1、BSI Standards PublicationNanomanufacturing Key control characteristicsPart 4-1: Cathode nanomaterials for nano-enabled electrical energy storage Electrochemical characterisation, 2-electrode cell methodPD IEC/TS 62607-4-1:2015National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of IEC/T
2、S 62607-4-1:2015. It supersedes PD IEC/TS 62607-4-1:2014, which iswithdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee NTI/1, Nanotechnologies.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not p
3、urport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 89147 2ICS 07.030 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligatio
4、ns.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2015. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD IEC/TS 62607-4-1:2015IEC TS 62607-4-1 Edition 2.0 2015-08 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION Nano
5、manufacturing Key control characteristics Part 4-1: Cathode nanomaterials for nano-enabled electrical energy storage Electrochemical characterisation, 2-electrode cell method INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 07.030 ISBN 978-2-8322-2852-4 Registered trademark of the International Electro
6、technical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. colourinsidePD IEC/TS 62607-4-1:2015 2 IEC TS 62607-4-1:2015 IEC 2015 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 3 INTRODUCTION . 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references. 6 3 Terms, definitions, acronyms and abbreviations
7、 . 6 3.1 Terms and definitions 6 3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations 7 4 Sample preparation methods . 7 4.1 General . 7 4.2 Reagents 7 4.2.1 Cathode foil . 7 4.2.2 Anode 8 4.2.3 Solvents and separator 8 4.3 Pre-treatment of the cathode nanomaterial 8 4.4 Preparation of the screw cell . 9 4.5 Disassembly
8、of the screw cell 9 5 Measurement of electrochemical properties 10 5.1 General . 10 5.2 Open circuit voltage (OCV) 10 5.2.1 Demarcation of method 10 5.2.2 Experimental procedures and measurement conditions . 10 5.3 Potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) 10 5.3.1 Demarcation of m
9、ethod 10 5.3.2 Experimental procedures and measurement conditions . 10 5.4 Charge-discharge experiment (constant current constant voltage, CCCV) . 10 5.4.1 Demarcation of method 10 5.4.2 Experimental procedures and measurement conditions . 10 6 Data analysis / interpretation of results 11 6.1 Open c
10、ircuit potential 11 6.2 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 11 6.3 Constant current constant voltage (CCCV) charging-discharging 11 Annex A (informative) Case study 12 A.1 Sample preparation . 12 A.2 Results for a LFP electrode . 15 Figure A.1 Components for the cell 12 Figure A.2 Construction st
11、eps a to g . 15 Figure A.3 Open circuit voltage/potential time graph. 15 Figure A.4 Electrochemical impedance graph . 16 Figure A.5 Constant current / constant voltage Charge-discharge cycle 16 Figure A.6 Capacity per cycle . 17 Table 1 Spring force and pressure 9 PD IEC/TS 62607-4-1:2015IEC TS 6260
12、7-4-1:2015 IEC 2015 3 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ NANOMANUFACTURING KEY CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS Part 4-1: Cathode nanomaterials for nano-enabled electrical energy storage Electrochemical characterisation, 2-electrode cell method FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commissi
13、on (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in a
14、ddition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee inte
15、rested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance w
16、ith conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested
17、 IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible f
18、or the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence betwee
19、n any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conf
20、ormity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and memb
21、ers of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication o
22、r any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication m
23、ay be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In exceptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a Technical Specifi
24、cation when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts, or the subject is still under technical development or where, for any other reason, there is the future but no immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Sta
25、ndard. Technical Specifications are subject to review within three years of publication to decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. IEC 62607-4-1, which is a Technical Specification, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 113: Nanotechnology standardization for elec
26、trical and electronic products and systems. PD IEC/TS 62607-4-1:2015 4 IEC TS 62607-4-1:2015 IEC 2015 This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2014. This edition constitutes a technical revision. Following discussions between IEC TC 113 and IEC TC 21/SC 21A: Secondary
27、cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes, this edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) The title of IEC 62607-4-1 has been modified. b) The scope has been revised to clarify that this Technical Specification
28、deals with a standardized method for the determination of electrochemical properties of cathode nanomaterials of, for example, lithium-ion batteries utilizing lithium iron phosphate. c) In 3.1.1, the definition of “cathode nanomaterial“ has been revised to be more specific. The text of this Technica
29、l Specification is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 113/238/DTS 113/261A/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this Technical Specification can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accorda
30、nce with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts in the IEC 62607 series, published under the general title Nanomanufacturing Key control characteristics, can be found on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stab
31、ility date indicated on the IEC website under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be transformed into an International Standard, reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publ
32、ication may be issued at a later date. IMPORTANT The colour inside logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer. PD IEC/
33、TS 62607-4-1:2015IEC TS 62607-4-1:2015 IEC 2015 5 INTRODUCTION The future utilization of renewable energy technologies depends significantly on the development of efficient systems for energy storage. Conventional approaches exist for the storage of electrical energy from stationary power plants, cu
34、rrently fuelled by many new ideas in conjunction with the emerging “Smart Grid“. For future e-mobility for individual transportation there is only one attractive solution: a battery that can store enough energy to allow all-electric driving with a range of several hundred kilometres. The current sol
35、utions already on the market can only be regarded as temporary solutions. From todays perspective, lithium-ion batteries and their derivative innovative concepts are regarded as the most promising candidates. Electrodes made from nanoscale composites will play a key role in the future. Innovative ma
36、terials will be developed and systematically optimized, which implies testing of a large number of different materials. Characterization of the electrochemical properties of cathode nanomaterials used in electrical energy storage devices is important for their customized development. This part of IE
37、C 62607 provides a standard methodology which can be used to characterize the electrochemical properties of new cathode nanomaterials that will be employed in electrical energy storage devices. Following this method will allow comparison of different types of cathode nanomaterial and comparison of t
38、he results of different research groups. This part of IEC 62607 introduces a 2-electrode cell method for the electrochemical characterization of nano-enabled cathode materials for electrical energy storage devices. This standardized method is intended for use in comparing the characteristics of cath
39、ode nanomaterials in the study stage, not for evaluating the electrode in end products. The method is applicable to materials exhibiting function or performance only possible with nanotechnology, intentionally added to the active materials to measurably and significantly change the capacity of elect
40、rical energy storage devices. In this context it is important to note that the percentage content of nanomaterial of the device in question has no direct relation to the applicability of this part of IEC 62607, because minute quantities of nanomaterial are frequently sufficient to improve the perfor
41、mance significantly. The fraction of nanomaterials in electrodes, electrode coatings, separators or electrolyte is not of relevance for using this method. PD IEC/TS 62607-4-1:2015 6 IEC TS 62607-4-1:2015 IEC 2015 NANOMANUFACTURING KEY CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS Part 4-1: Cathode nanomaterials for nano-
42、enabled electrical energy storage Electrochemical characterisation, 2-electrode cell method 1 Scope This part of IEC 62607 provides a standardized method for the determination of electrochemical properties of cathode nanomaterials of, for example, lithium-ion batteries utilizing lithium iron phospha
43、te to enable customers to: a) decide whether or not a cathode nanomaterial is usable, and b) select a cathode nanomaterial suitable for their application. This part of IEC 62607 includes: definitions of terminology used in this part of IEC 62607, recommendations for sample preparation, outlines of t
44、he experimental procedures used to measure cathode nanomaterial properties, methods of interpretation of results and discussion of data analysis, and case studies. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable f
45、or its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/TS 80004-1, Nanotechnologies Vocabulary Part 1: Core terms 3 Terms, definitions, acronyms and abbreviations 3.1 Term
46、s and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TS 80004-1 and the following apply. 3.1.1 cathode nanomaterial material used as a cathode in nano-enabled energy storage devices which contains a fraction of nanomaterial and exhibits function or performance
47、made possible only with the application of nanotechnology Note 1 to entry: The cathode is a multilayered foil consisting of (1) an aluminium current collector, (2) an optional adhesion promoting carbon layer (to enhance cathode layer adhesion if necessary) and (3) the cathode layer. This cathode lay
48、er consists of the active phase (e.g. lithium containing mixed oxides or phosphate, as LFP), a conducting phase (carbon black) and an organic binder (PVDF). 3.1.2 screw cell cell providing the geometrical conditions in the 2-electrode arrangement PD IEC/TS 62607-4-1:2015IEC TS 62607-4-1:2015 IEC 201
49、5 7 Note 1 to entry: The electrochemical characterization of the cathode nanomaterial is carried out in screw cells. The cell setup includes springs and metallic spacers and the electrode package with anode, the separator impregnated with electrolyte and the cathode. For this purpose, various cell designs are possible. The case study in Annex A shows a cell design based on a half-inch PFA Swagelok fitting.13.1.3 cell voltage Ucelldifference of the electrochemical p
