1、BSI Standards PublicationPD CEN/TR 10364:2016Steels and cast irons Determination of lead,cadmium, mercury, hexavalentchromium, polybrominatedbiphenyls (PBB) andpolybrominated diphenylethers(PBDE) with regard todirectives 2011/65/EU (RoHS)and 2000/53/EC (ELV) LimitationsPD CEN/TR 10364:2016 PUBLISHED
2、 DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR10364:2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ISE/102, Methods of Chemical Analysis for Iron and Steel.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on
3、request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 90484 4ICS 77.040.30; 77.080.01Compliance wi
4、th a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2016.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedPD CEN/TR 10364:2016TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECH
5、NISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 10364 March 2016 ICS 77.040.30; 77.080.01 English Version Steels and cast irons - Determination of lead, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE) with regard to directives 2011/65/EU (RoHS) and 2000/53/EC (E
6、LV) - Limitations Aciers et fontes - Dterminations du plomb, du cadmium, du mercure, du chrome hexavalent, des diphnyles polybroms (PBB) et des diphenylthers polybroms (PBDE) en relation avec les directives 2011/65/EU (RoHS) et 2000/53/EC (ELV) - Limites Stahl und Gusseisen - Bestimmung von Blei, Ca
7、dmium, Quecksilber, sechswertigem Chrom, polybromierten Biphenylen (PBB) und polybromierten Diphenylethern im Hinblick auf EU-Direktiven 2011/65/EU (RoHS) und 2000/53/EC (ELV) - Beschrnkungen This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 29 September 2015. It has been drawn up by the Technical Commit
8、tee ECISS/TC 102. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlan
9、ds, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights o
10、f exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 10364:2016 EPD CEN/TR 10364:2016CEN/TR 10364:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 1 Scope 4 2 Requirements and applicability . 4 2.1 General 4 2.2 Bulk materials . 4 2.2.1 Lead (Pb) . 4
11、 2.2.2 Cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) . 5 2.2.3 Hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) 5 2.2.4 Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE) . 5 2.3 Surface . 5 2.3.1 General 5 2.3.2 Hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) 5 3 Recommendation . 6 Bibliography 7 PD CEN/TR 10364:2016CEN/TR 10364:2016
12、 (E) 3 European foreword This document (CEN/TR 10364:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ECISS/TC 102 “Methods of chemical analysis for iron and steel”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This project was submitted to the vote with document reference FprCEN/TR 16895. Attention is dr
13、awn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. PD CEN/TR 10364:2016CEN/TR 10364:2016 (E) 4 1 Scope The present Technical Report gives guidance regarding the chemic
14、al composition controls of steels (except chrome plated products) and cast irons in respect of the European legislation, namely Directives 2011/65/EU (RoHS) 1, repealing 2002/95/EU and 2000/53/EC (ELV) 2. These directives require the characterization of these materials for Cadmium (Cd), hexavalent c
15、hromium (Cr (VI), mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE). Nevertheless, the directives do not reflect the correspondence between these elements/compounds and the normal composition of each material concerned. In other words, for every materia
16、l there is an obligation to determine all the compounds listed, independently of the relevance of such controls. 2 Requirements and applicability 2.1 General Directive 2011/65/EU, article 4, restricts the following substances to the maximum concentration values to the following concentrations: Lead:
17、 0,1 %; Mercury: 0,1 %; Cadmium: 0,01 %; Hexavalent chromium: 0,1 %; Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB): 0,1 %; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE): 0,1 %. Steel and cast iron manufacturers are often required to state/provide compliance with the directives above and submit analytical results for each
18、of those elements/compounds. However, due to the manufacturing processes and the inherent properties of the steels and cast irons, the determination of most of the compounds listed is not applicable or relevant. Subclauses 2.2 and 2.3 details the relevance of these requirements. 2.2 Bulk materials 2
19、.2.1 Lead (Pb) Due to a 1 755 C boiling point, lead is the single element among the six compounds specified in the directives which can be present in the steels and cast irons. NOTE For stainless steel production using the Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD) converter process or equivalent, the lead
20、content in the alloy will be considerably decreased to orders of magnitude below the directives requirements levels. In contrast to cadmium and mercury, lead is also possible to detect and quantify on a reproducible base by using standardized methods as EN 10181 3, EN 62321 4, EN 62321-1 5 or ISO 16
21、918-1 6. PD CEN/TR 10364:2016CEN/TR 10364:2016 (E) 5 2.2.2 Cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) With high temperature required during the melting processes and because of their physic-chemical properties, cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) are normally absent in steels and cast irons. The temperature required f
22、or melting iron based alloys is at least 1 400 C, whereas the boiling temperatures of Cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) are 767 C and 357 C respectively. In other words, these elements will evaporate during the melting process and cannot be present in an easily quantifiable amount in the steels and cast
23、 irons. There are analytical techniques available and appropriate for the determination of both these elements below 1 g/g as, for example, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry or electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). Howe
24、ver for the physical reasons above, i.e. the “absence of content”, it remains impossible to verify the robustness of the procedures for such aims: this includes selecting the most appropriate dissolution procedures and also the unavailability of appropriate reference materials. 2.2.3 Hexavalent chro
25、mium Cr (VI) According to the document “hexavalent chromium in steels, cobalt, nickel and zirconium based alloys” 7 the occurrence of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI) in steel is purely hypothetical. This is due to the physical nature of metallic bonding where ions cannot exist. 2.2.4 Polybrominated bip
26、henyls (PBB) and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE) The most common types of polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE) homologues are penta-, octo- and deca- bromodiphenyl ethers and hexa-, octo- and deca- bromobiphenyl ethers. They are extremely stable compounds with
27、 boiling points in the range of about 300 to 500 C. Investigations 8 have shown that polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) decompose by pyrohydrolysis at temperatures ranging from 600 to 900 C, i.e. significantly lower than in the steel making process and that the main part of polybrominated diphenylethers
28、 (PBDE) in fly ash from electric arc furnaces are destroyed or removed by thermal treatment at 1 450 C 9. Thus it shall be concluded that these compounds cannot be present in the steel (or cast iron) itself. 2.3 Surface 2.3.1 General The as-delivered products from the steel plants or foundries are c
29、ontrolled and protected. However, as for any material, the surface of steel and cast iron products may get contaminated or may undergo surface reactions. In some circumstances, due to further processing or treatments, this may result in presence of un-wanted substances on the surface. 2.3.2 Hexavale
30、nt chromium Cr (VI) Due to some surface treatment, hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI) is the single substance among the six elements/compounds specified in the directives which may be found on the surface of the steels and cast irons. However a positive detection of this ion on the surface of any steel or
31、 cast iron shall not be put in correspondence with the bulk material composition. For the control of this ion, standardized methods are available as, for example, EN 62321. PD CEN/TR 10364:2016CEN/TR 10364:2016 (E) 6 3 Recommendation When receiving requirements related with Directives 2011/65/EU (Ro
32、HS), 2002/95/EU and 2000/53/EC, it is recommended to take the information given in the present Technical Report into account. In other words, the single compounds relevant to be determined are: lead in the bulk materials (see NOTE in 2.2.1); hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI) on the surface of some produc
33、ts (see 2.3.2). PD CEN/TR 10364:2016CEN/TR 10364:2016 (E) 7 Bibliography 1 Directive 2011/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2011 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (RoHS) 2 Directive 2000/53/EC of the Europ
34、ean Parliament and of the Council of 18 September 2000 on end-of life vehicles (ELV) 3 EN 10181, Chemical analysis of ferrous materials - Determination of lead in steels - Flame atomic absorption spectrometric method 4 EN 62321, Electrotechnical products Determination of levels of six regulated subs
35、tances (lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers) (IEC 62321) 5 EN 62321-1, Determination of certain substances in electrotechnical products Part 1: Introduction and overview (IEC 62321-1) 6 ISO 16918-1, Steel and iron Determination of nin
36、e elements by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric method Part 1: Determination of tin, antimony, cerium, lead and bismuth 7 Hexavalent Chromium in steels, cobalt, nickel and zirconium based alloys, issued by Swerea KIMAB 8 IPCS/INCHEM, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Health
37、 and Safety Guide No. 83 9 MING LIN YI., ZHOU S.-Q. et al. Emissions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers during the thermal treatment for electric arc furnace fly ash. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 2012, 12 pp. 237250 This page deliberately left blankThis page deliberately left blankBSI is the national body
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