1、BSI Standards PublicationSurface for sports areas Method of test for the determination of shock absorption, vertical deformation and energy restitution using the advanced artificial athletePD CEN/TS 16717:2015National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TS 16717:2015.The
2、document has been produced as a Technical Specification as itdescribes a new method of measuring the dynamic properties of sportssurfaces. Whilst the procedure has been used for several years on long pilesynthetic turf sports surfaces, there is little experience of using it on lowshock absorbing and
3、 deforming surfaces. Additionally, the current calculation of energy restitution and its relevance is currently being furtherresearched.The UK technical committee advises that users of this TechnicalSpecification should be aware of the following:The test results recorded on systems below 25% shock a
4、bsorption should be used as indicative and not definitive.The test results recorded on systems below 4 mm deformation should be used as indicative and not definitive.Energy restitution calculation may differ in the future when current research is completed.The UK participation in its preparation was
5、 entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PRI/57, Surfaces for sports areas.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct applicatio
6、n. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 81703 8ICS 59.080.60; 97.220.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy
7、 Committee on 31 March 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TS 16717:2015TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 16717 March 2015 ICS 59.080.60; 97.220.10 English Version Surface for sports areas - Method
8、 of test for the determination of shock absorption, vertical deformation and energy restitution using the advanced artificial athlete Sols sportifs - Mthode dessai de dtermination de labsorption des chocs, de la dformation verticale et de la restitution dnergie, au moyen de lathlte artificiel amlior
9、Sportbden - Prfverfahren zur Bestimmung des Kraftabbaus, der vertikalen Verformung und der Energierckgabe mit dem weiterentwickelten knstlichen Sportler This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 14 July 2014 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is lim
10、ited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and
11、to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national stand
12、ards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slo
13、venia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserve
14、d worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 16717:2015 ECEN/TS 16717:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms, definitions and symbols .5 3.1 Terms and definitions .5 3.2 Symbols 6 4 Principles 6 5 Test specimens 6 5.1 General 6 5.2 Point-elastic and mixed-elasti
15、c sports surfaces 6 5.3 Area-elastic and combined-elastic sports 7 5.4 Synthetic turf and textile sports surfaces .7 6 Laboratory tests conditions .7 6.1 Characteristics of the laboratory floor 7 6.2 Conditioning and Test Temperature 7 7 Site tests conditions 7 8 Test Apparatus .7 9 Verification of
16、impact speed 10 9.1 General . 10 10 Checking of force on concrete 11 11 Test procedure 11 11.1 General . 11 11.2 Method A 11 11.3 Method B 12 11.4 Calculation of Shock Absorption and expression of results . 12 11.5 Calculation of Deformation and expression of results . 12 11.6 Calculation of Energy
17、Restitution and expression of results 13 11.7 Checking of the algorithm . 14 Annex A (informative) Positions for laboratory tests on test specimens of indoor area elastic and combined floor 15 A.1 General . 15 A.2 Area-elastic sports floor with elastic construction (Figures A.1 to A.5) . 15 A.2.1 Ke
18、y . 15 A.2.2 Positioning of the system measuring spots 15 A.3 Area-elastic sports floor with elastic construction (Figures A.6 to A.10) . 17 A.3.1 Key . 17 A.3.2 Positioning of the system measuring spots 18 A.4 Area-elastic sports floor with elastic construction (Figures A.11 to A.15) . 20 A.4.1 Key
19、 . 20 A.4.2 Positioning of the system measuring spots 20 PD CEN/TS 16717:2015CEN/TS 16717:2015 (E) 3 A.5 Area-elastic sports floor with elastic construction (Figures A.16 to A.19) . 22 A.5.1 Key 22 A.5.2 Positioning of the system measuring spots . 22 A.6 Area-elastic sports floor with elastic constr
20、uction (Figures A.20 to A.23) . 23 A.6.1 Key 24 A.6.2 Positioning of the system measuring spots . 24 A.7 Area-elastic sports floor with elastic construction (Figures A.24 to A.25) . 25 A.7.1 Key 25 A.7.2 Positioning of the system measuring spots . 25 A.8 Site test . 26 A.9 Positioning of the system
21、measuring spots for indoor point elastic and mixed floors 27 A.9.1 Laboratory test 27 A.9.2 Site test . 27 A.10 Positioning of the system measuring spots for surface for sports areas (EN 14877 and EN 15330) 27 A.10.1 Laboratory test 27 A.10.2 Site test . 27 Annex B (normative) Expression of results
22、28 Annex C (informative) Example of raw data and theoretical results to check algorithm 29 PD CEN/TS 16717:2015CEN/TS 16717:2015 (E) 4 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 16717:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 217 “Surfaces for sports areas”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR
23、. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizati
24、ons of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
25、Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. PD CEN/TS 16717:2015CEN/TS 16717:2015 (E) 5 1 Scope This Technical Specification specifies a method of test for measuring the shock absorption, vertical deformation,
26、and energy restitution characteristics of sports surfaces. It is not considered appropriate for rigid sports surfaces that have shock absorbing properties of 10 % FR (Force reduction) or less. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this doc
27、ument and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12229, Surfaces for sports areas - Procedure for the preparation of synthetic turf and n
28、eedle-punch test pieces EN 12504-2, Testing concrete in structures - Part 2: Non-destructive testing - Determination of rebound number 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 shock absorption (SA)
29、ability of a sports surface to reduce the impact force of a body falling onto the surface Note 1 to entry: This reduction in impact force is expressed as a percentage reduction in force (Force Reduction) when compared to a reference force of 6760 N, which is the theoretical maximum impact force that
30、 could occur when the test is undertaken on a rigid non shock absorbing surface (e.g.) concrete. 3.1.2 deformation (D) measure of how far a test foot compresses or penetrates into the surface when a standard impact force is applied 3.1.3 energy restitution (ER) measure of the energy returned by the
31、sports surface after the impact force has been applied 3.1.4 energy restitution coefficient ratio of the dynamic load energy applied to the surface to the energy returned by the surface (R) 3.1.5 sports surface all components including the playing surface and sub-surface that may influence the dynam
32、ic properties of the surface. These may include shockpads or dynamic base constructions for synthetic turf systems, battens and sub-assemblies for indoor flooring structures, etc 3.1.6 point elastic sports surface sports floor, to which the application of a point force causes deflection only at or c
33、lose to the point of application of the force PD CEN/TS 16717:2015CEN/TS 16717:2015 (E) 6 3.1.7 mixed elastic sports surface point-elastic sports floor with a synthetic area-stiffening component 3.1.8 area elastic sports surface sports floor, to which the application of a point force causes deflecti
34、on over a relatively large area around the point of application of the force 3.1.9 combined elastic sports surface area-elastic sports floor with a point-elastic top layer, to which the application of a point force causes both localized deflection and deflection over a wider area 3.2 Symbols The fol
35、lowing symbols are used in formulas and text throughout this document: F Force in Newtons; A Acceleration in ms2; g Acceleration due to gravity; SA Shock absorption in %; D Deformation in mm; R Coefficient of restitution; E Energy in Joules; t time in second 4 Principles A mass with a spring attache
36、d to it is allowed to fall onto the test piece and from the recorded acceleration of the mass from the moment of release until after its impact with the test piece. The following described parameters are calculated. Shock absorption (SA) is the percentage reduction in the measured maximum force (Fma
37、x) relative to the reference force (Fref). Deformation is calculated by double integration of the record of Acceleration vs. time. Energy restitution coefficient is calculated from the Force vs. Deformation curve. 5 Test specimens 5.1 General The test specimen shall comprise the entire sports surfac
38、ing system. 5.2 Point-elastic and mixed-elastic sports surfaces For point-elastic and mixed-elastic sports surfaces the test piece shall be a piece of the surface of minimum size 1,0 m by 1,0 m, in combination with the supporting layers to be used in service and using the recommended method of attac
39、hment in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. PD CEN/TS 16717:2015CEN/TS 16717:2015 (E) 7 5.3 Area-elastic and combined-elastic sports For area-elastic and combined-elastic sports surfaces, the test piece shall be a sample of the complete surfacing system measuring 3,5 m by 3,5 m, assembl
40、ed and installed in accordance with the manufacturers stated method, on a substrate complying with the manufacturers requirements. 5.4 Synthetic turf and textile sports surfaces Laboratory test pieces of synthetic turf and textile sports surfaces shall be prepared in accordance with EN 12229. 6 Labo
41、ratory tests conditions 6.1 Characteristics of the laboratory floor The laboratory test floor shall be a concrete floor of minimum thickness 100 mm. The surface hardness when measured in accordance with EN 12504-2 shall be 40 MPa. 6.2 Conditioning and Test Temperature For tests in the laboratory, co
42、ndition the test piece for a minimum of 24 h at the test temperature. Unless otherwise specified the test temperature shall be 23 C 2 C. 7 Site tests conditions Tests on site shall be made at the prevailing ambient temperature and humidity, which shall be recorded and reported. 8 Test Apparatus 8.1
43、The principle of the test apparatus is shown in Figure 1 and consists of the following essential components specified in 8.2 to 8.9. PD CEN/TS 16717:2015CEN/TS 16717:2015 (E) 8 Keys 1 guide for the falling mass 2 electric magnet 3 falling mass 4 accelerometer 5 spring 6 test foot Figure 1 Test appar
44、atus 8.2 Falling mass (3), incorporating a helical metal spring and steel test foot and fitted with an accelerometer, having a total mass of 20,0 kg 0,1 kg. 8.3 Helical steel spring (5), whose characteristic is linear (measured with maximum increments of 1000 N) with a spring rate of 2000 N/mm 60 N/
45、mm over the range 0,1 kN to 7,5 kN. The axis of the spring shall be vertical and shall be directly below the centre of gravity of the falling mass. The spring shall have three coaxial coils that shall be rigidly fixed together at their ends. The mass of the spring shall be 0,80 kg 0,05 kg. 8.4 Steel
46、 test foot (6) having a lower side rounded to a radius of 500 mm 50 mm; an edge radius of 1 mm; a diameter 70 mm 1 mm and a minimum thickness of 10 mm. The mass of the test foot shall be 400 g 50 g. 8.5 Test frame with minimum of three adjustable supporting feet, no less than 250 mm from the point o
47、f application of the load for point and mixed elastic surfaces and no less than 600 mm from the point of application of the load for area and combined elastic surfaces. The design of the supporting feet shall ensure the weight of the test apparatus is equally distributed on all the feet. The pressur
48、e (with the mass) on each foot shall be less than 0,020 N/mm2and the pressure (without the mass) on each foot shall be greater than 0,003 N/mm2. The complete system shall have a mass of 50 kg. PD CEN/TS 16717:2015CEN/TS 16717:2015 (E) 9 8.6 A piezo-resistive accelerometer with following characterist
49、ics: measuring range: 50 g; 3 dB upper frequency response: 1 kHz; linearity error: 2 %. The accelerometer shall be firmly attached to avoid natural filtering and the generation of spurious signals. 8.7 Means of supporting the mass (2) that allows the falling height to be set with an uncertainty of no greater than 0,25 mm. 8.8 Means of conditioning and recording the signal from the acceleration sensing device and a means of displaying the recorded signal. (see Figure 2, below): sampling rate minimum: 9600 Hz; elec
