1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO/IEC 19778-1:2015Information technology Learning, education andtraining Collaborativetechnology CollaborativeworkplacePart 1: Collaborative workplace data modelBS ISO/IEC 19778-1:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of IS
2、O/IEC19778-1:2015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee IST/43, Information technology for learning, educationand training.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to inclu
3、de all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 84784 4ICS 03.100.30; 35.240.99Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.
4、This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO/IEC 19778-1:2015Information technology Learning, education and training Collaborative technology
5、Collaborative workplace Part 1: Collaborative workplace data modelTechnologies de linformation Apprentissage, ducation et formation Technologies collaboratives Lieu de travail collaboratif Partie 1: Modle de donnes du lieu de travail collaboratifINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO/IEC19778-1Reference numberIS
6、O/IEC 19778-1:2015(E)Second edition2015-10-15 ISO/IEC 2015BS ISO/IEC 19778-1:2015ii ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise
7、in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de
8、Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgISO/IEC 19778-1:2015(E)BS ISO/IEC 19778-1:2015ISO/IEC 19778-1:2015(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 11.1 Statement of scope . 11.1.1 ISO/IEC 19778 . 11.1.2 This part of ISO/
9、IEC 19778 11.2 Subjects and aspects not currently addressed in ISO/IEC 19778 21.3 Excluded subjects and aspects in ISO/IEC 19778 21.4 Subjects and aspects addressed in related standards . 22 Normative references 23 Terms and definitions . 33.1 Terms and definitions used to specify a representation o
10、f a Data Model 33.2 Terms and definitions for the Data Model Elements of this and related standards 64 Abbreviated terms and acronyms 75 Collaborative workplace Data Model 85.1 Data Model representation . 85.2 Collaborative workplace Data Model diagram . 125.3 Collaborative workplace Data Model spec
11、ification 125.4 Supplementing information for DMEs of the CW DM .155.4.1 AE CW_General .155.4.2 DE CW_Name 155.4.3 DE CW_Description .155.4.4 AE CW_ID . 155.4.5 DE CW_ID_source .155.4.6 DE CW_ID_value .165.4.7 DE CW_Life-span .165.4.8 AE CW_Components .165.4.9 AE CE_ID-Ref .165.4.10 DE CE_ID-Ref_sou
12、rce .165.4.11 DE CE_ID-Ref_value.165.4.12 AE CG_ID-Ref 165.4.13 DE CG_ID-Ref_source .165.4.14 DE CG_ID-Ref_value 176 Conformance 17Annex A (informative) Alphabetical list of terms .19Annex B (informative) Minimalistic use case .20Annex C (informative) Rich use case 28Bibliography .35 ISO/IEC 2015 Al
13、l rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO/IEC 19778-1:2015ISO/IEC 19778-1:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO
14、or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations,
15、 governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
16、 described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn t
17、o the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
18、 on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity asses
19、sment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword Supplementary information .The committee responsible for this document is ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 36, Information technolo
20、gy for learning, education and training.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 199781:2008), of which it constitutes a minor revision.ISO/IEC 19778 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Learning, education and training Collaborat
21、ive technology Collaborative workplace: Part 1: Collaborative workplace data model Part 2: Collaborative environment data model Part 3: Collaborative group data modeliv ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 19778-1:2015ISO/IEC 19778-1:2015(E)IntroductionMany activities in the field of learning,
22、 education and training are collaborative in nature, involving turn-taking, statement-and-response or multi-thread discussions which, in turn, take place among participants over periods of time ranging from seconds to entire human generations. For example, a question posed via text messaging or emai
23、l might receive a response in a matter of seconds, minutes or hours; commentary on a historically-significant text might take place months, years or even generations after it has been written. A typical collaborative event is initiated by one participant, is usually received by several other partici
24、pants, refers to a previous collaborative event, and provides a response to it. Collaborative activities can be established in the widest imaginable range of circumstances, involving many different communicative forms and contents.The International Standards on collaborative technology for learning,
25、 education and training focus on a particular subset of these collaborative activities. All terms specifically defined in these International Standards are italicized throughout all parts of ISO/IEC 19778. This subset of activities is characterized by: information exchange in small or medium-sized c
26、ollaborative groups of participants (typically above two and below a few dozen) who collaborate over relatively short periods of time (typically several days to several months); information exchange taking place through the use of communication technology, using either a single, well-defined collabo
27、rative tool supporting collaborative functions, or a set of collaborative tools, organized in a collaborative environment; short intervals in establishing feedback on messages or expressions (generally seconds to hours); the exchange of relatively small information chunks (ranging between a single w
28、ord and a small number of paragraphs); a relatively high level of responsiveness among active collaborative group members; information exchanged among participants (due to a number of the factors listed above) tends to be highly context-dependent or -sensitive; important contextual information prese
29、nted by the relationship between these collaborative group members and the collaborative environment (and its subcomponents), which all together form a collaborative workplace.ISO/IEC 19778 consists of three parts: Part 1: Collaborative workplace data model provides a representation format for Data
30、Model specification, and specifies the Data Model structure and the Data Model Elements for the collaborative workplace in general. Part 2: Collaborative environment data model specifies the Data Model structure and the Data Model Elements for the technical infrastructure of a collaborative workplac
31、e. Part 3: Collaborative group data model specifies the Data Model structure and the Data Model Elements specifying and providing information for the membership of a collaborative workplace. ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved vBS ISO/IEC 19778-1:2015ISO/IEC 19778-1:2015(E)Figure 1 Entities defined in
32、ISO/IEC 19778Figure 1 illustrates the relationships among the three physical entities involved. Any collaborative workplace represents the combination of a particular collaborative environment and a particular collaborative group. While the physical entity collaborative workplace contains its collab
33、orative environment and its collaborative group, the Data Model instantiations for these physical entities (and the Data Models from which these instantiations are derived) are separate data entities.The Data Models specified by ISO/IEC 19778 provide the structure and the concepts for information wh
34、ich supports the understanding of the application intentions of collaborative workplaces and their components, is qualified for supporting the set-up and managing of collaborative workplaces, enables the specification of relationships among Data Model instantiations derived from ISO/IEC 19778 or amo
35、ng their Data Model Element instantiations, and enables the specification of relationships among anticipated, further Data Models or their Data Model Elements (or their instantiations), and the Data Models or their Data Model Elements of ISO/IEC 19778 (or their instantiations).The interrelationship
36、among a collaborative workplace and its collaborative environment and collaborative group, their associated Data Model instantiations, and the corresponding Data Models specified in ISO/IEC 19778 is illustrated in Figure 2.Figure 2 The interrelationship among a collaborative workplace and its collab
37、orative environment and collaborative group, their associated Data Model instantiations, and the Data Models specified in ISO/IEC 19778This part of ISO/IEC 19778 specifies a Data Model that provides general information on a collaborative workplace (in Figure 2, the outer frame to the left). A collab
38、orative workplace comprises a technical vi ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 19778-1:2015ISO/IEC 19778-1:2015(E)infrastructure (ISO/IEC 197782, Collaborative environment) and means of defining its membership (ISO/IEC 197783, Collaborative group).As illustrated in Figure 2, it is important t
39、o distinguish among (from left to right) the physical entities of a collaborative workplace, comprising its technical infrastructure and its members; the Data Model instantiations that are associated with these physical entities, and that are derived from their respective Data Models using any confo
40、rming binding; the Data Models provided by ISO/IEC 19778 and specifying the (binding-independent) rules for creating Data Model instantiations. ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved viiBS ISO/IEC 19778-1:2015BS ISO/IEC 19778-1:2015Information technology Learning, education and training Collaborative tech
41、nology Collaborative workplace Part 1: Collaborative workplace data model1 Scope1.1 Statement of scope1.1.1 ISO/IEC 19778ISO/IEC 19778 is applicable to collaborative technologies used to support communication among learners, instructors and other participants. The implementation and communicative us
42、e of these technologies entails the creation of information related to participant groups, and to the collaborative environments, functions and tools that are set up for, and used by, these groups. This part of ISO/IEC 19778:, together with its subsequent parts, defines Data Models that enable the p
43、ortability and reuse of this data in integrated form, and allow Data Model instantiations to be interchanged, stored, retrieved, reused or analysed by a variety of systems.NOTE 1 A typical case of reusing a particular collaborative workplace Data Model instantiation (and its interlinked collaborativ
44、e environment and collaborative group Data Model instantiations) is the automated set-up of new collaborative workplaces by using the specifications in the Data Model instantiations as templates.NOTE 2 The reason for providing the specification for a collaborative workplace using several Data Models
45、 and their instantiations is to provide flexibility in the further development of these standards in future editions. By providing optional references to potential further specifications or standards, this approach goes far beyond the parts of ISO/IEC 19778 and the limited number of information elem
46、ents provided by them.1.1.2 This part of ISO/IEC 19778This part of ISO/IEC 19778 specifies a table-based approach for defining Data Models. This Data Model specification is used for specifying the collaborative workplace Data Model. The same Data Model specification is also used in ISO/IEC 19778-2 a
47、nd ISO/IEC 19778-3 to define the related components of the collaborative environment (ISO/IEC 19778-2) and the collaborative group (ISO/IEC 19778-3) in separate Data Models.NOTE 1 This Data Model specification is also used in ISO/IEC 19780.The collaborative workplace Data Model specifies the Data Mo
48、del Elements and their interrelationships that enable the creation of collaborative workplace Data Model instantiations.Any conforming collaborative workplace Data Model instantiation describes or specifies a particular collaborative workplace with which it is associated.NOTE 2 How the association o
49、f a particular collaborative workplace Data Model instantiation and a particular collaborative workplace is implemented is outside the scope of this part of ISO/IEC 19778 (i.e. is dependent on the implementation of the used collaboration system).Any conforming collaborative workplace Data Model instantiation references Data Model instantiations for both a particular collaborative environment and a particular collaborative group;INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 19778-1:2015(E) ISO/IEC 2015 All right
