1、BSI Standards PublicationSuperconductivityPart 20: Superconducting wires Categories of practical superconductingwires General characteristics andguidancePD IEC/TR 61788-20:2014National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of IEC/TR 61788-20:2014.The UK participation in its prepar
2、ation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee L/-/90, Super Conductivity.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct applicat
3、ion. The British Standards Institution 2014.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 87161 0ICS 29.050Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee o
4、n 31 August 2014.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD IEC/TR 61788-20:2014IEC TR 61788-20 Edition 1.0 2014-07 TECHNICAL REPORT Superconductivity Part 20: Superconducting wires Categories of practical superconducting wires General characteristics and gu
5、idance INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION R ICS 29.050 PRICE CODE ISBN 978-2-8322-1779-5 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. PD IEC/TR 61788-20:2014 2 IEC TR 61788-20:2014 I
6、EC 2014 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 4 INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions 7 4 Categories of practical SC wires 7 5 Technical sheet assisting in the specification and the use of practical SC wires. 8 6 Class of practical SC wires 8 7 Product parameters . 8 8 Joints 8 9
7、 Appearance . 8 10 Quality assurance 8 11 Test methods . 8 12 Inspection 9 13 Shipping label 9 Annex A (informative) Structural characteristics of practical SC wires 10 A.1 General . 10 A.2 Overview of SC materials 10 A.3 Overview of functional components . 10 A.3.1 Matrix materials . 10 A.3.2 Stabi
8、lizer . 11 A.3.3 Reinforcing component 11 A.3.4 Insulation . 11 Annex B (informative) Classes of practical SC wires 13 B.1 Nb-Ti group . 13 B.2 Nb3Sn group . 13 B.3 MgB214 B.4 BSCCO group . 15 B.5 REBCO group . 15 Annex C (informative) Technical information assisting in the specification and use of
9、practical SC wires 17 C.1 General . 17 C.2 Product parameters 17 C.3 Appearance 17 C.4 Quality assurance . 17 C.5 Test methods 17 C.6 Technical record . 18 Bibliography 19 PD IEC/TR 61788-20:2014IEC TR 61788-20:2014 IEC 2014 3 Table B.1 Constituents composing the Nb-Ti group SC wires . 13 Table B.2
10、Constituents composing the Nb3Sn group SC wires . 14 Table B.3 Constituents composing the MgB2SC wires 14 Table B.4 Constituents composing the BSCCO SC wires . 15 Table B.5 Constituents composing REBCO SC wires . 16 PD IEC/TR 61788-20:2014 4 IEC TR 61788-20:2014 IEC 2014 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNIC
11、AL COMMISSION _ SUPERCONDUCTIVITY Part 20: Superconducting wires Categories of practical superconducting wires General characteristics and guidance FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical
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19、6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property dam
20、age or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this pub
21、lication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
22、such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for
23、 example “state of the art“. IEC 61788-20, which is a technical report, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 90: Superconductivity. PD IEC/TR 61788-20:2014IEC TR 61788-20:2014 IEC 2014 5 The text of this technical report is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 90/
24、335/DTR 90/344/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts of the IEC 61788-20 series, publishe
25、d under the general title Superconductivity, can be found on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At
26、 this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. PD IEC/TR 61788-20:2014 6 IEC TR 61788-20:2014 IEC 2014 INTRODUCTION Superconducting (SC) wires are a central and often enabli
27、ng technology of many important industrial products. Consensus-based standards for SC wires greatly facilitate the creation of procurement specifications, design and engineering of components, certification of quality, description of operating devices, and generalization of use in industrial technol
28、ogies. The present technical report (TR IEC61788-20) provides a description of the general features of practical SC wires. The practical low temperature superconducting (LTS) wires have been used extensively in a variety of applications since the late 1960s. These applications include magnetic reson
29、ance imaging magnets, research and accelerator magnets, and systems for cutting-edge scientific research. High temperature superconductors (HTS), discovered in 1986, allow operation of superconductor-based technologies with less expensive and more efficient refrigeration systems. These new materials
30、 will provide wires that will enable new applications, some of which may not be possible with LTS wires. Many fabrication routes and conductor architectures are well established for superconducting wires, and these engineering routes have a number of general characteristics that are fundamental to e
31、nabling industrial products. Practical superconducting wires are those forms of SC wires that are nearly identical to other common electrical conductors such as those made from copper or aluminium. The appearance of low temperature superconductive wires is, for instance, very similar to commercial e
32、lectrical copper wires or tin-plated copper wires, because they are covered with stabilization or reinforcing components consisting of metallic elements. Often practical SC wires are supplied in long lengths on wire spools. As such, practical SC wires can be used in products and applications almost
33、interchangeably with common wires. The technical aspects of superconductivity impose, however, certain considerations that might be taken into account in specifications for procurement, design and engineering, testing and certification, quality control, and other commerce. These aspects can be compl
34、icated, making practical SC wires less accessible to the non-technical user despite the best efforts of SC wire suppliers to market their products. This document intends to provide descriptions of the technical aspects of practical SC wires in terms of simple general characteristics to assist in the
35、 specification and use of superconducting wire products. It might be noted that this document gives some general characteristics of practical SC wires at the present state, but not any type of specifications for the wires or for the processing of the wire. Thus the present technical report that prov
36、ides general characteristics and guidance with respect to practical SC wires is recommended as a first priority for both producers and users of superconducting technology. PD IEC/TR 61788-20:2014IEC TR 61788-20:2014 IEC 2014 7 SUPERCONDUCTIVITY Part 20: Superconducting wires Categories of practical
37、superconducting wires General characteristics and guidance 1 Scope This part of IEC 61788, which is a technical report, provides general characteristics and guidance on practical SC wires. Particular focus is given to the characteristics that are different from those of ordinary copper and aluminium
38、 wires, since practical SC wires have appearance nearly identical to common electrical wires and can be used interchangeably with them. On the other hand, the practical SC wires are typically composite materials consisting of several functional materials as described in Annex A. Many forms of SC wir
39、es are described in Section 4 of IEC 60050-815, including single core wires, multi-filamentary superconducting wires, composite superconductors and coated conductors. These wires as well as others that might be described as monolithic composite superconducting wires will be the focus in this technic
40、al report. A wire is considered as being practical if it can be procured in sufficiently continuous lengths under ordinary commercial transactions to build devices. Conductors made of multiple wires, such as cables, for example, are not included in this scope. Since this report only addresses the ch
41、aracteristics of practical wires, other wires such as prototype, test sample and developmental wires are not included in the scope of this technical report. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its
42、application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60050 (all parts), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (available at: ) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of t
43、his document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-815 apply. 4 Categories of practical SC wires Industrially available SC materials are classified into two categories by IEC 60050-815. The low temperature superconductors have a critical temperature less than 25 K. They are typically in the
44、Nb-Ti group and Nb3Sn group, which is an intermetallic compound. The other category consists of high temperature superconductors such as BSCCO and REBCO and the intermetallic compound MgB2. In the present document, the five types of SC wire based on the aforementioned five superconductor materials m
45、ay be prescribed as practical SC wires, of which the additional details are mentioned in Annexes A and B. When a new superconducting PD IEC/TR 61788-20:2014 8 IEC TR 61788-20:2014 IEC 2014 material is industrialized into wire form in the future, the current general requirements should be modified by
46、 introducing it as a new practical SC wire. 5 Technical sheet assisting in the specification and the use of practical SC wires General items to agree between the supplier and the customer at the time of contract or purchase order are listed as follows. Except the recommended items mentioned here, ad
47、ditional items providing for the specification are described in Annex C. The technical sheet may be executed. 6 Class of practical SC wires One of the practical SC wires described in Clause 4 may be specified. Additional informative items are mentioned in Annex B. 7 Product parameters Dimension may
48、be settled in terms of the diameter of the round wire or the width / thickness of the rectangular wire together with the tolerance. Length and/or weight may be definitely settled. The necessity of insulation may be designated. The type of spooling may be designated. The shipping label designated in
49、Clause 13 may be attached on the shipped product. Additional informative items are mentioned in Annex C. 8 Joints Unless otherwise agreed upon by a customer and a supplier, no joints may be made in the completed wire. If joints are permitted within the wire, the customer and supplier are required to agree on the quantity and properties of the joints. 9 Appearance The appearance of the wire should be free from any imperfection not consistent with commercial practice. Additional inf
