1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013Information technology Sensor networks:Sensor Network ReferenceArchitecture (SNRA)Part 1: General overview and requirementsBS ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013 BRITISH
2、STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC29182-1:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee IST/70, Sensor Networks.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This pub
3、lication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 72475 6ICS 35.110Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fr
4、omlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013Information technology Sensor networks: Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA) P
5、art 1: General overview and requirementsTechnologies de linformation Rseaux de capteurs: Architecture de rfrence pour rseaux de capteurs Partie 1: Vue densemble et exigences ISO/IEC 2013INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO/IEC29182-1First edition2013-06-01Reference numberISO/IEC 29182-1:2013(E)BS ISO/IEC 29182
6、-1:2013ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013(E)ii ISO/IEC 2013 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2013All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
7、, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail c
8、opyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013(E) ISO/IEC 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Conventions . 15 Overview of sensor networks 16 Characteristi
9、cs of sensor networks . 36.1 General . 36.2 Service provisioning for individual requirements . 36.3 Data gathering and pre-processing . 46.4 Collaborative information processing. 46.5 Maintenance-free operation 46.6 Dynamic network topology 46.7 Energy efficiency and operating lifetime . 46.8 Self-a
10、daptation 57 General requirements for sensor networks 57.1 Connectivity to other networks 57.2 Deployment and coverage . 57.3 Support of heterogeneous sensor networks . 57.4 Sensor node mobility support . 57.5 Power and energy management 57.6 QoS support . 57.7 Dynamic adaptation . 67.8 Context-awar
11、eness 67.9 Scalability 67.10 Privacy 67.11 Security 77.12 Sensor network management 77.13 Discovery capabilities . 77.14 Routing in sensor networks . 7Bibliography 8BS ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the Internation
12、al Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields o
13、f technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint
14、 technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee ar
15、e circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be
16、 held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO/IEC 29182-1 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology.ISO/IEC 29182 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Sensor networks: Sensor Network Reference Arch
17、itecture (SNRA): Part 1: General overview and requirements Part 2: Vocabulary and terminology Part 3: Reference architecture views Part 4: Entity models Part 5: Interface definitions Part 7: Interoperability guidelinesThe following part is under preparation: Part 6: Applicationsiv ISO/IEC 2013 All r
18、ights reservedBS ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013(E)IntroductionA wide range of applications has been proposed for sensor networks. In practice, however, sensor networks have been built and deployed for a relatively small number of applications. This is partly due to the lack of a business c
19、ase for certain applications and partly due to technical challenges in building a non-trivial sensor network of reasonable complexity. The main reason for this impediment is multi-disciplinary expertise such as sensors, communications and networking, signal processing, electronics, computing, and cy
20、ber security is required to design a sensor network. Presently, the design process is so complex that one can leverage little from one sensor network design to another. It appears as if one has to start from almost scratch every time one wishes to design and deploy a sensor network. Yet, upon closer
21、 inspection, there are many commonalities in instantiations of sensor networks that realize various applications. These commonalities include similarities in the choice of network architecture and the entities/functional blocks that are used in the architecture.The purpose of the ISO/IEC 29182 serie
22、s is to provide guidance to facilitate the design and development of sensor networks, improve interoperability of sensor networks, and make sensor networks plug-and-play, so that it becomes fairly easy to add/remove sensor nodes to/from an existing sensor network.The ISO/IEC 29182 series can be used
23、 by sensor network designers, software developers, and service providers to meet customer requirements, including any applicable interoperability requirements.The ISO/IEC 29182 series are comprised of seven parts. Brief descriptions of these parts are given next.Part 1 provides a general overview an
24、d the requirements for the sensor network reference architecture.Part 2 provides definitions for the terminology and vocabulary used in the reference architecture.Part 3 presents the reference architecture from various viewpoints, such as business, operational, system, technical, functional, and log
25、ical views.Part 4 categorizes the entities comprising the reference architecture into two classes of physical and functional entities and presents models for the entities.Part 5 provides detailed information on the interfaces among various entities in the reference architecture.Part 6 provides detai
26、led information on the development of International Standardized Profiles.Part 7 provides design principles for the reference architecture that take the interoperability requirements into account.There are no requirements for compliance in ISO/IEC 29182-1 to ISO/IEC 29182-7. Users should ensure that
27、 the sensor nodes, and the related sensor network, are compliant with the application or deployment governing body. ISO/IEC 2013 All rights reserved vBS ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013BS ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013Information technology Sensor networks: Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA) Part 1: General ove
28、rview and requirements1 ScopeThis part of ISO/IEC 29182 provides a general overview of the characteristics of a sensor network and the organization of the entities that comprise such a network. It also describes the general requirements that are identified for sensor networks.2 Normative referencesT
29、he following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO/IEC 29182-2, Information technology Sensor netw
30、orks: Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA) Part 2: Vocabulary and terminology3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 29182-2 apply.4 ConventionsIn this part of ISO/IEC 29182:The keywords “is required to” indicate a requirement whic
31、h must be strictly followed and from which no deviation is permitted if conformance to this document is to be claimed.The keywords “is recommended” indicate a requirement which is recommended but which is not absolutely required. Thus this requirement need not be present to claim conformance.The key
32、words “can optionally” and “may” indicate an optional requirement which is permissible, without implying any sense of being recommended. These terms are not intended to imply that the vendors implementation must provide the option and the feature can be optionally enabled by the network operator/ser
33、vice provider. Rather, it means the vendor may optionally provide the feature and still claim conformance with the specification.5 Overview of sensor networksA sensor network is a system of spatially distributed sensor nodes interacting with each other and, depending on application, with ICT (Inform
34、ation and Communication Technology) infrastructures, in order to acquire, process, and provide information about the physical world and optionally react to such information.This clause describes sensor networks from a communication perspective and a service provisioning perspective. Figures 1, 2 and
35、 3 illustrate from a communication perspective the overall architecture and logical arrangements of components in three classes of sensor networks. The sensor networks shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 gather information about their physical surroundings and deliver this information to the INTERNATIONAL S
36、TANDARD ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013(E) ISO/IEC 2013 All rights reserved 1BS ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013(E)sensor network user(s), and any of the communications links may be implemented using wired or wireless technologies: there is no constraint in principle on mixing communications technologi
37、es within a network.Figure 1 depicts a standalone sensor network that operates on its own and is isolated from other networks. This type of sensor network may be regarded as an ad hoc sensor network.Figure 1 Standalone sensor networkFigure 2 depicts the case where multiple sensor networks, two in th
38、e case of this figure, are interconnected via a gateway. Gateways can play various roles in a sensor network, as shown in Figures 1 and 2 and shortly in Figure 3.Figure 2 Interconnected sensor networksFigure 3 depicts sensor networks, two in the case of this figure, which are connected to a backbone
39、 network or other entities. In this case, gateways provide sensor networks with connectivity to other networks possibly through access networks.2 ISO/IEC 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013(E)Figure 3 Sensor networks connected to other networksSensor network applicati
40、ons may require application-layer technologies such as data processing (data integration, data filtering), sensor information description and presentation. Data are acquired by sensor nodes and either processed within the sensor network (e.g. sensor nodes in the sensor network) or by service provide
41、rs connected to the sensor networks, as in Figure 1 and Figure 2. Alternatively it can be transferred, through a backbone network, to applications and other entities such as service providers, as in Figure 3.As for service provisioning, sensor network services may be provided either by a sensor node
42、 directly or by a service provider. Users may request services, without an intermediary, from an arbitrary or a designated sensor node, as in the case of the users on the right side of Figure 1 and 2 or from a service provider, as in the case of the users on the left side of Figure 1, the middle par
43、t of Figure 2 and the right side of Figure 3. A service provider gathers sensor data either from sensor networks directly or through a backbone network and facilitates the negotiation of the service to be provided. In some cases, a user that requests services from a sensor node may be integrated wit
44、h that sensor node.6 Characteristics of sensor networks6.1 GeneralWired or wireless sensor networks have unique characteristics which differentiate them from traditional data networks. Sensor networks not only perform data transmission but also perform data acquisition, data processing, data aggrega
45、tion, data management, network management, resource management, automation (sensing and actuation), and other functions and services.Clause 6 identifies the unique characteristics of sensor networks which differentiate from traditional networks.6.2 Service provisioning for individual requirementsSen
46、sor network applications and services allow arbitrary and evolving types and grouping of users. For example, weather information may be provided to consumers such as tourists and fishermen as well as business partners such as airlines, shipping companies and travel agencies. Functions and services p
47、rovided by sensor networks may be quite diverse supporting many applications, market segments and types of users. ISO/IEC 2013 All rights reserved 3BS ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013(E)Users service requirements and expectations may be diverse and change depending on circumstances. Users ma
48、y ask for weather information from a service providing such information, however they may have different requirements depending on their circumstances and applications.A tourist is content with getting summary weather information once or twice a day for the short period of his/her vacation.A fisherm
49、an, on the other hand, may need periodic weather updates throughout the day as well as warnings for inclement weather conditions as soon as they become available. He would need such weather information for the duration of the fishing season.The crewmen of a ship travelling on high seas may request extended weather forecasts for the duration of their trip.A national centre for the study of the climate and weather patterns would need very detailed weather-related information from a wide array of sensors at high sampling r
