figure 2 Type 2 (Sprengel) pyknometer tube 8 Figure 3 Type 3 (Gay-Lussac) pyknometer flask 9 Figure 4 Type 4 (Reischauer) pyknometer flask 9 Figure 5 Type 5 (Hubbard) pyknometer flask 10 Figure 6 Pyknometer flask with ground-in thermometer and capillary side tube 10 Figure A.
12、1 Draw-off needle 11 Figure A.2 Filling needle 11 Table 1 Types and sizes of pyknometers 1 Table 2 Dimensional requirements for pyknometer tubes types 1 and 2 5 Table 3 Dimensional requirements for pyknometer flasks types 4 and 5 5 Table 4 Dimensional requirements for pyknometer flasks types 3 and 6
13、 6BSISO3507:1999 BSI 04-2000 iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body inte
14、rested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnica
15、l Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. International Standard ISO3507was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 48, Laboratory glassware and related apparatus, Su
16、bcommittee SC 4, Density measuring instruments. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 3507:1976) by incorporating the following changes: a) the title has been modified; b) Gay-Lussac pyknometers of 1 ml, 2 ml, 5 ml and 100 ml have been added; c) Reischauer pyknometers of 10
17、 ml and 100 ml have been added; d) a Hubbard pyknometer of 50 ml has been added; e) pyknometers with ground-in thermometer and capillary side tube have been added.iv blankBSISO3507:1999 BSI 04-2000 1 1 Scope This International Standard specifies requirements for a series of pyknometers for general l
18、aboratory use for the determination of the densities of liquids. Specialized pyknometers for use with particular products, or otherwise not in common use, are excluded. Sufficient details to define such pyknometers should be included in International Standards which specify or describe their use. A
19、device suitable for adjustment of the liquid level in the neck of the Reischauer pyknometer is shown in Annex A. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated referenc
20、es, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated refere
21、nces, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 383, Laboratory glassware Interchangeable conical ground joints. ISO 384:1978, Laboratory glassware Principles of design and construction
22、of volumetric glassware. ISO 386, Liquid-in-glass laboratory thermometers Principles of design, constructionand use. ISO 719, Glass Hydrolytic resistance of glass grains at98 C Method of test and classification. ISO 3585, Borosilicate glass 3.3 Properties. 3 Basis of adjustment 3.1 Unit of volume Th
23、e unit of volume shall be the millilitre (ml), which is equivalent to the cubic centimetre (cm 3 ). NOTEThe term millilitre (ml) is commonly used as a special name for the cubic centimetre (cm 3 ), in accordance with a decision of the Twelfth Confrence Gnrale des Poids et Mesures. The term millilitr
24、e is acceptable, in general, for references in International Standards to capacities of volumetric glassware and it is used in this International Standard. 3.2 Reference temperature If the actual capacity is marked on a pyknometer, the verification temperature at which this actual capacity is determ
25、ined shall also be marked. Under normal circumstances the standard reference temperature shall be20 C. When it is necessary in tropical countries to work at an ambient temperature considerably above20 C, and these countries do not wish to use the standard reference temperature of20 C, a temperature
26、of27 C is recommended. 4 Types and series of sizes Two types of pyknometer tube and four types of pyknometer flask are specified, as listed in Table 1 and illustrated in Figure 1 to Figure 6. Types 1 and2, of tubular form, are for suspension; types3,4, 5 and 6, of flask form, are free-standing on fl
27、at bases. Types 1, 3 and 4, and type2if provided with caps, shall be used for volatile liquids. Type5shall be used for very viscous materials. The series of sizes for each type of pyknometer shall be as shown in Table 1. Table 1 Types and sizes of pyknometers 5 Capacities of pyknometers 5.1 Actual c
28、apacity The actual capacity is the volume, in millilitres, of water at the reference temperature contained by the pyknometer, which is also at that temperature. The volume, according to type, is defined as follows. Type 1: Between zero lines of the two scales; Type 2: From tip of jet to graduation l
29、ine; Type 3 and 5: To top of bore of stopper; Type 4: To zero line of scale; Type 6: To top of capillary side tube. The recommended reference temperature is20 C but other appropriate temperatures may be selected in accordance with 3.2. 5.2 Nominal capacity The nominal capacity is the actual capacity
30、 rounded to the nearest appropriate value given in Table 1. Type Designation Nominalcapacities ml 1 Lipkin 12510 2 Sprengel 51025 3 Gay-Lussac 125102550100 4 Reischauer 102550100 5 Hubbard 2550 6 Ground-in thermometer 102550100BSISO3507:1999 2 BSI 04-2000 6 Difference between actual capacity, nomina
31、l capacity and accuracy The difference between the actual capacity and the nominal capacity of a pyknometer shall not exceed the appropriate maximum value shown in Table 2, Table 3 or Table 4. The actual capacity of a pyknometer shall be determined at the95% confidence level (k = 2) with an uncertai
32、nty of measurement which does not exceed the following values: 7 Construction 7.1 Material Pyknometers shall be made from glass of hydrolytic class not lower than HGB3 according to ISO 719, with a coefficient of thermal expansion not exceeding3,3 10 6 C 1 . NOTEThis includes borosilicate glass3.3acc
33、ording to ISO3585. Pyknometers shall be as free as possible from visible defects and reasonably free from internal strain. Stoppers or taps shall be made from glass having similar thermal properties to that used for the pyknometers to which they are fitted. 7.2 Mass The mass of a pyknometer shall no
34、t exceed the appropriate maximum value shown in Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4. 7.3 Dimensions Pyknometers shall comply with the appropriate toleranced dimensional requirements shown in Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4. The additional dimensions which are specified by nominal values without tolerances are
35、 for the guidance of manufacturers. 7.4 Shape 7.4.1 The shapes of the six types of pyknometer shall be generally as shown in Figure 1 to Figure 6 and shall comply with the detailed requirements given in 7.4.2 to 7.4.8. All tapered portions of pyknometers shall be smoothly formed so as to avoid sharp
36、 shoulders which could entrap air bubbles. 7.4.2 Pyknometers of type1shall have an oval bulb, as illustrated in Figure 1, which merges gradually into the tubes at each end. The left arm of the pyknometer shall be bent as shown in Figure 1, the distance from the end to the outside of the bend being (
37、20 2) mm and the included angle being 50 to 55 . The two ends of the pyknometer shall be finished square with the axis of the tubes and smoothly fire-polished without constriction. 7.4.3 Pyknometers of type2shall have a cylindrical bulb with tapered ends which merge gradually into the adjoining tube
38、s. The two arms shall be bent at an angle of approximately 75 to the vertical and shall lie in the same plane as the U-portion of the pyknometer. One arm shall be drawn down to a smooth tapered jet, the end of which shall have a bore of approximately0,5mm and shall be ground smooth at right angles t
39、o the axis of the tube and slightly bevelled on the outside. The end of the other arm of the pyknometer shall be finished square with the axis of the tube and smoothly firepolished without constriction. 7.4.4 Pyknometers of type2that are fitted with ground-on caps at the ends of the side arms shall
40、comply with the following additional requirements. a) The ground zones of the joints shall be such that the two caps are interchangeable, and the joints comply with the requirements for size 5/9 of ISO 383. b) The cones of the joints shall be formed with a minimum distortion of the bore of the tube,
41、 and such distortion shall be smoothly tapered. The tip of the jet shall project beyond the small end of the ground zone and c) The caps shall be smoothly ground to a good fit on the cones and shall be of sufficient size to clear the tip of the jet. 7.4.5 Pyknometers of types 3, 4, 5 and 6 shall sta
42、nd vertically without rocking or spinning when placed on a level surface. They shall not topple when placed empty, with the stopper inserted, on a surface inclined at an angle of 15 to the horizontal. 7.4.6 Pyknometers of types 3, 4 and 6 shall have abody shape similar to that shown in Figure 3, Fig
43、ure 4 and Figure 6, in which the plane of maximum diameter is at approximately one-third of the distance from the base to the bottom of the neck. Type 1Lipkin 5 4l Type 2Sprengel 5 4l Type 3Gay-Lussac 10 4l Type 4Reischauer 5 4l Type 5Hubbard 50 4l Type 6Ground-in thermometer 15 4lBSISO3507:1999 BSI
44、 04-2000 3 7.4.7 Pyknometers of type5shall have a body shape as shown in Figure 5, in which the upper end of the conical portion merges smoothly with the neck without a sharp shoulder. The radius of curvature between the lower end of the conical portion and the base shall not be less than5mm. 7.4.8
45、Pyknometers of type6shall have a capillary side tube smoothly fitted to the body at an angle of approximately 90 . The upper part of the capillary side tube shall be positioned parallel to the vertical axis of the pyknometer body. The outer diameter of the capillary side tube shall be approximately6
46、mm and the upper end shall be ground to a flat surface of approximately6mm. 7.5 Necks 7.5.1 For types3and 5, the top of the neck of the flask shall be reconstructed so that there is no channel in which liquid can lodge between the stopper and the neck of the bottle. The outer edge of the top of the
47、neck shall be slightly bevelled. The ground zone of the neck shall extend below the bottom of the stopper when the latter is in position and there shall be no ridge at the lower end of the grinding. NOTEThis can be a manufactured tool process or a grinding process. 7.5.2 For type 4, the portion of t
48、he neck bearing the graduated scale shall be cylindrical and the internal diameter shall be uniform over the entire scale length. The internal diameter of the neck above this portion shall not be constricted. The upper end of the neck shall be ground either as a socket with a strengthening bead abov
49、e as shown in Figure 4, or as a cone. In either case the grinding shall comply with the requirements of ISO 383, for the joint sizes listed in Table 3. 7.5.3 For type 6, the neck intended to take up the thermometer shall be ground to a socket complying with ISO 383, size 10/19. There shall be no channel between the ground socket and the fitted thermometer in which liquid can lodge. The upper end of the capillary side tube shall be ground as a cone complying to ISO 383, size 7/16, enabling a cap
