1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 5636-6:2015Paper and board Determination of airpermeance (medium range)Part 6: Oken methodBS ISO 5636-6:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 5636-6:2015. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Te
2、chnicalCommittee PAI/11, Methods of test for paper, board and pulps. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct applic
3、ation. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 71194 7 ICS 85.060 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committ
4、ee on 31 May 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e d ISO 2015Paper and board Determination of air permeance (medium range) Part 6: Oken methodPapier et carton Dtermination de la permabilit lair (plage de valeurs moyennes) Partie 6: Mthode OkenINTERNATIONAL STA
5、NDARDISO 5636-6First edition 2015-05-01Reference number ISO 5636-6:2015(E)BS ISO 5636-6:2015ISO 5636-6:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced o
6、r utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO co
7、pyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 5636-6:2015ISO 5636-6:2015(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 15 Apparatus . 25.1 Air resistance
8、apparatus (Oken tester) 25.2 Water column type 25.3 Electronic sensor type 46 Sampling 57 Conditioning 58 Preparation of test pieces . 59 Calibration 510 Procedure. 511 Expression of results 611.1 Calculation of air permeance 611.2 Reporting the results . 611.3 Standard deviation and coefficient of
9、variation . 612 Test report . 6Annex A (informative) Measurement principle of air resistance (Oken) and its relation to air resistance (Gurley) 8Annex B (informative) Precision data 11Bibliography .13 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 5636-6:2015ISO 5636-6:2015(E)ForewordISO (the I
10、nternational Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
11、has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnica
12、l standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in a
13、ccordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. De
14、tails of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an
15、 endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee r
16、esponsible for this document is ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee SC 2, Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board.ISO 5636 consists of the following parts, under the general title Paper and board Determination of air permeance (medium range): Part 3: Bendtsen method Pa
17、rt 4: Sheffield method Part 5: Gurley method Part 6: Oken methodNOTE 1 Part 1: General method will be withdrawn after parts 3, 4, and 5 have been revised and published, as it was considered redundant.NOTE 2 Part 2: Schopper method was withdrawn in 2006 as it was considered obsolete.iv ISO 2015 All r
18、ights reservedBS ISO 5636-6:2015Paper and board Determination of air permeance (medium range) Part 6: Oken method1 ScopeThis part of ISO 5636 specifies the Oken method for determining the air permeance and air resistance of paper and board. There is no limitation on the measuring range of air permea
19、nce or air resistance of papers and boards. It is unsuitable for rough-surfaced materials, which cannot be securely clamped to avoid leakage.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For
20、dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD)ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling to
21、 determine average qualityISO 187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1air permeancemean a
22、ir flow rate through unit area under unit pressure difference in unit time, under specified conditionsNote 1 to entry: Air permeance is expressed in micrometres per pascal second 1 ml/(m2Pa s) = 1 m/(Pa s).Note 2 to entry: This property is called air permeance and not air permeability because it is
23、reported as a sheet property and is not normalized with respect to thickness to give a material property per unit thickness.3.2air resistancetime required for a specific volume of air under unit pressure to pass through unit areaNote 1 to entry: Air resistance is expressed in seconds per 100 millili
24、tres (s/100 ml).4 PrincipleA test piece is clamped between a circular gasket and an annular flat surface of known dimensions. The absolute pressure on one side of the test piece is equivalent to atmospheric pressure. The air pressure on the inlet side of a narrow capillary of controlled dimensions i
25、s maintained at a constant value above INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5636-6:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 5636-6:2015ISO 5636-6:2015(E)atmospheric pressure. The air passes through the capillary and then the test piece. The air pressure between the capillary and test piece depends on the
26、permeance of the test piece. It is measured and converted to air permeance.5 Apparatus5.1 Air resistance apparatus (Oken tester)Use either the water column type described in 5.2 or the electronic sensor type described in 5.3.5.2 Water column type5.2.1 The water column type (see Figure 1), consists o
27、f an air compressor (5.2.1.2), filter water column regulator (5.2.1.3), capillary (5.2.1.3), water column manometer (5.2.1.4), measuring head (5.2.1.1), and scale plate (5.2.1.4).5.2.1.1 The measuring head, consists of clamping plates and a rubber gasket. The clamping plates are at the base of the a
28、pparatus and connected to the pressure measuring chamber by a tube. The equipment shall have a means of tightening the clamping plates together which might be a capstan (jackscrew) arrangement or a pneumatic system. The recommended clamping force is (180 30) N. This mechanism provides a technique to
29、 give uniform loading and thus minimize the operator influence on the test. A controlled clamping force is the preferred method of clamping the test piece.A rubber gasket is inserted concentrically into a groove in the upper surface of the lower clamping plate to prevent leakage of air between the s
30、urface of the paper and the clamping plate. The gasket consists of a thin, elastic, non-oxidizing material, having a smooth surface, rectangular cross section, a thickness of 1,5 mm to 2,0 mm, and a hardness of (50 10) IRHD (international rubber hardness degrees) in accordance with ISO 48. The insid
31、e diameter of the gasket is (28,3 0,3) mm and the outside diameter is (34,5 0,5) mm.The aperture of the gasket is concentrically aligned with the aperture in the clamping plates. To align and protect the gasket in use, it is cemented to a groove machined in the lower clamping plate. The groove is co
32、ncentric with the aperture in the opposing plate, has an internal diameter of (28,60 0,15) mm and an outside diameter of (35,5 0,5) mm. The depth of the groove with a square bottom shall be (0,5 0,1) mm less than the thickness of the gasket when mounted. The gasket, when mounted inside the concentri
33、c groove, defines the measurement area (642 mm2area). The gasket should be changed at regular intervals.5.2.1.2 The air compressor and regulator, supply compressed and filtered air. The air is controlled to approximately 10 kPa by the air regulator.5.2.1.3 The filter water column regulator and capil
34、lary, provide a constant pressure. The filter water column regulator consists of a water tank with an internal diameter of approximately 100 mm and a height of approximately 700 mm and a constant pressure chamber with a side tube. The open end of the side tube is (500 0,5) mm below the water surface
35、.The air at approximately 10 kPa introduced into the constant pressure chamber is controlled to (4,90 0,01) kPa (500 1) mmH2O and transferred to the pressure measuring chamber through the capillary.The capillary consists of a narrow tube made of stainless material with an inner diameter of approxima
36、tely 0,4 mm and a length of approximately 54 mm. The capillary length shall be strictly adjusted so that the time required for the passage of 100 ml of air through the capillary under a pressure difference of 1,23 kPa is equal to 100 s (see A.2 for adjustment of the capillary length).2 ISO 2015 All
37、rights reservedBS ISO 5636-6:2015ISO 5636-6:2015(E)5.2.1.4 The water column manometer and scale plate, comprise the pressure measurement system. The water column manometer is connected to the water tank at a depth greater than 500 mm below the surface of the water in the water tank by a pipe with a
38、diameter large enough (with a minimum of 3 mm) to allow water to transfer smoothly between the manometer and water tank. The manometer is connected to the measuring head and capillary. The scale plate for reading air resistance is marked in the units of seconds per 100 millilitres. The scale shall c
39、over the range 0 s to 5 000 s with a scale reading of 0 at a pressure drop of zero (0 mmH2O), a scale reading of 100 s/100 ml at the midpoint 250 mm below the surface level in the tank and infinity () at a pressure of 4,90 kPa (500 mmH2O).NOTE High or low air resistance types of Oken tester with dif
40、ferent capillary dimensions or measurement areas are available for shorter measurement time or higher precision. However, these types of Oken tester are out of the scope of this part of ISO 5636.Key1 air compressor 8 scale plate2 filter 9 test piece3 regulator 10 measuring head4 filter water column
41、regulator/constant pressure chamber 11 example of scale plate5 capillary p1approximately 10 kPa6 water column manometer/pressure measuring chamber p24,90 kPa7 water tankFigure 1 Diagram of water column type Oken tester ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 5636-6:2015ISO 5636-6:2015(E)5.3 Electronic
42、sensor type5.3.1 The electronic sensor type (see Figure 2), consists of a measuring head (5.3.1.1), air compressor (5.3.1.2), filter, regulator (5.3.1.2), capillary (5.3.1.3), pressure sensor (5.3.1.4), sensor amplifier (5.3.1.4), and digital display (5.3.1.4).5.3.1.1 The measuring head, consists of
43、 clamping plates and a rubber gasket. The structure is the same as the measuring head (5.2.1.1) for the water column type.5.3.1.2 The air compressor and regulator, are the same as the air supply system (5.2.1.2). The regulator controls air directly to (4,90 0,01) kPa (500 1) mmH2O.5.3.1.3 The consta
44、nt pressure chamber and capillary, are the same as those for the water column type (5.2.1.3). Air at the pressure controlled by the regulator is transferred to the measuring head through the capillary.5.3.1.4 The pressure measuring chamber, electronic pressure sensor, amplifier, and digital display,
45、 comprise the electronic sensing system. The digital display shows the pressure of the pressure measuring chamber and the air resistance calculated from the pressure (see A.3), as units of kiloPascal (mmH2O) and second per 100 millilitres.Key1 air compressor 7 amplifier/digital display2 filter 8 tes
46、t piece3 regulator 9 measuring head4 constant pressure chamber p1approximately 10 kPa5 capillary p24,90 kPa6 pressure measuring chamber/electronic pressure sensorFigure 2 Diagram of electronic sensor type Oken tester4 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 5636-6:2015ISO 5636-6:2015(E)6 SamplingIf the m
47、ean quality of a lot is to be determined, sampling shall be in accordance with ISO 186. If the tests are made on another type of sample, make sure that the test pieces taken are representative of the sample received.7 ConditioningCondition the sample in accordance with ISO 187.8 Preparation of test
48、piecesPrepare the test pieces in the same atmospheric conditions as those used to condition the sample.Cut not less than 10 test pieces and identify their two sides, for example, side 1 and side 2. The test area shall be free from folds, wrinkles, holes, watermarks, or defects not inherent in the sa
49、mple. Do not handle the part of the test piece which will become part of the test area. An adequate test piece size is 100 mm 100 mm.If the mean air permeance measured on the two sides is significantly different and if this difference is required to be shown in the test report, 10 tests are required for each side.9 CalibrationCalibrate the apparatus according to instructions of the manufacturer.Check the pressure of the water column manometer or digitally displayed pressure with no test piec
