1、Reciprocating internal combustion engines Exhaust emission measurementPart 4: Steady-state and transient test cycles for different engine applicationsBS ISO 8178-4:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06 ISO 2017Reciprocating internal combustion engines
2、Exhaust emission measurement Part 4: Steady-state and transient test cycles for different engine applicationsMoteurs alternatifs combustion interne Mesurage des missions de gaz dchappement Partie 4: Cycles dessai en rgime permanent pour diffrentes applications des moteursINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO817
3、8-4Third edition2017-04Reference numberISO 8178-4:2017(E)National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 8178-4:2017. It supersedes BS ISO 8178-4:2007, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/14/-/3, RIC engines - Emi
4、ssions.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI
5、 Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 92540 5ICS 27.020; 13.040.50Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since
6、 publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 81784:2017 ISO 2017Reciprocating internal combustion engines Exhaust emission measurement Part 4: Steady-state and transient test cycles for different engine applicationsMoteurs alternatifs combustion interne Mesurage des missions de gaz dchappeme
7、nt Partie 4: Cycles dessai en rgime permanent pour diffrentes applications des moteursINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO8178-4Third edition2017-04Reference numberISO 8178-4:2017(E)BS ISO 81784:2017ISO 8178-4:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
8、All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested
9、 from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 81784:2017ISO 8178-4:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights re
10、servedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an in
11、tranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgww
12、w.iso.orgISO 8178-4:2017(E)Foreword viIntroduction vii1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Symbols and abbreviated terms 114.1 Quantities and units Numbers 114.2 General symbols 124.3 Symbols and abbreviated terms for fuel composition .144.4 Symbols and abbreviated terms f
13、or chemical components 154.5 Abbreviated terms 165 Test conditions 175.1 Engine test conditions . 175.1.1 Laboratory test conditions . 175.1.2 Test validity . 175.2 Engine power 175.2.1 Auxiliaries to be fitted 185.2.2 Auxiliaries to be removed . 185.2.3 Determination of auxiliary power . 185.2.4 En
14、gine cycle work 185.3 Engine intake air . 185.3.1 Introduction 185.3.2 Intake air restriction 195.3.3 Engines with charge air cooling . 195.4 Engine exhaust system 195.4.1 Introduction 195.4.2 Exhaust restriction 195.4.3 Engine with exhaust after-treatment system .205.5 Specific test conditions . 20
15、5.5.1 Engine with exhaust after-treatment system .205.5.2 Crankcase emissions245.6 Cooling system . 245.7 Lubricating oil . 246 Test fuels 247 Test cycles .257.1 Introduction . 257.2 Test speeds 257.2.1 Maximum test speed (MTS) 257.2.2 Rated speed . 277.2.3 Intermediate speed .277.2.4 Idle speed 277
16、.2.5 Test speed for constant speed engines 287.3 Torque and power . 287.3.1 Torque 287.3.2 Power 297.4 Engine mapping 307.4.1 Engine mapping for transient cycles .317.4.2 Engine mapping for variable speed steady-state cycles .317.4.3 Engine mapping for constant-speed engines .327.5 Steady-state test
17、 cycles . 337.5.1 Discrete mode test cycles 337.5.2 Ramped modal test cycles . 34 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 81784:2017ISO 8178-4:2017(E)7.5.3 Cycle types and applicability 357.6 Transient cycles . 397.6.1 Introduction 397.6.2 Non-road transient cycle (NRTC) . 397.6.3 Large
18、spark-ignition non-road transient cycle .397.7 Test cycle generation 407.7.1 Generation of steady-state discrete-mode or RMC test cycles 407.7.2 Generation of NRTC and LSI-NRTC . 418 Test run438.1 General test sequence 438.2 Instrument validation for test . 458.2.1 Validation of proportional flow co
19、ntrol for batch sampling and minimum dilution ratio for PM batch sampling.458.2.2 Gas analyser range validation, drift validation and drift correction 468.2.3 PM sampling media (e.g. filters) preconditioning and tare weighing .468.3 Sample system decontamination and preconditioning 488.3.1 Verificat
20、ion of HC contamination . 498.4 Pre-test procedures . 508.4.1 Preparation of the sampling filters . 508.4.2 Preconditioning .508.4.3 Engine cool down (NRTC) . 518.4.4 Preparation of measurement equipment for sampling .518.4.5 Calibration of gas analysers . 528.4.6 Adjustment of the dilution system 5
21、28.5 Engine starting and restarting 528.5.1 Engine start . 528.5.2 Engine stalling . 528.6 Test cycle running procedure 538.6.1 Test sequence for discrete steady-state test cycles .538.6.2 Ramped modal test cycles . 548.6.3 Transient test cycle (NRTC and LSI-NRTC) 558.7 Post-test procedures . 588.7.
22、1 Verification of proportional sampling 588.7.2 Post-test PM conditioning and weighing .588.7.3 Analysis of gaseous batch sampling . 598.7.4 Drift verification 609 Data evaluation and calculation 609.1 Gaseous emissions 609.1.1 General. 609.1.2 Sampling for gaseous emissions 609.1.3 Data evaluation
23、629.1.4 Calculation of mass emission . 629.1.5 Dry/wet correction .689.1.6 NOxcorrection for humidity and temperature .729.1.7 Cycle work and specific emissions 729.1.8 NH3data evaluation .749.2 Particulate mass emission 749.2.1 General. 749.2.2 Particulate sampling 759.2.3 Data evaluation 759.2.4 C
24、alculation of mass emission . 759.2.5 Effective weighting factor (steady-state discrete cycles only).809.3 Adjustment for emission controls that are regenerated on an infrequent (periodic) basis 819.4 Particle number emission . 819.4.1 Time alignment 81iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 81784:201
25、7ISO 8178-4:2017(E)7.5.3 Cycle types and applicability 357.6 Transient cycles . 397.6.1 Introduction 397.6.2 Non-road transient cycle (NRTC) . 397.6.3 Large spark-ignition non-road transient cycle .397.7 Test cycle generation 407.7.1 Generation of steady-state discrete-mode or RMC test cycles 407.7.
26、2 Generation of NRTC and LSI-NRTC . 418 Test run438.1 General test sequence 438.2 Instrument validation for test . 458.2.1 Validation of proportional flow control for batch sampling and minimum dilution ratio for PM batch sampling.458.2.2 Gas analyser range validation, drift validation and drift cor
27、rection 468.2.3 PM sampling media (e.g. filters) preconditioning and tare weighing .468.3 Sample system decontamination and preconditioning 488.3.1 Verification of HC contamination . 498.4 Pre-test procedures . 508.4.1 Preparation of the sampling filters . 508.4.2 Preconditioning .508.4.3 Engine coo
28、l down (NRTC) . 518.4.4 Preparation of measurement equipment for sampling .518.4.5 Calibration of gas analysers . 528.4.6 Adjustment of the dilution system 528.5 Engine starting and restarting 528.5.1 Engine start . 528.5.2 Engine stalling . 528.6 Test cycle running procedure 538.6.1 Test sequence f
29、or discrete steady-state test cycles .538.6.2 Ramped modal test cycles . 548.6.3 Transient test cycle (NRTC and LSI-NRTC) 558.7 Post-test procedures . 588.7.1 Verification of proportional sampling 588.7.2 Post-test PM conditioning and weighing .588.7.3 Analysis of gaseous batch sampling . 598.7.4 Dr
30、ift verification 609 Data evaluation and calculation 609.1 Gaseous emissions 609.1.1 General. 609.1.2 Sampling for gaseous emissions 609.1.3 Data evaluation 629.1.4 Calculation of mass emission . 629.1.5 Dry/wet correction .689.1.6 NOxcorrection for humidity and temperature .729.1.7 Cycle work and s
31、pecific emissions 729.1.8 NH3data evaluation .749.2 Particulate mass emission 749.2.1 General. 749.2.2 Particulate sampling 759.2.3 Data evaluation 759.2.4 Calculation of mass emission . 759.2.5 Effective weighting factor (steady-state discrete cycles only).809.3 Adjustment for emission controls tha
32、t are regenerated on an infrequent (periodic) basis 819.4 Particle number emission . 819.4.1 Time alignment 81iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 8178-4:2017(E)9.4.2 Determination of particle numbers for transient and ramped modal cycles (RMC) with a partial flow dilution or raw gas sampling system
33、.819.4.3 Determination of particle numbers for transient and ramped modal cycles (RMC) with a full flow dilution system 829.4.4 Determination of particle numbers for discrete-mode cycles with a partial flow dilution system.829.4.5 Determination of particle numbers for discrete-mode cycles with a ful
34、l flow dilution system.839.4.6 Test result 849.4.7 Determination of particle number background .859.5 Specific requirements for dual-fuel engines . 869.5.1 Emission test procedure requirements for dual-fuel engines .869.5.2 Determination of molar component ratios and ugasvalues for dual-fuel engines
35、 8910 Engine control area .9110.1 General remarks . 9110.2 Control area for engines tested to cycles C1, C2, E1 and H 9110.3 Control area for engines tested to cycles D1, D2, E2, G1, G2 and G3 .9410.4 Control area for engines tested to test cycle I .9410.5 Control area for engines tested to E3 and E
36、5 test cycle 9510.5.1 Control area for CI marine engines . 9510.5.2 Control area for engines tested to the E4 test cycle .9710.5.3 Control area for engines tested to the F cycle 98Annex A (normative) Steady-state discrete-mode test-cycles . 100Annex B (normative) Steady-state ramped modal test cycle
37、s (RMCs) 105Annex C (normative) Transient test cycles 111Annex D (informative) Calculation of the exhaust gas mass flow and/or of the combustion air mass flow 169Annex E (informative) Example programme for calculation of exhaust mass flows .189Annex F (informative) Example of calculation procedure (
38、raw/partial flow) .191Annex G (normative) Installation requirements for equipment and auxiliaries .194Annex H (normative) Molar based emission calculations 196Bibliography . 236 ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS ISO 81784:2017ISO 8178-4:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardi
39、zation) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to b
40、e represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used t
41、o develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of t
42、he ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified
43、 during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on
44、the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.The committee responsibl
45、e for this document is ISO/TC 70, Reciprocating internal combustion engines, Subcommittee SC 8, Exhaust emission measurement.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 8178-4:2007) which has been technically revised.A list of all the parts in the ISO 8178- series, can be found o
46、n the ISO website.vi ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 81784:2017ISO 8178-4:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out throu
47、gh ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collabora
48、tes closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval cr
49、iteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
