1、PD CEN/TR13688:2008ICS 13.030.50; 55.020NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPackaging Materialrecycling Reporton requirementsfor substances andmaterials to prevent asustained impedimentto recyclingThis Published Documentwas published under theautho
2、rity of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 31 August2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 60904 6Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsPD CEN/TR 13688:2008National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR13688:2008.The UK participation in its preparatio
3、n was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PKW/0, Packaging.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance
4、 with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.PD CEN/TR 13688:2008TECHNICAL REPORTRAPPORT TECHNIQUETECHNISCHER BERICHTCEN/TR 13688July 2008ICS 13.030.50; 55.020 Supersedes CR 13688:2000 English VersionPackaging - Material recycling - Report on requirements forsubstances and m
5、aterials to prevent a sustained impediment torecyclingEmballages - Recyclage matire - Rapport sur lesexigences relatives aux substances et aux matriauxdestins viter tout obstacle durable en recyclageVerpackung - Stoffliche Verwertung - Bericht berAnforderungen fr Substanzen und Materialien zurVerhin
6、derung einer andauernden Behinderung derstofflichen VerwertungThis Technical Report was approved by CEN on 1 June 2008. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 261.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Fi
7、nland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMI
8、TEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. CEN/TR 13688:2008: EPD CEN/TR 13688:2008CEN/TR 13688:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 6
9、2 Normative references 6 3 Definitions 6 4 Recycling 6 5 Material examples7 Bibliography 18 PD CEN/TR 13688:2008CEN/TR 13688:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 13688:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 261 “Packaging”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This document
10、 supersedes CR 13688:2000. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This report has been prepared by CEN/TC 261 SC 4 WG 3 in su
11、pport of the Standards Mandated in M200 Rev 3, in particular the Principal Standard EN 13430 “Packaging - Requirements for packaging recoverable by material recycling“. PD CEN/TR 13688:2008CEN/TR 13688:2008 (E) 4 Introduction The Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive states the essential requireme
12、nts that must be satisfied for packaging to be placed on the market, and includes the requirements for that packaging to be considered recoverable. Recovery by material recycling is largely influenced by the materials used for packaging and the condition in which they arrive at the recycling operati
13、ons. The materials and substances used in their manufacture and also the products contained can and will influence the collection, sorting and recycling operations. This report provides examples covering the main packaging materials and can be used as a guide for taking into account substances and m
14、aterials that may be incorporated in packaging and which may, or do, inhibit subsequent operations related to recycling. The Mandate M200 Rev 3 sets out the requirements for a number of principal standards and supporting reports. For Material Recycling, the mandate states the requirement for : the s
15、tandard intended to give presumption of conformity with the essential requirements for packaging recoverable in the form of material recycling shall be in line with Annex 2, Clause 1, indent 1, 2 and 3 and Annex 2 Clause 3.(a) of the Directive. The requirements shall take into account : substances o
16、r materials that are liable to create problems in the recycling process ; materials, combinations of materials or designs of packaging, that are liable to create problems in collecting and sorting before material recycling ; the presence of substances or materials that are liable to have a negative
17、influence on the quality of the recycled material. The standard EN 13430 sets out the basis on which packaging may be classified as recoverable by recycling. This is one of the routes for the recovery of used packaging, with the inter-relationship between the various routes being covered in the stan
18、dard EN 13427. The standard EN 13430 requires that the design, choice of materials and the manufacturing operations of packaging take into account the activities through which the used packaging will go when processed through the expected recovery operations. In particular that standard deals with t
19、he need to take into account the collection, sorting and recycling of the materials. A good standard should be clear and unambiguous, readily and easily understood and enable the determination of whether the activity/product conforms to the requirements. As far as possible it must also be such that
20、it has a longevity, by not being outdated by failing to cover all the issues that fall within its intended scope, or by the inevitable developments - technical and commercial - which are stimulated by the legal requirements, and even by the standard itself. It is not appropriate for a standard to li
21、st “substances and materials that create problems.” as this will lead to the failure to satisfy the above requirement of a good standard, in that such a list may never be complete, and if a substance or material is not on the list it could justifiably be considered as fully acceptable. Also, technol
22、ogy is constantly being developed, and the so called problem materials may become no longer a problem. A standard needs to avoid being prescriptive with the resultant fundamental principle that it is not the role of a standard to provide definitive lists, but rather to provide the basis on which any
23、 such defined lists are controlled/assessed or measured. PD CEN/TR 13688:2008CEN/TR 13688:2008 (E) 5 In practice, the recycling of used products is determined not only by the collection, sorting and recycling process, but also by the application in which the recycled material is expected to be used.
24、 The requirements of the application in which the recycled materials are to be used can have a far greater effect on the decision on whether a “substance or material“ will cause a problem in the recycling process. Therefore the Mandate is right in requiring the standard to “take account of substance
25、s and materials that are liable to cause problems”, and not to establish a list, which for the above reasons could never be correct. This report therefore provides some examples of the substances, materials and components that need to be considered in the design and control of the packaging as defin
26、ed in the standard EN 13430. PD CEN/TR 13688:2008CEN/TR 13688:2008 (E) 6 1 Scope This Report provides some examples of substances and materials that may cause a sustained impediment in the recycling activities, and is intended to assist in the assessment requirements set out in the standard EN 13430
27、. It describes substances or materials which cause problems or inhibit the recycling process, or which have a negative influence on the quality of recycled material, and for which it is considered that technological solutions will not be developed in the near future. These examples are however quali
28、fied by the fact that the recycling operations can vary from region to region and state to state, that technology is constantly changing, and that the use to which the recycled material is put will also determine whether such substances and materials are a problem. 2 Normative references The followi
29、ng referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 643, Paper and board European list of standard grades of
30、recovered paper and board EN 13193, Packaging Packaging and the environment Terminology EN 13427, Packaging Requirements for the use of European Standards in the field of packaging and packaging waste EN 13430, Packaging Requirements for packaging recoverable by material recycling EN 13437, Packagin
31、g and material recycling Criteria for recycling methods Description of recycling processes and flow chart 3 Definitions For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13193 apply. 4 Recycling The European Standard EN 13437 provides a general description of the material flows
32、 from manufacture and use of packaging and the recovery by recycling for a reuse of the materials for either packaging or other applications. The document also provides a brief description of the main recycling operations for each of the main material sectors. The description underlines that recycli
33、ng technology is being constantly developed with new techniques emerging, and recycling needs can vary significantly from country to country due to the form in which the packaging arrives in the waste stream, and also the applications in which the recycled materials will be used. Whilst there may be
34、 similarities in packaging materials and recycling activities across the member states, there is no automatic and common position that can be predicted from one country to another. An example of this can be seen in the recycling of glass. The specification for the segregation of coloured glass varie
35、s. For example in the UK only very low levels of cross contamination of colour can be accommodated as the manufacture of new glass bottles is fairly evenly divided between clear (flint), amber and green. In France however, green bottles dominate, and as green is more tolerant of colour mixing, less
36、segregation of colours in the collected waste is required. However, this position could be expected to change as collection and recycling increases to a level beyond that accommodated by the green fraction of new production. PD CEN/TR 13688:2008CEN/TR 13688:2008 (E) 7 Thus in presenting the data in
37、this report, the information can only be considered as examples of the issues that should be considered in the design of packaging, and the need to take into account the effect that the materials and construction may have in the subsequent recycling operations. In providing examples of substances an
38、d materials that may cause problem in recycling, a number of issues need to be considered. These include: the range of packaging materials ; the form in which the packaging exists ; the collection/sorting and recycling operations available in the location where the packaging completes its functional
39、 life ; the use to which the recycled material is to be put. The following examples include data from current and typical specifications associated with used packaging supplied for recycling on a commercial and practical basis. It should be noted that these specifications can also vary from location
40、 to location. The largest single classification of problem substances is not with the substances, materials and components that make up the packaging to be recovered, but with those associated with contamination of the packaging. This contamination comes from the residues of the contents, from other
41、 external contamination resulting from the use of the packaging, or from the collection and sorting processes. The contamination may usually be very small in quantity but, either through a hazardous nature of the contamination, or an inhibition in the use to which the recycled material can be put, c
42、an result in a disproportionate level of problem. 5 Material examples Packaging is produced from a wide range of materials, and combinations of materials, selected according to the functional requirements of the packaging application. Though all these materials are readily recyclable, they can provi
43、de a major impediment to the recycling operation if they become mixed. Glass packaging in a plastic recycling operation, metals in a glass recycling operation, excessive plastic in a paper recycling operation, etc. are examples where fully acceptable materials and substances can lead to problems in
44、recycling other materials. In the following tables examples of materials and substances which cause problems in the recycling operations of each of the main packaging materials are given. These materials and substances may be integral with the packaging, they may arise from other packaging or other
45、impurities becoming mixed in the collection operations, or from contamination associated with the contents, or externally from the use of the packaging. The tables are as follows : Table 1 Aluminium ; Table 2 Glass ; Table 3 Paper and Board ; Table 4 Plastic ; Table 5 Steel ; Table 6 Wood. PD CEN/TR
46、 13688:2008CEN/TR 13688:2008 (E) 8 Table 1 - Aluminium Packaging recoverable by material recycling Reference to standard EN 13430 B.2 Design Criteria NOTE 3 Materials and substances integral with the packaging Comments i) Separability of components - Beverage and food cans require no separation as t
47、he lids, tabs and body are in similar alloying elements. - Composite containers should easily be separated to allow source separation by the user or separation during the collection and sorting stage. - Semi-rigid and flexible aluminium foil packaging can be separated at source by the user. The majo
48、rity of aluminium rigid and semi-rigid packaging is single material of similar alloying elements, which ensures that closed loop (can-to-can recycling) or open loop recycling (into other aluminium products) is feasible. Non aluminium components or substances are effectively removed during the collec
49、tion and sorting processes, at the input side to the recycling process, or during processing. - Foil laminates require specifically adapted separation and recovery processes which allow for material recycling and/or incineration with energy recovery. Separation normally involves the recovery of the aluminium fraction using a thermal process which results in the destruction of the laminating ply, with an associated energy or by-product recovery. Small aluminium packaging items are increasingly collected and recycled from the bo
