1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO/IEC 18046-2:2011Information technology Radio frequency identificationdevice performance testmethodsPart 2: Test methods for interrogatorperformanceBS ISO/IEC 18046-2:2011
2、BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC18046-2:2011. Together with BS ISO/IEC 18046-1 (in preparation) andBS ISO/IEC 18046-3, it will supersede BS ISO/IEC 18046:2006, whichwill be withdrawn upon publication of BS ISO/IEC 18046-1.The UK participation
3、 in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee IST/34, Automatic identification and data capturetechniques.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract.
4、 Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 74880 6ICS 35.040Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2011.Amendments i
5、ssued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO/IEC 18046-2:2011Reference numberISO/IEC 18046-2:2011(E)ISO/IEC 2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC18046-2First edition2011-03-15Information technology Radio frequency identification device performance test methods Part 2: Test methods for interrogator p
6、erformance Technologies de linformation Mthodes dessai des performances du dispositif didentification par radiofrquence Partie 2: Mthodes dessai des performances de linterrogateur BS ISO/IEC 18046-2:2011ISO/IEC 18046-2:2011(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordanc
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9、 Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise
10、 specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright off
11、ice Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 18046-2:2011ISO/IEC 18046-2:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduc
12、tion.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .2 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 2 5 Conditions applicable to the test methods.2 5.1 Number of interrogator to be tested2 5.2 Test environment.2 5.3 RF environment .3 5.4 Pre-conditioning 3 5.5 Default tolerance .3 5.6 Total measureme
13、nt uncertainty .3 5.7 Test result reporting3 5.8 Test communication parameters.3 5.9 Test equipment limits3 5.10 Human exposure to EMF 3 6 Setup of test equipment for interrogator test.4 6.1 Test apparatus and test circuits for ISO/IEC 18000-3 interrogators 4 6.2 Test apparatus and test circuits for
14、 ISO/IEC 18000-6 interrogators 4 6.3 Test apparatus and test circuits for ISO/IEC 18000-7 interrogators 4 7 Functional tests for inductive interrogators as defined in ISO/IEC 18000-2 and ISO/IEC 18000-3 .6 7.1 Interrogator Sensitivity in Listen Mode (Receiving Mode)6 7.2 Interference rejection (IRej
15、ection).7 7.3 Maximum Electromagnetic field exposure (MEexposure)9 7.4 Ratio between field radiated and power consumption9 7.5 Field strength distribution10 8 Functional tests for interrogators as defined in ISO/IEC 18000-611 8.1 General .11 8.2 Inductive UHF interrogators.11 9 Functional tests for
16、433,920 MHz propagative interrogators as defined in ISO/IEC 18000-712 9.1 Identification electromagnetic field threshold (ETHR Identification) and frequency tolerance.12 9.2 Reading/Writing electromagnetic field threshold (ETHR Read/Write) and frequency tolerance13 9.3 Sensitivity Directivity (SDire
17、ctivity).15 9.4 Interference rejection (IRejection).17 9.5 Maximum operating electromagnetic field (EMax Operating) .18 9.6 Survival electromagnetic field (ESurvival) 20 Bibliography22 BS ISO/IEC 18046-2:2011ISO/IEC 18046-2:2011(E) iv ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International O
18、rganization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the
19、 respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of inf
20、ormation technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft Internat
21、ional Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document m
22、ay be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 18046-2 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques. This
23、 first edition of ISO/IEC 18046-2, together with ISO/IEC 18046-1 and ISO/IEC 18046-3, will cancel and replace ISO/IEC 18046:2006. ISO/IEC 18046 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Radio frequency identification device performance test methods: Part 1: Test
24、 methods for system performance Part 2: Test methods for interrogator performance Part 3: Test methods for tag performance BS ISO/IEC 18046-2:2011ISO/IEC 18046-2:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved vIntroduction Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has broad applicability to the aut
25、omatic identification and data capture (AIDC) industry in item management. As a wireless communication technique based on radio frequency technology, the applications cover multiple levels of the industrial, commercial and retail supply chains. These can include freight containers, returnable transp
26、ort items (RTI), transport units, product packaging, and product tagging. Performance tests define test methods that deliver results that allow the comparison of different RFID systems, interrogator and tags in order to select among them for use in a particular application. The performance character
27、istics of devices (tags and interrogation equipment) can vary drastically due to application factors as well as the particular RFID air interface (frequency, modulation, protocol, etc.) being supported. Of key concern is the matching of the various performance characteristics to the user application
28、. Additionally, in an open environment, users of such technology demand multiple sources for these devices from technology providers. A key challenge is a method of evaluating the differences between various technology providers products in a consistent and equitable manner. This part of ISO/IEC 180
29、46 provides a framework for meeting the above noted concern and challenges. To this end, clear definitions of performance as related to user application of RFID technology in the supply chain are provided. Based on such application-based definitions, test methods are defined with attention to the te
30、st parameters required for a consistent evaluation of RFID devices. Of particular significance, these tests are defined for RFID devices having one antenna. It is common practice to have products with both single and multiple antennas to define an RFID transaction zone sufficient for the application
31、. The defined test methods used are for a single antenna, but can equivalently be extended to equipment with multiple antennas, in order to evaluate performance under conditions more closely matching those of a particular application. However care must be exercised in multiple-antenna measurement si
32、nce multiple antennas can cause antenna-to-antenna interactions, physical packaging limitations, mutual coupling issues, shadowing issues, directivity issues and other impacts, even with respect to interrogators since these can be limited in size, shape, and mounting method for many RFID application
33、s. BS ISO/IEC 18046-2:2011BS ISO/IEC 18046-2:2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 18046-2:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved 1Information technology Radio frequency identification device performance test methods Part 2: Test methods for interrogator performance 1 Scope This part of ISO/IEC 18046
34、 defines test methods for performance characteristics of RFID interrogators for item management, and specifies the general requirements and test requirements for interrogators which are applicable to the selection of the devices for an application. The summary of the test reports form a unified tag
35、datasheet. It does not apply to testing in relation to regulatory or similar requirements. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest editio
36、n of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 18000-2, Information technology Radio frequency identification for item management Part 2: Parameters for air interface communications below 135 kHz ISO/IEC 18000-3, Information technology Radio frequency identification for ite
37、m management Part 3: Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz ISO/IEC 18000-6, Information technology Radio frequency identification for item management Part 6: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz ISO/IEC 18000-7, Information technology Radio frequency i
38、dentification for item management Part 7: Parameters for active air interface communications at 433 MHz ISO/IEC 19762 (all parts), Information technology Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary ETSI EN 300 330-1, Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spect
39、rum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment in the frequency range 9 kHz to 25 MHz and inductive loop systems in the frequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods ETSI EN 300 330-2, Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
40、 Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment in the frequency range 9 kHz to 25 MHz and inductive loop systems in the frequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz Part 2: Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R Class B interrogator with radiated H-field level between 60 and 80 %
41、of the maximum radiated H-field allowed by local regulations; Class C interrogator with radiated H-field level between 40 and 60 % of the maximum radiated H-field allowed by local regulations; Class D interrogator with radiated H-field level between 20 and 40 % of the maximum radiated H-field allowe
42、d by local regulations; Class E interrogator with radiated H-field level between 0 and 20 % of the maximum radiated H-field allowed by local regulations. 7.5.2 Test procedure Measurement shall be done using local regulations test procedure (ETSI EN 300 330-1/2 and 47CFR15). This test gives a table o
43、f field strength measurements. Measurements are performed every 1 centimetre in the normal direction if the value measured is higher than 0,15 A/m. Measurements in other directions are performed every 1 centimetre for positions in the normal BS ISO/IEC 18046-2:2011ISO/IEC 18046-2:2011(E) ISO/IEC 201
44、1 All rights reserved 11direction having a measured value higher than 0,15 A/m. Measurements in other directions have to be done if the value measured is higher than 0,15 A/m. 7.5.3 Test report The test report shall give a table of electromagnetic field measurements. This would allow the user to est
45、imate the read range in all directions in front of the interrogator antenna. All parameters shall be recorded according to the example in Table 5. Table 5 Parameters recorded for Injected Power into the antenna Test:Power injected into the antenna of the interrogator Temperature: Humidity: Interroga
46、tor Type: Interrogator ID: Interrogator group: Air Interface Protocol between Interrogator and tag: Test Results Other Directions X and Y Y=xx Y=-1 Y=0 Y=1 Y=xx X=xx xx,xx xx,xx xx,xx xx,xx xx,xx X=-1 xx,xx xx,xx xx,xx xx,xx xx,xx X=0 xx,xx xx,xx xx,xx xx,xx xx,xx X=1 xx,xx xx,xx xx,xx xx,xx xx,xx N
47、ormal direction Z : 1 X=xx xx,xx xx,xx xx,xx xx,xx xx,xx Other Directions X and Y Y=xx Y=-1 Y=0 Y=1 Y=xx X=xx xx,xx xx,xx xx,xx xx,xx xx,xx X=-1 xx,xx xx,xx xx,xx xx,xx xx,xx X=0 xx,xx xx,xx xx,xx xx,xx xx,xx Normal direction Z : xxX=1 xx,xx xx,xx xx,xx xx,xx xx,xx X=xx 8 Functional tests for interr
48、ogators as defined in ISO/IEC 18000-6 8.1 General Function tests for ISO/IEC 18000-6 propagative interrogators will be the subject of future work and are not covered in this part of ISO/IEC 18046. 8.2 Inductive UHF interrogators The special case of functional tests for inductive interrogators as def
49、ined in ISO/IEC 18000-6 shall follow that of the ISO/IEC 18000-3 as detailed in Clause 7. BS ISO/IEC 18046-2:2011ISO/IEC 18046-2:2011(E) 12 ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved9 Functional tests for 433,920 MHz propagative interrogators as defined in ISO/IEC 18000-7 9.1 Identification electromagnetic field threshold (ETHR Identification) and frequency tolerance 9.1.1 Purpose This test determines the electromagnetic field threshold level required at the interrogator for tag identif
