1、BSI Standards PublicationPD ISO/TR 16730-3:2013Fire safety engineering Assessment, verificationand validation of calculationmethodsPart 3: Example of a CFD modelCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or network
2、ing permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 16730-3:2013 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TR16730-3:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee FSH/24, Fire safety engineering.A list of organizati
3、ons represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 97
4、8 0 580 73622 3ICS 13.220.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedCopyright Briti
5、sh Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 16730-3:2013 ISO 2013Fire safety engineering Assessment, verification and validation of calculation methods Part 3: Example
6、 of a CFD modelIngnierie de la scurit incendie valuation, vrification et validation des mthodes de calcul Partie 3: Exemple dun modle CFDTECHNICAL REPORTISO/TR16730-3First edition2013-12-15Reference numberISO/TR 16730-3:2013(E)Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license wit
7、h BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 16730-3:2013ISO/TR 16730-3:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication ma
8、y be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the
9、 requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or
10、 networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 16730-3:2013ISO/TR 16730-3:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 General information on the CFD model considered 14 Methodology used in this part of ISO 16730 . 2Annex A (infor
11、mative) Description of the calculation method . 3Annex B (informative) Complete description of the assessment (verification and validation) of the calculation method 7Annex C (informative) Worked example 10Annex D (informative) Users manual 17Bibliography .28Copyright British Standards Institution P
12、rovided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 16730-3:2013ISO/TR 16730-3:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bo
13、dies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizatio
14、ns, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further
15、 maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives)
16、.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introd
17、uction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to con
18、formity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 4, Fire safety engineering.
19、ISO 16730 consists of the following parts, under the general title Fire Safety Engineering Assessment, verification and validation of calculation methods: Part 3: Example of a CFD model Part 5: Example of an Egress model (Technical report)The following parts are under preparation: Part 2: Example of
20、 a fire zone model (Technical report) Part 4: Example of a structural model (Technical report)iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from I
21、HS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 16730-3:2013ISO/TR 16730-3:2013(E)DisclaimerCertain commercial entities, equipment, products, or materials are identified in this part of ISO 16730 in order to describe a procedure or concept adequately or to trace the history of the procedures and practices used. Such identificatio
22、n is not intended to imply recommendation, endorsement, or implication that the entities, products, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. Nor does such identification imply a finding of fault or negligence by the International Standards Organization.For the part
23、icular case of the example application of ISO 16730-1 described in this part of ISO 16730, ISO takes no responsibility for the correctness of the code used or the validity of the verification or the validation statements for this example. By publishing the example, ISO does not endorse the use of th
24、e software or the model assumptions described therein, and state that there are other calculation methods available. ISO 2013 All rights reserved vCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted
25、without license from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 16730-3:2013Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 16730-3:2013Fire safety engineering Assessment, verificat
26、ion and validation of calculation methods Part 3: Example of a CFD model1 ScopeISO 16730-1 describes what the contents of a technical documentation and of a users manual should be for an assessment, if the application of a calculation method as engineering tool to predict real-world scenarios leads
27、to validated results. The purpose of this part of ISO 16730 is to show how ISO 16730-1 is applied to a calculation method, for a specific example. It demonstrates how technical and users aspects of the method are properly described in order to enable the assessment of the method in view of verificat
28、ion and validation.The example in this part of ISO 16730 describes the application of procedures given in ISO 16730-1 for a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model (ISIS).The main objective of the specific model treated in this part of ISO 16730 is the simulation of a fire in an open environment or
29、 confined compartments with natural or forced ventilation system.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, th
30、e latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 16730-1, Fire safety engineering Assessment, verification and validation of calculation methods Part 1: General3 General information on the CFD model consideredThe name given to the CFD model considered in this part o
31、f ISO 16730 is “ISIS”. The computer code ISIS, developed by The French Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) and defined as a computational fluid dynamic model (also called CFD or field model), is based on a coherent set of models that can be used to simulate a fire in larg
32、e and mechanically ventilated compartments. This kind of configuration involving complex flows requires an accurate physical modelling and efficient numerical methods. Usually, the spatial and time scales encountered in fires are very disparate and the coupling between phenomena is very strong.The v
33、erification and validation phases of the code are two distinct processes which are constantly updated based on the last code developments. The verification phase employs a wide range of techniques such as the comparison to an analytical solution for model problems, the use of manufactured solution,
34、and the comparison to benchmark result. The validation process is based on the so-called building-block approach including first-unit problems, sub-system cases, and then large-scale realistic fire experiments. This process allows dividing a complex engineering system into several simpler cases. Con
35、sequently, the validation guide of this code1includes laminar, turbulent, and fire cases and contains a total of 18 test cases.TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 16730-3:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not
36、for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 16730-3:2013ISO/TR 16730-3:2013(E)4 Methodology used in this part of ISO 16730For the calculation method considered, checks based on ISO 16730-1 and as outlined in this part of ISO 16730 are applied. This part o
37、f ISO 16730 lists in Annexes A and B the important issues to be checked in a left-hand column of a two-column table. The issues addressed are then described in detail and it is shown how these were dealt with during the development of the calculation method in the right-hand column of Annexes A and
38、B, where Annex A covers the description of the calculation method and Annex B covers the complete description of the assessment (verification and validation) of the particular calculation method. Annex C describes a worked example, and Annex D adds a users manual.2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedCopyri
39、ght British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 16730-3:2013ISO/TR 16730-3:2013(E)Annex A (informative) Description of the calculation methodA.1 PurposeDefinition
40、 of problem solved or function performed The main objective of this calculation method is to simulate a fire in an open environment or confined com-partments with natural or forced ventilation system. The basic modelling relies on a low Mach number for-mulation of the Navier-Stokes equations combine
41、d with a turbulent combustion model adapted for variable density flow.(Qualitative) description of results of the calcula-tion method Output includes gas temperature in the fire room and neighbouring rooms, pressure variation during the fire, inlet and outlet mass flow rates in the admission and ext
42、raction branches of the compartment, heat flux received by a wall, oxygen depletion in the compartment, and combustion products in the compartment and target rooms.Justification statements and feasibility studies The effect of the fire growth process on the ventila-tion network is a major concern fo
43、r Fire Safety Analysis. Consequently, the model has been developed to allow the coupling between a ventilation network and a fire in a mechanically ventilated compartment. Pressure variations in the fire compartment are also connected on the ventila-tion network and can cause reverse flows in the in
44、let or exhaust branches. This critical scenario is also of major interest for Fire Safety Analysis. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license f
45、rom IHS-,-,-PD ISO/TR 16730-3:2013ISO/TR 16730-3:2013(E)A.2 TheoryUnderlying conceptual model (governing phenom-ena)Physical modelling in this calculation method is based on classical local conservations laws for physical quantities such as mass, momentum (in a low-speed flow formula-tion), energy,
46、and species concentrations. Governing for-mulae in the case of a fire simulation describe a turbulent reactive flow with radiative transfers.Theoretical basis of the phenomena and physical laws on which the calculation method is basedThis field model is a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model
47、 with a two-formula closure for turbulent flow.The scalars fluxes are modelled by the gradient diffu-sion assumption and buoyancy effects are considered in turbulence production terms. The combustion model is based on the conserved scalar approach and assumes a fast chemistry. It relies on a modifie
48、d eddy break up model for non-premixed combustion.A.3 Implementation of theoryGoverning formulae The set of governing formulae are described in detail in References 2 and 5.To simulate a fire in a confined compartment, the follow-ing governing formulae are solved: RANS equations; two-formula turbulence closure (k-); mixture fraction (combustion process); fuel mass fraction; enthalpy; radiation transfers; Bernoulli equations for inlet and exhaust branches.The density of the reactive mixtur
